THE
`
`MERCK INDEX
`
`AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
`
`CHEMICALS, DRUGS, AND BIOLOGICALS
`
`TWELPTH EDITION
`
`Susan Budavari, Editor
`
`Matyadele J. O'Neil, Senior Associate Editor
`Ann Smith, Associate Editor
`Patricia E. Heckelman, Assistant Editor
`
`Joanne F. Kinneary, Assistant Editor
`
`Published by
`Merck Research Laboratories
`
`Division of
`
`MERCK & CO., INC.
`
`Whitehouse Station, NJ
`
`1996
`
`Astrazeneca Ex. 2101 p. 1
`Mylan Pharms. Inc. V. Astrazeneca AB IPR2016-01325
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`
`MERCK & CO., INC.
`Whitehouse Station, N.J.
`U.S.A.
`
`lst Edition—~1889
`2nd Edition——1 896
`3rd Edition—l907
`4th Edition—1930
`5th Edition-1940
`6th Edition-«I952
`7th Edition—1960
`8th Edition-1968
`9th Edition—1976
`10th Edition—1983
`11th Edition~—1989
`
`Library of Congress Catalog
`Card Number 89-60001
`ISBN Number 0911910-12-3
`
`Copyright © 1996 by MERCK & CO., INC.
`All rights reserved. Copyright under the Universal Copyright Convention
`and the International Copyright Convention.
`Copyright reserved under the Pan-American Copyright Convention.
`
`Printed in the U.S.A.
`
`Astrazeneca Ex. 2101 p. 2
`
`

`
`EDITOR’S PREFACE
`
`With the Twelfth Edition, The Merck Index marks the beginning of its second
`century of publication. A comparison of this one—volume, 2600—page, multidis-
`ciplinary encyclopedia with the thin catalog of Merck products that was pub-
`lished in 1889, underscores the vast changes that have occurred in this publi~
`cation over twelve editions, and in the realm of scientific information. Although
`, the text continues to be designed primarily to serve the needs of chemists,
`biochemists, pharmacists, and those in allied professions, it contains informa~
`tion of interest to a broad spectrum of scientists and others in a large number
`of disciplines. The material is assembled with today’s quick reference needs in
`mind, but the commitment to enhanced scientific communication and to excel-
`
`lence in scientific scholarship remains paramount.
`This edition contains a diverse collection of over 10,000 monographs of
`which more than 4,000 are devoted to a wide variety of drugs and pharmaceu-
`ticals, over 2,000 describe common organic chemicals and laboratory reagents,
`and another 2,000 cover naturally occurring substances and plants. An addi-
`tional 1,000 monographs focus on the elements and on inorganic chemicals,
`almost 1,000 pertain to compounds of agricultural significance, and several
`hundred describe endogenous substances and biological agents.
`A number of changes have been made since the Eleventh Edition was pub-
`lished in 1989. The monograph section has been extensively revised. The
`chemical structures have been redrawn employing current conventions for
`chemical depictions. Nomenclature has been reviewed and stereochemical de-
`scriptors have been added, where pertinent. In response to requests from our
`readership, the section on Organic Name Reactions, which last appeared in
`1983 in the Tenth Edition, has been updated and reintroduced. The compilation
`of Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Numbers has been significantly ex-
`panded. Several new tables have been added including a glossary emphasizing
`some of the newer terminology employed in the fields of molecular biology
`and immunology.
`In recognition of the growing utilization of electronic versions of traditional
`reference works, THE MERCK INDEX ONLINE is made available through
`major online database vendors. A CD—ROM version of the Twelfth Edition,
`which is bothtext and structure searchable, will also be published in 1996.
`Compared with their counterparts of earlier eras, scientists of the 1990s have
`unparalleled access to information from a multitude of sources. In this envi-
`ronment, it is especially gratifying that so many readers inform us that they
`refer to The Merck Index on a daily basis. We hope that this edition, published
`by Merck & Co., Inc., as a service to the scientific community, will continue
`the tradition and prove to be an indispensable reference to all who consult it.
`
`Susan Budavari, Editor
`Merck Research Laboratories
`
`Rahway, New Jersey 07065
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 3
`
`

`
`ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
`
`The creation process for each edition of The Merck Index involves the efforts
`of many dedicated people with special talents and varied expertise. The suc-
`cessful publication is a tribute to all involved.
