CONCURRENT
`
`ENGINEERING
`
`CONTEMPORARY ISSUES AND
`MODERN DESIGN TOOLS
`
`Edfredlry
`
`HANIID R. PARSAEI AND
`
`\WILLIAfV1C. SULLIVAN
`
`CHAPMAN I5: HALL
`
` MYLAN - EXHIBIT 1031
`
`MYLAN - EXHIBIT 1031
`
`

`
`To our parents,
`Abolfazl Parsaei and Burnt Arabaki,
`William H. Sullivan and Kathleen A. Glassmne
`
`Concurrent Engineering
`
`Contemporary issues and
`modern design tools
`
`Edtm! by
`
`Hamid R. Parsaei
`
`.4ssr:n'aIe Prqfess-or
`Cenrclrflzr ("mnp1m*r-::1'd:'d £ng:'ne¢>.rI.-:_q
`U:11'::ur_s':'I_1'
`-ta!" LrJuisn'.I".I'(*
`USA
`
`and
`
`William G. Sullivan
`
`Pro_f'es:mJ'
`Deparrirwnr of ImJ'uxn':‘a1' mm!‘ .S'_1'.m-Jm Iingrfim-ring
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`cHAPI~LiI.nIr~i_& HALL
`London » Glasgow - New York - Tokyo - Melbourne - Madras
`
`

`
`I’:-W-rd by Chap-nm an Hut. 1-6 |3onnd.Ir3' Row. Lcusdon SE1 am-as
`
`Ch“P|'|"fl1'| & H811. 2—6 Boundary Row. London SE1 HHN. UK
`Biackie Academic -& Professional; Waste: Cleddens Road. Blshupbrpggs,
`Glasgow G64 2N2, UK
`
`Chapman &. Hall Inc.. 29 West 35th Slreei. New York NYIIIIDI, [ISA
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`A calaiflfiuc record for ihis book is available: from the British Library
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`Preface
`
`Parl One
`ORGANIZATION ISSUES IN CON('liRRI£NT
`ENGINEERING
`
`Principles of concurrenl engineering
`H}-'<-ml H. Jo. I-Iuririd R.
`I’ar.cm'." and Wiiiiani G.
`
`.'S'm':'ir-mi
`
`Concurrent engincering's roots in the World War II era
`M. Cari Zionrke and .M'm-y 3. Spam]
`
`['r11plien1cnt‘ati0n: common failure modes and success facmrs
`Step ml Izrans
`'. Overcoming barriers to the implemcnlaiiun of concurrent
`engineering
`Gary .4. Maddux and Pl’£i'.'Ia‘ni Ii. Sunder
`
`Improving interpersonal communications on multifunctional
`ICHHIS
`.-'H:'u‘mcI I-.2 Fem: and Ray A. Daley
`
`Scheduling of concurrem manufacturing projecis
`Adudvji B. Badfru
`
`Part Two
`TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES OF CONCURRENT
`ENGINEERING
`
`Models of design processes
`.-Hi Bahrami and (.‘i'imn H. Dugii
`
`A decision-based approach to concurrenl design
`Fnrrokh Misrree. Warren Smith and Bert Bras
`
`Concurrent optimization of product design and manufacture
`fvfa.-artraka Yoshinmm
`
`Computer-based concurrent engineering systems
`Michael J. 0'F:'_vnn and M. Munfr Ahmad
`
`

`
`
`
`vii
`
`426
`
`447
`
`465
`
`487
`
`
`
`Comems
`
`Cunrm 3 s
`
`Automating “csign for manufznzturability through oxpcn sys-
`tems approaches
`.»1.R. 1v"cnkaIarhm'crm. Joseph M. A-feflfchttmp and Darfd M.
`
`Modeling the design process with Pctri nets
`Andrew Kusiak and H.-an-Hno Yong
`
`Ncuro-computing and concurrent engineering
`C':'hm: H. Dngh‘. Piparpang Poshyononda. and AH Buhrami
`
`Index
`
`II.
`
`1?.
`
`‘[3.
`
`IT.
`
`IS.
