27th Edition
`
`Illustrated in Color
`
`1élfe LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS £5 \X/iLKiNs
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`ALL 2005
`ARGENTUM PHARMACEUTICALS V. ALLERGAN
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`Copyright by William Wood and Company: 1911, 1st ed.; 1912, 2nd ed.; 1914, 3rd ed.; 1916, 4th ed.;
`1918, 5th ed.; 1920, 6th ed.; 1922, 7th ed.; 1924, 8th ed.; 1926, 9th ed.; 1928,10th ed.; 1930, 11th ed.
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`Copyright©by Williams & Wilkins: 1933, 12th ed.; 1935, 13th ed.; 1939, 14th ed.; 1942, 15th ed.; 1946,
`16th ed.; 1949, l7t11 ed.; 1953, 18th ed.; 1957, 19th ed.; 1961, 20th ed.; 1966, 21st ed.; 1972, 22nd ed.;
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`resulting from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general
`principles of medical care which should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients.
`Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, in-
`cluding contraindications, dosages and precautions.
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Stedman, Thomas Lathrop, 1853-1938.
`Sted1nan’s medical dictionary.——~27th ed.
`p.; cm.
`ISBN 0-683—40007—X (regular)—-~-ISBN 0-683-40008-8 (deluxe)
`1. Medicine—Dictionaries.
`I. Title: Medical dictionary.
`11. Title.
`[DNLM:
`1. Medieine——Dictionary———Englis11. W 13 S812m 1999]
`R121 .S8 1999
`610'.3——dc2l
`
`99—056094
`
`000102030405
`12345
`
`2
`
`

`
`theory
`
`theory
`
`ies inhibit oxida-
`
`esia.
`
`rility of the cell
`ions of aliphatic
`
`the ape from a
`
`lie region of the
`ibration depends
`‘e t. of hearing.
`
`fully formed in
`ption. SEE ALSO
`ncasement t.
`d, and absorbed
`1 and subatomic
`'N Planck t.
`31 that individri-
`tages similar in
`passed through
`hat ontogeny is
`biogenetic law,
`ion.
`o explain how
`
`that in human
`er similar, to zi
`
`of an impulse
`to which the
`
`of the cochlea
`mes activating
`'ating it in the
`ieded by von
`hearing.
`lly disproved;
`e in it, but it
`
`ie postulation
`a transforma-
`ial shift from
`‘ed to object-
`behavior and
`
`Si surface ex-
`the antigenic
`imulated, the
`become the
`
`1 by a muta-
`gcrm cells),
`sed prolifer-
`
`the heart of
`itrilations of
`iuently cited
`sus to form
`eved by the
`
`ting that in
`1 a manner
`
`h lower the
`l and cause
`
`the cochlea
`equenuy of
`
`die impulses transmitted over the auditory nerve fibers corre-
`sponds to the frequency of the sound vibrations, and is the sole
`basis for pitch discrimination; a t. no longer tenable. see ALSO
`traveling wave t.
`thermodynamic t. of narcosis, that the interposition of narcotic
`molecules in uonaqueous cellular phase causes changes that inter-
`fere with facilitation of ionic exchange.
`traveling wave t., generally held t. that a wave travels from the
`base to the apex of the basilar membrane of the cochlea in re-
`sponse to acoustic stimulation, and that the site of maximal dis-
`placement of the basilar membrane depends on the frequency of
`the stimulating tone with higher frequencies causing maximal
`displacement near the base and lower frequencies causing maxi-
`mal displacement near the apex.
`van’t Hoff t., that substances in dilute solution obey the gas laws.
`Cf. van’t Hoff law.
`Vvarburg t., that the development of cancer is due to irreversible
`damage to the respiratory mechanism of cells,
`leading to the
`selective multiplication of cells with increased glycolytic metabo-
`lism, both aerobic. and anaerobic.
`Wullaston t., a t. that the semidecussation of the optic nerves at
`the chiasm is proved by the homonymous hemianopia seen in
`brain lesions.
`that there are three
`Young-Helmholtz t. of color vision, a t.
`color-perceiving elements in the retina: red, green, and blue. Per-
`ception of other colors arises from the combined stimulation of
`these elements; deficiency or absence of any one of these ele-
`ments results in inability to perceive that color and a inispercep-
`tion of any other color of which it forms a part. sum Helmholtz t.
`of color vision.
`
`
`the-o-ther-a-py (the-6-t1rar’Zi—pé). Treatment of disease by prayer
`or religious exercises. [G. theas, god, + thmzipeia, therapy]
`théque (tek). A nest or aggregation of nevocytes in the epidermis.