`The Merck Index Editorial staff wishes to especially thank our coworkers
`for their untiring efforts and cooperation: Jo Ann Gallipeau for assistance in
`researching and preparing various portions of the manuscript; Mary Ann
`D’Arecca for organizing the data entry of the tabular material and for procuring
`research materials; Edward Hendrzak for preparing tabular material and skill-
`fully drawing the chemical structures; and Mariann E. Lacas for diligent edi-
`torial assistance in evaluating Various topics and standardizing the structures.
`We also wish to thank Dr. Norman Penix for providing computer expertise,
`custom programming and technical guidance at critical times; Debra Shelinsky
`Greene, Susan C. Manson and Jon Filderman, for advice and counsel on
`
`intellectual property and contractual issues; and especially, Gary Zelko, our
`Publisher, for facilitating all business aspects of this edition and for providing
`needed support.
`We would like to express our gratitude to Professor David A. Evans of
`Harvard University and Professor Barry M. Trost of Stanford University who
`reviewed Various portions of the manuscript for the Organic Name Reactions
`section and provided salient comments and valuable suggestions.
`Finally, we wish to mention and thank the numerous Merck scientists, past
`and present, who contributed in varying degrees to this book, as well as the
`many readers who took the time to Contact us with comments, suggestions, and
`corrections.
`
`vi
`
`Astrazeneca Ex. 2101 p. 4
`
`

`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`Periodic chart
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`Editor’s preface
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`Acknowledgments
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`Explanatory notes.
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`Abbreviations
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`MONOGRAPHS .
`MISCELLANEOUS TABLES
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`Alphabetical listoftables.
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`Glossary
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`Common Heterocyclic Ring Systems .
`Abbreviated terms used by the U.S. Adopted Names
`Council for Radicals and Adducts
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`inside front cover
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`. viii
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`. xiii
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`.l~l741
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`. MIsC—l—MIsC—107
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`.M1sc—1
`.MIsC—2
`.MISC-7
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`.MIsC~8
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`International non—proprietary names for radicals and groups
`.MISC—8
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`proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO).
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`. MIsc—1O
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`Cancer chemotherapy drug regimens
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`. MISC—l2
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`Code letters used by companies for experimental substances.
`. MISC~16
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`Company register.
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`. M1sC—3O
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`Numerical prefixes commonly used in forming chemical names
`. M1sC—3O
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`Alchemical symbols used in biology and botany
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`Prescription notation
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`Latinterms.........................M1sc—31
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`Greek and Russian alphabets
`Roman Numerals.
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`Chemical Terms Translator.
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`. MISC-33
`. MISC-33
`. MISC-34
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`. MISC-36
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`. MISC-42
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`. MIsc—46
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`...MISC—47
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`. MIsC~58
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`Boiling points of solvents
`Density of liquids.
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`Percentage solution tables
`Isotonicsolutions.
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`Indicators .
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`Amino Acid Abbreviations and pKa Values
`Saturated solutions
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`Cooling mixtures .
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`Thermometric equivalents
`International system of units (SI)
`Universal conversion factors
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`Table of radioactive isotopes
`Radioactive isotopes used in medical therapy and diagnosis .
`Table of Minerals.
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`ORGANIC NAME REACTIONS .
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`CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS SERVICE REGISTRY NUMBERS
`
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`Alphabetic order by compound name .
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`CAS Registry Number order
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`THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY AND BIOLOGICAL
`ACTIVITY INDEX.
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`FORMULA INDEX.
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`NAME INDEX.
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`Atomic weights
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`. MIsC—60
`. MIsC—61
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`. MIsC—66
`. MISC-66
`. MISC-67
`. M1sC—68
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`. MISC-78
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`. MISC—93
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`.M1sC—l00
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`. ONR-l-ONR-107
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`.REG~l——REG~59
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`.REG—60—-REG—l24
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`.THER-l—THER—28
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`FI-l——FI-76
`.
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`.NI-l—NI-360
`
`inside back cover
`
`vii
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 5
`
`

`
`EXPLANATORY NOTES
`
`The Twelfth edition of The Merck Index contains 10,330 monographs de—
`scribing significant chemicals, drugs, and biological substances. The entries are
`not a listing of Merck & Co., Inc. products, but rather cover a wide range of
`compounds which have been selected on the basis of present, or historic,
`importance and interest. Since the publication of the Eleventh Edition in 1989,
`over 5000 monographs have been significantly revised and updated, while
`several hundred monographs have either been condensed, or deleted from the
`manuscript to make room for hundreds of new monographs.