`
`Multiattribute design optimization and concurrent cnginccr-
`ing
`Deborah L. Thurston amt Angeia Locosrto
`
`Concurrent ooll design and cell control system aonfiguration
`F. Frank Chen
`
`A generalized methodology [or evaluating manufacturability
`Srinntasa R. Shankar and David G. Jnnsson
`
`Evaluating product tnaohinability for concurrent engineering
`Dana 5. Non, Gwimgming Zhang, Somtndro K. Gupta and
`Raghu R. Karinthf
`Concurrent optimization of design and manufacturing toler-
`ances
`
`Chm: Zkany and Hsn—PEn {Ben} Wang
`
`Design for human factors
`Fariborz Toyyori
`
`Part Three
`
`CDST CONSIDERATIONS IN CONCURRENT
`ENGINEERING
`
`Designing to cost
`Mahoudra S. Honda!
`
`E°°"'°m5'-‘- dcsisn in oonmtrrenl engineering
`James S. Nobie
`
`Part Four
`
`AR'I'lFlClAL INTELLIGENCE IN CONCURRENT
`ENGINEERING
`
`Application of expert
`Ste
`t
`'
`'
`‘
`Gary P. Maynmm 5}’ ms ocngmoermg dcsngn
`
`20.
`
`A knowledge-based :1
`features
`
`pproach to design for manufacture using
`
`E9’-" M'-''“''?}' “M J. Browne
`
`Concurrent accumulation of kn
`engineering
`Rflbetf 5- Douglas, Jr. and David C. Brown
`
`0“'-l°d£.e: 9. view of concurrent
`
`lntcgratod knowledge
`Stem H. Kim
`
`systems for adaptifie, concurrent design
`
`280
`
`297
`
`327
`
`329
`
`352
`
`373
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`375
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`386
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`402
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`413
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`8-2 OUR FRAME or REFERENCE
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`onrlyxmyg is ma! “*1:filfélfl:12 early stages. _0ur motivation to tnserhatttt
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`'5“ 1“-°d“°°d-‘At the some time. the knowledge about tlt¢°bl°“
`9|‘-‘
`in knowledge is characterized ill‘
`will "'lf0fl1'tation into hand‘ information. By 80“ 35””
`qualitative information that stems lr-3"“
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`129
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`designer's judgment and experience whereas hard information tends to be
`mgctl on scientilic principles and to he tttorc quantttatttvt: In nature. Ciivcrt
`mi»; nature of design itilorntattiort. what
`it concurrent design approach
`mcllittttes is ‘to know‘ more about the desigtt early on. that is. ittcrcusc in
`q.1;;lit;t|i\«'c ratio of hard to soft information. This reinlivc irnprovemettl
`in
`the quality olinlorntution is expected to lead to equivalent or better tlesigns
`that are uotttplcted in less urnc and :31 lC.‘iS cost than those designed using 8
`trttditionul .-tcq uentiztl process.
`£.‘omp.trcd to traditional engittecring design in which :;_vrtthesis of the
`product plays the central role. the dominant fcttturc in concurrent engineer-
`mg is the synthesis. of the process which includes design. tnunnfucture und
`support aspects]. With the syntliesi.-t of the process.
`it
`is expected that the
`rynthcsis of the prod ucl will lbllotv n:.t1urttl|_v. Ccrtuinlv some uspccls ol' the
`design are by necessity pursued sequentially. For cltumplc. the preliminttry
`design event will generally follow the conceptual design event. What we
`t1tc:tn specifit.‘:tll}' by the synthesis of the process and concurrent design is
`that the dctrisiuns that can be .\ll't'll..|llilI"l|..'I.‘J|..|5i}' resolved arc‘ sirnultatncously
`resolved. lttdced. what we seek is it holistic integrated model that yields :1
`:iOlullOti to all of the relevant decisions sltnultttncously.
`Given this argument anti as evidenced by the host of dcrtiglt rcscttrch
`inititttivcs being undertaken worldwide. dcstgn scicttcc is on emerging
`discipline and the attitudes tomtrd design are cltatttging. The luttdatnctttul
`reasons for this can be attrihuted to two .\;i[lgl..ll:ll‘ events: at new emphasis on
`_tystcms thinking. and the pervasive presence of computers. However. inde-
`pendent of the approaches or ntctltod.-; used to plan. establish gottlti and
`model systems;
`tlesigtters are and will continue to be involved in two
`Primary activities. namely. processing symbols and making decisions. So.
`wltut characterizes a decision?
`The characteristics of decisions are governed by the chttrttcteristic.-t of
`design at real-life cnginccrittg systents. These cltuructcristic.-t may. in part, be
`summarized by the following descriptive sentences:
`I Decisions involve information that comes frotn different sources and
`disciplines;
`I Decisions are governed by multiple measures of merit and performance;
`0 lllil the information required to make :1 decision may not he i1\r'itll‘:tblI..'I
`| home of the information used in making .1 decision may be hard and
`some mlorrntttion may be soft; and
`'|hc problem for which at decision is being made is irtvatriabty loosely
`defined and open.
`
`Virtually‘ none of the decisions are chttrttcterizcd by .1 singular. unique
`5°‘!-“‘0I1. The decision solutions tire less
`than optimal and are called
`5‘”'_5“'~'lT|E solutions.
`“Om a decision-buscd design perspective. decisions help bridge the
`ship between an Idea and reality. They serve as markers and units of
`
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`believe that perhaps t
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`Processes themselves.
`
`3.3 THE DECISION SUPPORT PROBLEM TECHNIQUE
`gar ;':fl:m¢:|la'l;:.)fl of decision-based design can take diiientnt Ittttn-iii
`being devciii 0:?
`"’.° ‘*"""""" '5UVP°ri Problem technique tD3.1’tii=
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`"“d_'"1Plf-'7'!“-‘n_ied. at the University of Houston. to innit
`three pfinci
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`In dcstgttirtg systems. Tltc DSPT 00$ Ii
`“ appmacza !.c°"_1p°n‘_’“'js‘ 3 ‘R5187! philosophy rooted in systentstltittht
`maps,‘ and mor Idenut}-mg and formulating decision support---pmbin
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`3 5"PP0rhng software. DSIDES. The DSPT comprises-I
`' namely‘ a mel“*d35iBl'| phase and a computer-based design |1lIfl
`32:11:-idE§ign is 3‘ m°ml°"‘3i Process of designing systems that itittfttflfi
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`Place on meta is derived from the work of Klir [Klit Iiii
`meta can have three meanings:
`
`-
`
`unplcrttcntcd in Phase II. in Pltaratr ll ldcsign]. tnajor decisitnns are modcleld
`_,_.- f)SP,~. and solutions to these [)SP-s are sought. Phase I of the IJSP1 Is
`l1EI5t.'t.l on the primary axioms of DB0. These axioms map the particttlar
`dcsien tasks to cltaractertstic decisions and provide :1 domain-independent
`[1-;uT;LI“'ufk for the rcprcscnttltioit and processing of domain relevurtt design
`ititurnration Iliamal. I990]-
`
`Existence of decisions in the DSPT
`.-tvtiom I
`The application of the DS PT results in the identification of decisions
`associated with the system (and st.tbs_\=stcms that rtiag.-' be relevant).
`
`Antoni-3 Type of decisions in the DSPT
`Ml decisions identified in the DSPT are categorized as Selection,
`Compromise. or 11 combination of these.
`
`Selection and compromise are rel'erI'ed to as primary decisions. All other
`dccii-“tons which are represented as at combination of these are idcntilieti its
`dented decisions. The selection decision.
`in the context of the DSPI. is
`dciincd as follows.
`
`The selection dccitiion
`Definition—l
`The selection decision is the process of making a choice between is
`number of possibilities taking into account a number of measures of
`merit or attributes.
`
`The emphasis in selection is on the acceptance of certain ulternzitivcs
`through the rejection of others. The goal of selection in design is to rr.-duce
`the alternatives to a realistic and manageable number based on ditTcrr.-111
`measures of merit. These measures. called attributes. represent the functional
`requirements and may not all be tllcquztl importance. Some of the attributes
`may be quantified using hard information and others may be quantified
`using soft information. Similarly, the compromise decision. in the context or
`the DSPT. is defined as follows.
`
`DI:tinition—2 The compromise decision
`The compromise decision requires that the 'right‘ values (or combina-
`tioni oidesign variables be found to describe the best satisticing system
`“W811 with respect to constraints nnd rnuitiplc goals.
`
`_ The emphasis in compromise IS on modification and change tc.g.. dimen-
`“"“i*l Wnthesisl by making appropriate tradeol’fs based on criteria relevant
`I" "1" f°‘*“ib*l51.\' and performance of the systen1.
`The second axiom is explained using set notation. The set of all primary
`‘W-‘i|<llr|s
`in thc. DSPT is given by. Decfsiort==-:S.C:" where S denotes
`Selection and C denotes (Tomprnmise. All derived decisions result from
`"Pe|‘fl1iuns on this set. some derived decisions are illustrated in Fig. 8.1. The
`“““Pli=d selection-compromise decision [Fig. 3.19)
`is represented by the
`
`.