`Entries are generally limited to single substances and related compounds
`(isomers, salts, etc.). While multi~component drugs are, for the most part,
`excluded, there are a number of monographs devoted to families of natural
`products or biological substances. Monographs vary greatly in length. The
`length of a monograph, however, is not necessarily indicative of the importance
`of a compound, but rather may simply be an indication of the amount of relevant
`published information available for the compound.
`For the purpose of illustrating the general monograph format, a typical drug
`monograph is depicted and the components are identified. While all the possible
`categories of information in a monograph are described below, it must be
`emphasized that not all categories are present in every monograph.
`Monograph Number. Sequential accession numbers are assigned to mono-
`graphs which are alphabetized by title. Entries in the indices are referenced to
`these numbers, not to page numbers. (Note: Monograph numbers in the Twelfth
`Edition do not correspond to Eleventh Edition monograph numbers.)
`Monograph Title. Titles are usually generic (United States Adopted Names
`(USAN) or International Nonproprietary Names (INN), in the case of drugs),
`trivial, or simple chemical names. Trademarks, designated by ®, are used for
`a small number of entry titles, primarily when nonproprietary terms are not
`available.
`
`Chemical Abstracts Name(s). Synonyms in boldface italic following the
`title are uninverted forms of Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Index names.
`
`When a specific isomer is being discussed, stereochemical descriptors have
`been included, when possible, to more clearly delineate that isomer. The Chem-
`ical Abstracts Names (and CAS Registry Numbers starting on page REG-l)
`are provided as aids for further searching of the compound of interest in
`Chemical Abstracts and elsewhere.
`
`Alternate Name(s). Other chemical names which identify the entry, trivial
`names, experimental drug codes, and current (and former) trademarks are listed.
`Listing of trademarks is for information purposes only and it should not be
`assumed that the trademarks are in current use. The first letter of each trademark
`
`is capitalized; absence of capitalization, however, does not preclude that a name
`may either currently be a proprietary name, or may once have been the subject
`of proprietary rights. In those cases where it has come to our attention that a
`trademark is obsolete, we have indicated that fact. If known, the company
`associated with a particular trademark (as a manufacturer, distributor or trade-
`mark owner), is listed alongside the trademark in the Name Index. Names
`
`viii
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 6
`
`

`
`‘\
`6;
`,/
`
`
`
`'
`
`
`
`/""“"""""“"
`
`\1
`Patent and chemical
`\i11formation
`
`
`
`'
`
`
`
`.............................,
`
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`
`1,,,,,9._..w..~_M.\
`
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`,
`\........................//
`
`.,_.»/’
`,
`[1(IS,2R),5(S)]-2,3,5-Tfideoxy-N-(2,3-
`Indinavir.
`_,. 4979.
`dihydr0~2~hydroxy-IH~inden-1-yl)-5-[2-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)—
`amino]carb0t1yl]~ 4 - (3 -pyridinylmethyl) - 1 -piperazinyl] - 2 ~
`(Ph9”.Yl”“”‘h}’l)'D'e".Yfl"'0'I"3"t"”"”’id‘3; (“R’7Sw2S)‘“'benZY1‘\1
`mm.............
`
`2—(tert-butylcarbamoy1)-y-hydroxy—N-[(1S,2R)-2-hydroxy—1-1 /»A»l«~~w-~l;»-w_—-T\
`\‘1}
`5/ Percentage
`
`
`W /»'\ indanyl] - 4 - (3—pyridy1methy1) - 1 - piperazineva1eramide;N—
`nafigagg
`‘~
`\@(R)-hydroxy-1(5)-indany1)~2(R)-(phenylmethyl)-4(S)—hy—1 \.............-I
`d1"
`y — 5 — [1 - [4 — (3 — pyridy1methyl)- 2(S) - (N - tert- butylcarba :
`moy ‘)\piperazinyl]]
`pentanamide. C36H47N5_O4; mol wt
`
`/.9--------1-:»,613.8O.‘°C 70.45%, H 7.72%, N 11.41%, 0 1O[‘4“3*%..\l§{le1nber
`{of the novel hydroxyaminopentane amide class of l"-11V.-t1\
`gprotease inhibitors. Prepn:
`J. P. Vacca er al., Eur. patf\\‘
`Appl. 541,168; eidem, U.S. pat. 5,413,999 (1993, 1995 both
`to Merck & Co.); B. D. Dorsey et al., J. Med. Chem. 37,
`3443 (1994). Diastereoselective synthesis: D. Askin et al.,
`Tetrahedron Letters 35, 673 (1994); P. E. Maligres et al.,
`ibid. 36, 2195 (1995). Crystal structure of HIVvII protease}
`complex: Z. Chen et al., J. Biol. Chem. 269, 26344 (l994)."‘~
`/
`Antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics: J. P. Vacca et al.,
`Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 4096 (1994). HPLC determn }9~{\
`in plasma and urine: E. Woolf et al., J. Chromatog. A. 692,
`45 (1995). Metabolism in humans: S. K. Balani et al., Drug/3
`ikll/Ietab. Dispos. 23, 266 (1995).