`
`
`
`_'._
`
`3 at,‘,,m_,_
`
`. X is a prercqttisite ofrnfllflxi
`-
`_
`_.
`.
`T|1~‘-.1-I X indicates that X changes and is a general nalflf-'°””
`ab.‘ E" __,
`.
`_
`_
`i
`' mm X “aha” l5"P¢|'i¢3T 30) X in the sense that it isntotihgi
`-9.l‘£3!li;zed_'.
`_
`-
`_.
`.
`mghw “B1031 type or viewed from an ertlargcd WWW
`
`

`
`I32
`
`A :t'¢'('t'.siiJi1-ha_um’ upprnm-J‘:
`PRIMARY DECISIONS
`
`SELECHON
`
`COMPROHISE
`
`DEFINED DECISIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`oouvmuese
`
`i
`r
`
`
`
`
`
`(33
`
`CGUIJFSCI 5election."comprom.,c;e
`
`
`
`‘bl
`‘ig. 8.!
`
`COUDIGU Selection,-"salesman
`
`E"”mPh3=" Or derived c1:.*::i>:iun.-;.
`
`3 land (' arc cmttainud in the set DI'{"J_§]l\l|
`“'h$‘T€
`action .-ac action dc::i-mntFi
`R Ibt'-
`-
`.1}.-
`.
`In
`'
`I
`H.
`E g.
`..
`I:- rL}'|t':.sLt!tc
`I.
`[he 0 ml
`CS5‘? 55?‘: 258.5}. A |'ItLl‘dI'L‘hlt:‘£!l decision ihg‘ gm ,'5 33pm-L.m1h_._
`DSPS
`d_m~ -
`Jl \I_-here SS 15 as dclmcti above. The cliicttcv mi" usinstuouplcd
`A mm"'a;‘~"5l°,dA“ fKafandtk:1r. at a!.. l')9|: Karurtdtkatr and Mislrcc. I991!
`J’
`I Mom--I and Axiont 2 links the decisions to 1)SP~.
`C°'°“‘*'>' *0 Axiom I and Axiom 1
`
`.
`_ ..
`Axigm _3
`The descriptnrmdm md"'P°!1Llr.'-n-2:: of DSP descriptors and keywurds
`independent WEE“: ‘5“3S'“-'0rds used to model D5 Ps need to he diminu-
`
`rt mdcpcndcnce of the means In re-sulvc USP.»
`supportlnced to Scd m "’5“""’ D595 [to actually ['Jr0\"ldt'.‘ decision
`'
`'
`'
`P9l'Idct'tI with respect to prm:csscfi If-F
`- maintenance) and disciplines I-.-.g.. m0€h3“i"-
`
`'
`
`'§t’.J]Llli.Cil1 lccftntqutzs tu_'.g._ ltncur
`.-hittm--1 {Tm} SI2t:t’t'I $L‘1i-{Evident as 1’tt;1n_\'
`i'm§Tf|flIl11iI1g. nunlmcar upttntizzttimt and expert systcntsl
`:1r:: atpplicttbli:
`“‘ Pfvblcms
`[mm different dtttnuins. Hot;-uu.‘r.
`this cnnditiuit supple-
`tntntfi stxinm--3 by stating th:Il dt?L‘i:a'it.!tl support nmdcls using domain-
`"'*1€Nnt1ent
`L'Dtt.s'l1'I.I£'l5
`ahnuid
`ht:
`suit-cd
`lI‘t
`it donutit:-intlcpcitdcitt
`manner
`
`To tuuilimtc the dcqign at cngiitccring 5}-'hl<3IIt.*-. our upprnztclt is to make
`itttiliahic tools tctnulogotts
`tn the pazlcltc of it painter!
`that
`it hum:1n
`‘j¢‘5|8DI'—f can use in 1-an-inns cvcnts oi the design ttrncitnc. Tht: decision
`support
`ttrnhlem tcchniqtte palette wits Iirst puhiishcd in tMistrcu ct
`i:t'..
`_l_'””J- 5l'|'l1i.' rciinernt.-nl and expansion of the concept occurred and tin:
`“\"”‘”_“ Palette is fully ticsacribcd in IBra.-.'- and Mistrcc.
`l99|I. The pttlctts:
`::U—:Il1§_thrt:e difibrenl classcs oi" cntitics.
`I't;1rI‘1c|}.'. putcntial suppurt pmb—
`]hw‘_~'::'l11Tt'ltjs._b:iau entities ‘and _tr;ii1sn1ts.~‘inn t3I“II!lICS. Fin: icuns reprcscittlng
`'-
`WI-‘Pr drc shown in Fig. 5.2. A mou.‘1t:| or 1'tt:t\=t'nrk of it
`;'\rnccss 13
`"W95 '7)
`-:0nm:i.-ting entities in :1
`systematic fashion. An ctttcnsivt:
`
`
`
`Thy d(!('r'$i'nn \'ti_r=pm'r _rIrmi‘rt':’.'H'l n:n'1itiqrt:"
`
`I33
`
`in T.'I|11c .‘<.l an: the |i:c_v\\nrd.- and dust.‘-ripIur.w i-vi-itictnietl
`Summarim.-{I
`with the .'iClL'(.'»i.II.3I'| aml
`::.m'n|1m|nisc D.‘5I’:4.
`'Il1:: kL'_\'\\l‘rI‘dh (in:
`tin:
`‘t-crh-;'
`[hm ¢|;p_;_»-.;'[_\- rhmttltlt
`rcicxzint
`ir1I'nrm:ttim1. and itirstlliit
`thu rt.'l:II|itl1't'.I‘tt|'1'u
`hwm_.n “ml
`infm-nmiioiu,
`In this I}Sl’s Iisluti
`Ill T'.i|'t1¢ H21.
`the kt-_\'t.-tursi
`‘mt.-u|1‘is u hc;tdit1[1 ttndcr which the h.'lt.‘I\'gI't‘l1fI(1 or krtmtit :|1I't.\nn:tItu|1 is
`l«_mup¢d_ Kc_v\mrd.-s cInhm1_\'
`in titcm.-aches thu duntnirt
`intlcpcttdtsitt ‘pm-
`L-L«,|u;;;|Lg|1n\t'Icdgt“‘ fur I)Si’s. I)c<CrIptu.irs an-. ubtccts nI'guItizx:d Ulldcf lllu
`;cict';tnl
`ku:_vwurd.~e withirt
`thc USP i:.trrt:u|:ttinn.
`.'\_t_.{dI|"l.
`the)
`ztixn help
`:;3n_\'fi!i'l'I'l
`the prnhicnt
`irnm itx tJi.\Ci[3iiltt.' npcctltt‘ I.lt.‘.‘it.'l'i'pI'i.t1l'l
`to it
`tii~u:i-
`plinc iitdcpcndmt rcprc:;unta|tt:.m. Fur c.\i..tn1ptc.
`to SCICCI
`it tmttcriul lt:.~iI1_L’
`the .v.‘tct"tii\rt
`l).‘iPt hztscti nn "~t1'(.'Tt_t_!lI'|. cnlnr .ll"|d cost. the rnutcriul choice:
`:in: iixlctt :15 ‘:t1tcrI1:1ti\-“cs” and the 5:.'ict:Itm1 criteria KIN" ‘.ttIrihutcx".
`l)::.~.t.'rip-
`]fll$ n:prc.w‘cnt
`'dec|;1ra|ti\-c knrwt.'icdgc‘['tR1i:I1.
`IUHF}.
`
`Table IL! DSI’ |:c_\'m\rd-s '.tnu.|
`
`(In:~'«.'r1']'It-n.~
`
`DSP
`51:14:-mun
`
`Lhmpruitti-‘ac
`
`K:‘_|'u'nr;."_s
`(_i:\'L‘t:
`istcilttig.
`
`RitlL'
`R tint.
`(iiu:-I1
`|"iI1t|
`
`Srtltsf}
`
`Dam rig-Inn
`L".'mdi-.i.'r't:: .|Jtt'rrr.tltw."-
`.-\lIt"tl|tItI.‘.\
`Rt.'I.'1l1\-I.‘ Iinpnrt::uL‘c
`.\|tt‘rrt;itIn'5 \\.[.1. uttrihutus
`Unjct of prctbrcttcu
`lnll-rm-nlmn
`St.-.lL'nt \:Irru["|Jc:t
`Dctntttnn v:Iriuh|ct-
`."}_\-.\ta:m t:0n\ir'.ti:1ls
`5-_\ iif.-t'.m §_‘f.3uI3
`I}:-untit.
`Vfiliilltilt‘ I};-v1'.'ttmn 'rtlt1.L'Eltlil—j_.