`
`
`
`
`
` ,,,,,,,..
`‘<.§5EE{?_Fure
`‘L
`
`\
`
`N/W OH
`R
`
`QH
`:
`
`/,.
`_
`
`
`
`Occurs as monohydrate, crystals from wet ethyl or iso-
`
`propyl acetate, loss of water below 100° followed by recrys-
`:1 a o
`3
`
`
`
`gtallization of anhydrous form with mp 153-154°; second««««"\_
`zktrtle compound W
`/ éanhydrous form, mp l67.5—168°. Soly in water
`(rrrg//Ifil):
`0.015 (unbuffered), > 1.5 (pH 4.0).
`[a],%2
`J;/21471/° (c =
`0.0133 in chloroform).
`Q/«~/H
`Sulfate, C36H47N5O4.H2SO4, MK-639, Crigjvarz. Occurs as
`the monoethanolate, crystals from absolute eth nol, softens
`‘E at 135°, mp 150—153° (dec). Converts to hydrafiupon loss ________________________________________________
`
`{pf ethanol and exposure to moist air. \
`\;/Trademarks (capimgzed)
`.-
`.
`E
`,,,,,-aTHERA1> CAT: Antiviral.
`,
`1 and/Orsynonymsof
`.1’ Physical data
`for derivative
`“~\derivative (boldface italicg/'§
`-
`,...,_1..1.._.._
`
`
`
`____________§
`Derivative of
`lktitlegcoinupaunflw/I
`/
`. “‘“""“
`“W
`1’ Therapeutic Category
`x\(1n humans)
`
`\
`/.
`
`ix
`
`Astrazeneca Ex. 2101 p. 7
`
`

`
`appearing elsewhere in the monograph in boldface italic, also appear in the
`Name Index.
`
`Molecular Formula, Molecular Weight, % Composition. Elements in the
`molecular formula are listed according to the Hill convention (C, H, then other
`
`elements in alphabetical order). Formula and molecular weight are provided
`for all title compounds having a specific known structure. The 1993 IUPAC
`Standard Atomic Weights have been used to calculate all molecular weights.
`Literature References. A concise reference history of each compound is
`provided. Frequently, there is a brief description or capsule statement, although
`in some monographs, particularly those on significant biological substances, a
`lengthier description is given. References to isolation, preparation or synthesis,
`patent information, and structural studies are cited. While reference is made to
`various methods of synthesis, the intent is to give a representative, but by no
`means, exhaustive list. Patent numbers are provided merely as a source of
`preparative information. However, whenever possible, the United States prod
`uct patent has been cited in monographs which were newly added for the
`Eleventh and Twelfth Editions. References to pharmacology or biological ac-
`tivity, clinical trials, and toxicity studies may be included, where appropriate.
`Review articles, where available, are usually cited at the end of the references.
`Reviews pertaining to a group of closely related compounds or to a family of
`natural substances, are generally listed only in the monograph for the parent
`element or compound. Literature references are cited in the conventional man-
`ner; journal abbreviations (with notable exceptions listed in the Table of Ab-
`breviations) generally correspond to those in Chemical Abstracts Service
`Source Index (CASSI). The number of the first page of the reference is given;
`first and last page numbers are listed for reviews.
`Structure. For this edition, all structures have been drawn according to
`current conventions using CambridgeSoft’s ChemDraw“‘ software package.
`Structural depictions, including stereochemistry, if relevant, are included in
`over 6500 monographs. Structures which do not correspond precisely to the
`monograph title, have been labeled to identify the specific form depicted.
`Standard conventions of heavy wedges and dotted lines to show bonds directed
`above, or below the plane of the paper are used where appropriate; whenever
`possible, double bond geometry has been defined within the structure. Amino
`acid residues are assumed to be L unless specified otherwise. In addition, more
`than 2000 monographs contain line formulae showing molecular arrangements.