`
`
`
`

`
`A ¢.I'r*t't'.\‘tt:.at—h:t.».1-wt’ uppmm-ti;
`
`Thai’ d£'rt'st'nn .s-ttppnrr prrrMrrrr tc-t'!tttt},rrtr
`
`DSPT palette entities
`//ta
`Potential sun-non
`Base entities
`Transmission
`f.}fOb|8F|'| BITIMBS
`entities
`
`System
`vttrtrsble
`Auxtltary
`Daranteter
`
`Analytrcal
`relattonshtp
`Condittonal
`relattortshtp
`Ltmtting
`relattonship
`
`Infctrrn I
`'1' 0"
`
`Enarg-ta
`
`Mam?‘
`
`lnformatton ~
`9“E*9‘t'
`
`lnlttnttatton -
`mama:
`
`Energy 1»
`matte: _
`
`tnfotmattan «
`energv ‘
`ma [lat
`
`Preltrninary
`selection
`
`taxamplc using the
`1990}.
`
`Wlclle in the design In! at frigutt: is giwtt III tM15Irt:v:.c1-‘IL
`
`A dmttgncr working within the DSPT Itats tltc Itccdttttt to use suhmudcte
`U-r fiubncmmks "I 3 ‘3"’*5E'1 r-mew.-ss created and stored rw mttcrs [Pm*"‘F‘
`'7-We '"}‘d_‘='5.| itndfor to create origimtl models of the intcntjcd plant of :tctwI'-
`ldeSc“p[“""' m“d‘313}- The icons can e-:t.-ailv atccntntuotlzztc tiilfcrcnt trsttlttiuttt
`and cultures nd should not ht: tctmsidcrc-Ed Iirnttcd to [he examples fIl't‘h'«Cl'l1¢'v5
`herein. Further is-
`-
`2
`.-
`.
`.
`.
`-
`..
`|-
`an_,.dismmed in
`::s:;ct.t:t[;;10;tt:h denlgntntl ntodcis nt’ dtstgn Prm 9!:
`In Phattvx ll nT'Il1c DSPT
`he focus is on strttcturing and so|t=ing the D5P’_
`lhfll corrcspo
`'
`l
`“.6 l° the dflcisiuns tdcnttticd in Pltasu ]. Th: orguniz.-tttun U4
`min mt H l io
`11 wtth keywords and ttescripmrs results in .1 ttent:r:tI kttow!cd_E=
`"?F'.T¢5¢n.Iation sclwme with an
`associated sense ml’ data uhstructtott. Uiiflf
`‘be k¢YW0¥ds and d
`"15°TiP10r:i from Table 8.1. the selection DSP is W"9'a“‘i
`as follows.
`
`_
`(it\'Cn'
`A srct ttl‘ t:attdidaI.c .’1llcI'I1tilt\'i':~.
`,
`ldcntifl’
`_
`_
`The prtrtctpul ultrthttlcx tItt1t|t'rtt.'tItt: sclclcttttn.
`The rt:|::litt: intpnrlatttct: t1I':Jllrthttlt-5.
`_
`Rate
`_
`The :t1tt:rt'tttti\'c.-, wtlh respect In their &lI[1'Ihll'|It.'~i.
`R.-ml:
`in urdcr tut" prcthrcttcc httscd un Iltc wtttptttcd
`The '.IJtcrtt:tti\'c.~'.
`mcrtt futtctinn vulttcs.
`
`'.\EEIlCt|
`
`Itt
`
`\\('trl.l.\t tin lttlim-t-st:
`
`gtmtm-|_t-,t]1c contprtttttittsz USP pi
`CIj\t‘n
`»\n a1tcrn:ttt\'c ll) ht: imprm-ct] thrttttgh ntnt!ific:ttimt_
`:\$5t1mpIt'um uaul Lu mmicl tht: dumitln nf 1f'tllZFtL'?i1.
`The s_\'st-tcnt p:tr;tntt:tcr~'. tlixcd \';1ri;1b|C%I.
`The constraints: and goals for tlu: ticatgtt.
`Find
`Tht‘ indcpcttdcnt s}t'slt:nt
`phtsicttl ztttrthttlcrsl
`Tht: 1JtJ\«'t:}li.t!l1 vatritthlcs t.:1illt.‘*-i
`I_:0;J|‘.« atrc ;tchtt:'.'cd I.
`S.'tt't»‘-ft‘
`The :i_\~'$lCll'l ctmslrtttttts that must bu stttislit-ti for the wltttitttt tn he
`Fcastthlc.
`
`\';tt't.'al.'-In vnlttcs [lhc_\' tlt:.\'t:riht- the :t:'tif;tcl's
`
`tl|tc_\ Indiutttc thc cxlcnt In wfuch the
`
`Tht: s_vstct11 goals that rmtfit E1CI'IlC\.'L'.lt'r the t’.‘X'[t.'T1l pm-5-ih1c.tt HPCt'm¢l'
`target valtn:
`The lower and upper hottntk on Iht: ~a_t-.~att'r'rt vztriultlcs tutti hmsndfi on
`the {it?l'i;ilit\fI \-‘3l't:lb|t.'5.
`tuttnimizc
`ttf the
`tttt:;t.~‘-Ltrt: of tht: dfltttltott
`is ;t
`The dt'\-'l3Ilt.'In functttm that
`-‘.\‘stIcm peril‘-rnt:tncc from that tntnltctl by the -‘cl ttf goals and IhL‘t1'
`ilfififlctiilliij prmrit_\_'
`level.-2 (Ir rclattit-‘c vt't.'tgItt§.
`
`fiinot: the selection D5? L-mt be rcforrntt}2tIt:d as 21 tstwnprutttisc USP. the
`='“mDtumt.~:¢ USP is c<.ttt_~aiticri'd Iltc prtttcipul Inulhumulical IJSPT l'm'mt.tI;t—
`1tttr.tBtt5cur'.tnt*t m'.. I989}. Tht:-' trttttwfttrttmtion of selection In tztttnprnmiw
`""‘k"5 *1 I‘1‘!is"-his to fumtttltttt: and solve cttttplctt sclcctitttt
`.\'«C|Cl..‘IlUll D$f’.-
`"”“1 ':"”I‘lt:ti
`.‘~t'|I.‘L:1it)[1-I.‘I.’I[‘!][')t“m'£]i!i(.’ l)S|’.\ txmith. v: m'., 1987: Kurundtkur.
`W.‘-*3: Rttscarun.
`I990}.
`lndt:ctl. an tttlgtncttltztl ctttttprmttisc D31" is Llficd In
`‘um '**“}'liCf1‘-'t:d decision. Tltt:rL‘I't.1rc._1t:I us cxnntiltc the tttttlcrpinnlttgs For
`rhclmalhcmttlicgtl fttrmttlztliott of the wntprtttttisc D5 P.
`1h<: {Il_1!I'1pi't1n"li!\'I2' DSP fnrntttlttttttn is
`it
`tnultitthjcctivc pm;-.r-amnting
`"'°‘i"' which We Consider tu be ;t hybrid Fnrtnultttion tMistrt:c t't tut. 19‘.§2l.
`'1
`'”““'P”V='IT.t‘fi CUl1t.‘I.‘[1lEi from hath tr:tdttit'-nut mattitt-n1:ttica11 pmgruttttning
`
`

`
`_
`
`Thxn-1':-.‘:.~a:mI mpgmrr pmJ'1|'m:: tn'hm'.pw
`
`U7
`
`the
`
`the -_,5f.ir;:1ion space} and than \\'|'1Iuh lI£I!'|. he a1c|1ic\'c:J his nmdciu.-(I h_\'
`.]¢n.ign «pawl.
`t“nn1I‘ruIni.\c {’JSI".~. arc \\'1‘I!lL'I1.. In guI1r:I'.':]. 1:1 1.l.'Tll'J§-' 01 u ‘i)'5[x_'I}} \'ur1;1hhs.'.
`nu. .,L-;_-[gr of mrmblux. X ['|'I:-I} im.‘iu4.h‘ L.‘l‘I1||1'|Ul‘lJ.\ »::r1uh|c.~. and 'hm'uh:;n1 I]
`if '['R[;|j_ II
`if 1'.-\l.SI-III
`\:nr1”.ahIcs.. Eiyslurut x-.|I'mh|::.~ arc imlcpcndciul of the
`usherdcscriptur-;u:1tl can he chungcd In nltcr Ihc st'.|lcn!'ll1c .*i_\-'5[L'I‘|l.
`.\.‘_\'~alcnI
`I..:ri:1h1L'< that Licline thc pI'1_\s.n;;11 -.Lm‘ihu1u~. 0]
`.111 .'1r:iI':1ci
`I11u~.'I he pne.'m\::.
`\:i\_!sI\‘l'I1 cunxlraint mmlcl»; .: Iumi Ilmt :~ pIm.'L-d on Its: Limgn. The at’! u!"