`Physical Data. Data are cited as found in the literature. When several alter—
`nate data values appear in the literature, the data is evaluated and representative
`selections are made. The values are then reported with the corresponding
`source. Whenever possible, the color of a substance is stated, but the absence
`of color (white or colorless) is often omitted. Temperatures are given in degrees
`Celsius (Centigrade), unless otherwise noted. When solubilities are determined
`at room temperature (about 25°C), the temperature is generally omitted. When
`optical rotations are measured in water, the solvent is usually not specified. For
`ultraviolet absorption measurements, the solvent is given within parentheses.
`An effort has been made to provide toxicity data (e.g. LD50, LC50, etc.) and
`to identify the source of this information. Caution and/or Note statements are
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 8
`
`

`
`also provided in a number of monographs. Specific statements are given for
`compounds on the U.S. Government’s Schedules of Controlled Substances in
`Title 21 of the 1995 Code of Federal Regulations, for compounds listed as
`suspected or confirmed carcinogens in the Seventh Annual Report on Carcin-
`ogens issued in 1994 by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
`(USDHHS), and for chemicals considered potential occupational hazards as
`described in sources such as the NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
`
`(USDHHS). Note: Absence of toxicity data or specific cautions does not imply
`that toxic effects do not exist.
`
`Derivatives. When derivatives (isomers, salts, etc.) of the title compound are
`described in a monograph, the information appears in the paragraph(s) directly
`following the physical data. Data for derivatives are presented in the same
`format as for the parent compound. Molecular formulae for parent substances
`appear in the Formula Index. Molecular formulae for derivatives other than
`acid addition salts or simple hydrates, are listed in the Formula Index if there
`are names associated with them.
`
`Derivative paragraphs may also be used to describe specific members of a
`large family of natural substances. Literature references pertaining to these
`specific substances may be included here.
`Use. Descriptions of specific uses, which are not medical or veterinary ther-
`apeutic applications, are summarized under this heading.
`In most
`Therapeutic Category and Therapeutic Category (Veterinary).
`cases,
`therapeutic categories correspond to those published in the USP
`Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names. However, in instances
`where there is no listing, or where the USAN Council has listed a mechanism
`of action, a therapeutic category has been assigned which most closely describes
`the indication claimed by the manufacturer, or reported in the clinical literature.
`When available, mode of action information is included in the literature refer-
`
`ences section of the monograph. Monographs for human drugs have been
`indexed by both therapeutic category and biological activity beginning on page
`THER-1.
`-
`
`Indices. More than 60,000 synonyms, including titles, CAS names, alternate
`names, trademarks and derivative names, are contained in the Name Index, and
`
`more than 11,500 entries appear in the Formula Index. Each entry directs the
`reader to the number of the monograph in which the substance of interest is
`described. The effort to match trademarks with associated companies has been
`continued for this edition. In the Name Index an abbreviated form of the
`
`company name appears in brackets following the trademark. The complete
`company name and location is listed in an updated and expanded Company
`Register in the TABLES section of the book. Company names are provided as
`a source of additional information and do not necessarily imply trademark
`ownership. Due to reorganizations or mergers, some company names may have
`changed since the original matching process was completed.
`In the Therapeutic Category and Biological Activity Index, monographs
`describing human drugs have been listed by one or more therapeutic indica-
`tions and/or mechanisms of action. Cross references to closely related categories
`and mechanisms have been included. Whenever appropriate, subclassifications
`
`xi
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 9
`
`

`
`have been developed by grouping compounds according to structural similari—
`ties.
`
`Two CAS Registry Number indices are also provided: one arranged alpha-
`betically by substance name, the second by ascending Registry Number order.
`Registry Numbers are provided for title substances and for selected derivatives.
`Where appropriate, Registry Numbers are provided for isomeric and unspecified
`forms.
`
`The Merck Index is not intended as an official therapeutic guide. Inclusion
`of a drug, or any other compound in this book, is not an endorsement, but
`merely a statement of the fact that such a substance exists. THERAPEUTIC
`CATEGORY and THERAPEUTIC CATEGORY (VETERINARY) paragraphs
`are intended only as summary statements of major pharmacological properties
`or indications for the individual compounds. For additional information on
`uses, dosage, side effects and adverse reactions, readers are directed to consult
`pertinent scientific and professional publications, product circulars, information
`sheets or material safety data sheets prepared, or published, by the respective
`manufacturers.
`
`Organic Name Reactions. This section, which has been significantly updated
`since it was last published in I983, is comprised of 425 named reactions, each
`containing a concise reference history and reaction scheme, and an index.
`Tables. A compilation of over 100 pages of tables including a glossary, is
`provided to supplement the material presented in the monographs.
`Great care has been taken to assure the accuracy of the information contained
`in The Merck Index. However, the Editorial-Staff and the Publisher cannot be
`
`responsible for errors incurred in publication or for any consequences arising
`from use of the information published in The Merck Index. Accordingly, ref-
`erence to original sources is strongly encouraged, as is reporting of errors and
`omissions in order to assure that appropriate changes may be made in the next
`edition.
`
`xii
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 10
`
`

`
`Abbreviations and Selected Definitions
`
`Please consult the Glossary (Misc. Tables Section) for additional definitions.
`A.S.T.M.
`
`American Society for Testing
`Materials
`asymmetrical, unsymmetrical
`atomic
`American Type Culture Collection
`atmosphere(s), atmospheric
`atomic number
`adenosine triphosphate
`adenosine triphosphatase
`atomic weight
`British Approved Name
`bone marrow or bursa of Fabricius
`derived cell
`Bacillus Calmette-Guerin
`Baumé (a specific gravity scale)
`Beilstein’s Handbuch der
`Organischen Chemie
`Belgian patent
`Chemische Berichte (Berichte der
`Deutschen Chernischen
`Gesellschaft)
`bovine gamma globulin
`biological
`British Intelligence Objectives
`Subcommittee
`tert—butoxycarbonyl
`biochemical oxygen demand
`boiling
`basepair; boiling point; boils at;
`boiling at Example: bp70 48°
`means boils at 48°C if the pressure
`is 70 mm Hg
`British Pharmacopeia
`British Pharmaceutical Codex
`British patent
`biological response modifier
`bovine serum albumin
`British thermal units
`butyl
`benzoyl C6H5CO——
`benzaldehyde
`benzoic acid
`concentration by volume (g/100ml)
`after optical rotations only
`cytosine; cytidine; complement
`Centigrade degrees; Celsius
`degrees
`heat capacity (constant pressure)
`(circa) about
`Chemical Abstracts
`ca1orie(s)
`calculate, calculated
`Canadian patent
`carbobenzoxy
`complete blood count
`cubic centimeter(s) (milliliter)
`cholecystokinin
`circular dichroism
`cytidine diphosphate
`carcinoembryonic antigen
`(confer) compare
`comglete Freund’s adjuvant (same as
`F A)
`complement fixation test
`coronary heart disease
`congestive heart failure
`chemical
`Journal of the Chemical Society,
`Chemical Communications.
`curie
`Colour Index (British)
`stereodescriptor, see Glossary
`centimeter(s)
`
`as-, asym~
`at.
`ATCC
`atm, atmos
`at. no.
`ATP
`ATPase
`at. wt.
`BAN
`B cell
`
`BCG
`Be
`Beilstein
`
`Belg. pat.
`Ber.
`
`BGG
`biol
`B.I.O.S.
`
`BOC
`B.O.D.
`boil.
`bp
`
`B.P.
`B.P. C.
`Brit. pat.
`BRM
`BSA
`Btu
`BL1
`B7.
`BZH
`BZOH
`
`c C°
`
`C
`
`Crca.
`C.A.
`cal
`calc(d)
`Can. pat
`Cbz
`cbc
`cc
`CCK
`CD
`CDP
`CEA
`of
`CFA
`
`CFT
`CHD
`CHF
`chem
`Chem. Commun.
`
`Ci
`C.l.