`qxtcnh cunv-tra1nl~_< 11‘m.~a1 bu :..1I:.~»I'1cd lhr the 1'c;:.~.1h1]|t_\ of 1|1c dc.~:gn_ ;\'l'.1th-
`Q‘-|'}1;:|t1:,‘:11}_\-'_ n_\r":»leI\I c.m-utruilltu arc l'um;IIum uf .x'_w.ln.:|11 \;1r':::hl-.‘.x' uni}. TI1-\:_i.
`m rigid and no uniallum urn:
`.nl1m\'cd_ Th;-3 rulaiu Ihs: L|crn'.1m.i p1'.1u::r.| nu
`lhc ea_\s.-mm. INK]. In Uh.‘ u'.:p:Ih1l:1_\' 0|" the ~_\'sl::m.
`(.‘I_\'I.
`'l'hc sci mi" \_\.'\ilC|'I1
`\.'I.1I'I..'il[;1111l.\ 1‘lI:i._\' hr ".1 mix u!" |i1'IL".J| and I1nn|i13L".u'
`|‘uncLmn:~. In cI1g':ncs:rIn;_'
`pmhlums lint: 5}:-lcrn cm1sIr'.hnl>'. am: in\.'LrI.:hl_\ LnuquuJ|t1'c.x. I-Imxcxer. m:s;n—
`amuse requiring cqu'.|I1'I_\.'
`.»_\'~alcm cm}.-a1r.unt~.
`|'r1u_\' nriw.
`I114: rcgiuI1nH'c:mh1|-
`ll} dclincd hg lhc 9_\.'~'l:_'l'I‘l cs.nmr;:|I11.~;
`In mlluzl the I'::u.~;Ib|c xicnign space.
`.-‘\.'v:In1'.w"\'.-.lcn1 goals is uncd in rnmlul the u.~'g11r.':tmn :1 dcxignur huh. Ihr H10
`du:\:ign
`It
`rc];m'.~4 Ills: gnu]. ('i,. of ths: dc~'1-__-ncr In the Alctuui pcrI':.1rm;:ncc_
`-\,I.\(:, at" {he :i_\'SIC1"I‘l Wllh rcspcci
`to thc g,{n'.[l. Thu i|I:'rI:tl1m1 mrhuhlr is
`Intrnducul as .1
`tnL‘:1!~'LIn: of '.Iu.'hIr.'\cmL‘I':I
`.*&im.‘L‘ wc mmld TILL‘ tin:
`\-'.LluL‘ U!"
`-\,IKI1u cqLr.J.l (J,-. (Q0115-lrulnm}_: lhc duvnmml \;1:'I;1Mt.‘.x It‘: be I‘mn—nr:piIli\'u.
`|h:: .-.}.~.'I::n1 goal hccnnu-.~;:
`
`when:
`
`.’\,{X]*d,_ -— -.1,‘
`(I,
`'-.1,‘
`
`'— [i.2 F: |..
`_—Ir -.md Ll.
`
`..m
`.d.‘ _>.l'!.
`
`lc.'I.~I um: vi" Ihs: duxaaliun
`-J.‘ _-(ILL-11<.:1{L'-é that LII
`111;’ prnducl l.‘u[].HIT:Ii|'ll Id,
`'-.m:1b1c.~' Eur ".1 p;11"m'u]ar goal will uh\'::_\'~. hu: acrn. H ihc pmhicnl is suivcil
`uw'iI1g'.: wrlcx :m|uliun sL'|'IcInc zua u !'I1;I'|l{.'I' cal‘ L-mam: than Lh1.~ cum|i1|nI1 :2».
`:1utnm,:tn;:J.]]_\ >.ut|~sIi.,u|.
`Hounds are specific [1I‘|llI.\' plalccd vn lhc nnlglliludc of each n!" the «_\:~l::|n
`um! LIL"Ii.iI1.jUT'l \;uiub1a:.~. Iiuclt maria-.h|:: }1;1>.;1.w.-ci;nlc-J with H .1 lower and an
`“PW bu!-Ind
`liuuiuls am.‘ 1mpun.'Int
`for mmiuljng rcul-us mld 5'-rohlcnw
`hcc'.:ux'v: they p:'n\'u'i:: :5 mc:m:< In Imltnic Ihx: ::.\pcrict1L‘L‘-bus::d _iudgr11I.'I11 nf u
`Rh-Wilfilrier in [he Ilmlhenuailzctai I'nrmululmn_
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