`cis-
`cm
`
`xiii
`
`adenine; adenosine; absorbance
`(extinction)
`Angstrom units
`oL,—antit1'ypsin
`antibody
`absolute; absorption
`absolute configuration
`abstract
`or-aminobutyric acid
`acetyl CH3CO—
`according
`angiotensin converting enzyme
`acetyl coenzyme A
`acetic anhydride
`ethyl acetate
`acetic acid
`acyl carrier protein
`American Chemical Society
`adrenocorticotropic hormone
`acyl coenzyme A
`antibody-dependent cellular
`cytotoxicity
`adding, addition
`adenine
`alcohol dehydrogenase
`adenosine diphosphate
`(United States) Atomic Energy
`Commission
`antigen, silver
`anaphylotoxin inhibitor
`acquired immunodeficiency
`syndrome
`alanine
`alcohol(ic); ethanol; ethyl alcohol
`anti-lymphocyte globulin
`alkali(ne)
`specific optical rotation at 25° C for
`D (sodium) line; absence of
`brackets indicates optical rotation
`of a liquid in a l decimeter cell,
`neat
`anti—lymphocyte serum, amyotrophic
`lateral sclerosis
`molar absorptivity (concn in
`g-moles/l)
`amorphous
`adenosine 5’-monophosphate
`(adenylic acid)
`cyclic AMP
`ampules
`amount(s)
`anti—nuclear factor; atrial natriuretic
`factor
`anhydrous
`stereodescriptor, see Glossary
`Justus Lz'ebz'g’s Annalen der Chemie
`American Pharmaceutical
`Association
`approximate(ly)
`alum precipitated toxoid
`aqueous
`aryl
`analytical reagent
`AIDS related complex
`Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archivfiir
`Experimentelle Pathologie und
`Pharmakologie
`aromatic acyl radical
`arginine
`B—carboxyaspartic acid
`asparagine
`aspartic acid
`association; associated
`
`. A
`
`o AA
`
`AT
`Ab
`abs
`abs config
`abstr
`Abu
`Ac
`acc
`ACE
`Acetyl CoA
`ACZO
`AcOEt
`ACOH
`ACP
`A.C.S.
`ACTH
`Acy1SCoA
`ADCC
`
`add(n)
`Ade
`ADH
`ADP
`AEC
`
`A2
`A1
`AIDS
`
`Ala
`alc, alcoh
`ALG
`alk
`lot]?
`
`ALS
`
`51M
`
`amorph
`AMP
`
`CAMP
`amps
`amt(s)
`ANF
`
`anhydr
`anti
`Ann.
`APhA
`
`approx
`APT
`39
`Ar
`A.R.
`ARC
`Archiv Exp.
`Pathol.
`Pharmakol.
`ArCO-
`Arg
`Asa
`Asn
`Asp
`assoc(d)
`
`AstraZeneca Ex. 2101 p. 11
`
`

`
`CM—cel1ulose
`CMI
`CML
`CMP
`
`CNS
`CoA or CoASH
`coll. vol.
`compd
`compn
`Con A
`conc(d)
`concn
`config
`constit
`contd
`contg
`CoQ
`cor(r)
`corresp
`CP
`C.P.
`cpd
`crit press
`crit temp
`cryst
`crystn
`CSF
`
`CTFA
`
`CTP
`Cys
`Cyt
`
`DEAE cellulose
`dec, decomp
`decompn
`deg
`deliquesc
`A (delta)
`deriv
`determn
`DFP, DIFP, DIPF
`
`Dha
`Dhb
`
`diff
`di1(d), (R)
`distln
`cil-
`D1.-
`
`dm
`DMA
`DMARD
`DMF
`DMSO
`DNA
`cDNA
`mtDNA
`DNAase
`DNFB
`DNP
`
`p
`dp, DP
`
`0-(carboxymethyl) cellulose
`cell-mediated immunity
`cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity
`cytidine 5’-monophosphate (cytidylic
`acid)
`central nervous system
`coenzyme A
`collective volume
`compound
`composition
`concanavalin A
`concentrated
`concentration
`configuration
`constituent
`continued
`containing
`coenzyme Q (ubiquinone)
`corrected
`corresponding, corresponds
`centipoise
`chemically pure
`compound
`critical pressure
`critical temperature
`crystalline, crystals
`crystallization
`colony stimulating factor; cerebral
`spinal fluid
`Cosmetic, Toiletry and Fragrance
`Assoc.
`cytidine triphosphate
`cysteine
`cytosine
`density; specific gravity (dig specific
`gravity at 19° referred to water at
`°)
`dextro(rotatory), the opposite of Z
`dextro (in configurational sense
`only), the opposite of L
`daltons
`0-(diethylaminoethy1)cellulose
`decompose(s), decomposition
`decomposition
`degree
`deliquescent
`indicates the locant of the double
`bond
`derivative
`determination
`diisopropyl fluorophosphate or
`diisopropyl phosphofluoridate
`dihydroalanine
`dehydrobutyrine,
`B—methyldehydroa1anine
`difference
`dilute, diluted, dilution
`distillation
`racemic
`optically inactive by external
`compensation as contrasted with
`mes0~
`decimeter(s)
`dimethylacetamide
`disease, modifying antirheumatic drug
`dimethylformamide
`dimethylsulfoxide
`deoxyribonucleic acid
`complementary DNA
`mitochondrial DNA
`deoxyribonuclease
`2,4-dinitro-l—fluorobenzene
`2,4-dinitrophenyl or 2,4-
`dinitrophenol
`dihydroxyphenylalanine
`degree of polymerization (number of
`monomeric units in the polymer)
`
`D.R.P.
`
`EAA
`EAC
`
`EAE
`
`EC
`ECF-A
`
`ECG
`E.C. No.
`ed.
`ED
`Ed(s).
`EDTA
`EEG
`e.g.
`EGF
`eidem
`EINECS
`
`EKG
`ELISA
`emf
`en
`endo-
`
`EPA
`EPO
`
`e (epsilon)
`
`39
`equilib
`equiv
`esp
`esu
`Et
`T] (eta)
`et al.
`etc.
`Et2O
`EtOH
`Eur. pat. App].
`ev
`evac
`evapn
`exo-
`
`exptfly)
`ext(d)
`extem
`°F
`F— l —P
`F-6-P
`FA
`FAB
`FAD (FADH2)
`FCA
`
`Fd
`F.D.A.
`
`FD&C
`
`xiv
`
`(Deutsches Reichs-Patent)—German
`patent
`double stranded
`dithiothreitol
`dynes
`entgegen, stereodescriptor, see
`Glossary
`the absorbance of a solution
`containing one gram per 100 ml
`contained in a cell having an
`absorption path of one cm
`molar extinction coefficient (concn in
`g-moles/l)
`excitatory amino acid
`erythrocyte coated by antibody and
`complement
`experimental allergic
`encephalomyelitis
`electron capture
`eosinophil chemotactic factor of
`anaphylaxis
`electrocardiogram
`Enzyme Commission Number
`edition
`effective dose
`editor(s)
`ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
`electroencephalogram
`(exempli gratia) for example
`epidermal growth factor
`the same (authors), plural of idem
`European Inventory of Existing
`Chemical Substances
`electrocardiogram
`enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
`electromotive force
`ethylenediamine (in formulas)
`stereochemical descriptor, see
`Glossary
`Environmental Protection Agency
`erythropoietin; European Patent
`Office
`molar extinction coefficient (concn in
`g-moles/1); dielectric constant
`equation
`equilibrium
`equivalent
`especially
`electrostatic units of electrical charge
`C2H5““
`viscosity
`(et alii) and others
`et cetera
`ether
`ethyl alcohol
`European patent application
`electron volt
`evacuated
`evaporation
`stereochemical descriptor, see
`Glossary
`experimental(ly)
`extract, extracted
`externally
`Fahrenheit degrees; also Fourneau
`fructose l-phosphate
`fructose 6-phosphate
`fatty acid
`fast atom bombardment
`flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced
`form)
`Freund’s complete adjuvant (same as
`CFA)
`ferredoxin
`Food and Drug Administration
`(U.S.A.)
`V
`Food, Drug and Cosmetic (U.S.A).
`
`Astrazeneca Ex. 2101 p. 12
`
`

`
`FDNB
`FDP
`ff
`FFA
`FFC
`FIA
`
`FIAT
`
`FMN (FMNH2)
`
`Fmoc
`Fortschr. Chem.
`Org. Naturst.
`
`Glc
`GLC
`GlcA
`GlcN
`GlcNAc
`GlcUA
`Gln
`Glu
`GluA
`Gly
`Glycerol-3-P
`Gmelin ‘s
`
`GMP
`
`CGMP
`GM-CSF
`
`gov’t
`GP
`GRF, GHRF
`GSH
`GSSG
`GTP
`GU
`Gua
`
`1-fluoro—2,4-dinitrobenzene
`fructose 1,6-diphosphate
`following
`free fatty acid
`free from chlorine
`Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (same
`as ICFA)
`Field Information Agency, Technical
`(U.S. reports)
`flavin mononucleotide (reduced
`form); same as riboflavin
`phosphate
`9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl
`Forlschritte der Chemie Organischer
`Natztrstofle (Progress in the
`Chemistry of Organic Natural
`Products)
`freezing point
`flavoprotein
`fast protein liquid chromatography
`French patent
`P. Friedlander Fortschritte der Tee)‘-
`farbenfabrikation, a collection of
`patents
`fructose
`follicle~stimulating hormone
`Fourier transform
`gram(s)
`guanine; guanosine
`glucose 1-phosphate
`glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
`glucose 6-phosphat