`[Fr. a small box]
`2. SYN
`thera-peursis (thfir-5—pfi_’1sis). 1. SYN lb:
`P.Y-
`.
`
`ther-»a-peu»tic (rhar-5-pfi’iik). Relating to therapeutics or to the
`treatment, remediating, or curing of a disorder or disease.
`[G.
`therapeutikos]
`ther-a-peurtics (ther-5-pfi’tiks). The practical branch of medicine
`concerned with the treatment of disease or disorder. syn therapeu-
`sis (1), therapia (2). LG. therapeuriki, medical practice]
`ray t., obsolete term for radiotherapy.
`suggestive t., treatment of disease or disorder by means of sug-
`gestion.
`ther-a-peu-tist (thar-a-pi“i’tist). An older term to denote one
`skilled in therapeutics.
`the-ra-pia (that-5—pE’5). 1. SYN ll*.rr:=i>},/. 2. SYN W’
`fr. G. therapeia, therapy]
`t. mag’na sterilfsans, Ehrlich concept that an infectious disease,
`especially one of protozoal 011'gin, can be cured by one large dose
`of a suitable remedy, large enough to sterilize all the tissues and
`to destroy the microorganism contained therein.
`ther-a-pist (th:'ir’:Ti-pist). One professionally trained and/or skilled
`in the practice of a particular type of therapy.
`
`THERAPY
`
`therapy (thcr-Ei—pé). 1. The treatment of disease or disorder by
`any method. see ALSO therapeutics. 2. In psychiatry, and clinical
`psychology, a short term for psychotherapy. SEE ALSO psychother-
`apy, psychiatry, psychology, psychoanalysis. SYN therapeusis (2),
`therapia (I).
`[G. therapeia, medical treatment]
`alkali t., see alkalitherapy.
`analytic t., short term for psychoanalytic t.
`
`therapy
`
`t. with serum obtained from the patient’s own
`
`the use of anticoagulant drugs to reduce 01'
`anticoagulant t.,
`prevent intravascular or intracardiac clotting.
`anti.-tense L, use of antisense DNA for the inhibition of transcrip-
`tion or translation of a specific gene or gene product for therapeu-
`tic purposes.
`autoserum t.,
`blood.
`aversion L, a form of behavior t. that pairs an unpleasant stimulus
`with undesirable behavior(s) so that the patient learns to avoid the
`latter. SEE ALSO aversive trrzining.
`behavior L, an offshoot of psychotherapy involving die Lise of
`proeedines and techniques associated with research in the fields
`of conditioning and learning for the treatment of a variety of
`psychologic conditions; distinguished from psychotherapy be-
`cause specific symptoms (e.g., phobia, enuresis, high blood pres-
`sure) are selected as the target for change, planned interventions
`or remedial steps to extinguish or modify these symptoms are
`then employed, and the progress of changes is continuously and
`quantitatively monitored. sans systematic de.rens'i'IizaIi0ri. SYN con-
`ditioning t.
`client-centered t., a system of nondirective psychotherapy based
`on the assumption that the client (patient) both has the internal
`resources to improve and is in the best position to resolve his or
`her own personality dysfunction, provided that the therapist can
`establish a permissive, accepting, and genuine atmosphere in
`which the client feels free to discuss problems and to obtain
`insight into them in order to achieve self—actualization.
`cognitive t., any of a variety of techniques in psychotherapy that
`utilizes guided self-discovery, imaging, self-instruction, symbolic
`modeling, and related forms of explicitly elicited cognitions as the
`principal mode of treatment.
`collapse t.,
`the surgical
`treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
`whereby the diseased lung is placed, totally or partially, tempo-
`raiily or permanently, in a nonfunctional respiratory state of re-
`traction and immobilization. Now rarely performed.
`conditioning t., SYN bet
`in 7.
`conjoint t., a type of t. in which a therapist sees the two spouses,
`or parent and child, or other partners together in joint sessions.
`convulsive t., SYN
`:
`cytoreductive t., t. with the intention of reducing the number of
`cells in a lesion, usually a malignancy.
`depot t., injection of a drug together with a substance that slows
`the release and prolongs the action of the drug.
`diatliermic t., treatment of various lesions by diathermy.
`directly observed t., visual monitoring by a health care worker of
`ingestion of medications,
`to ensure compliance in difficult or
`long-term regimens, such as in oral treatment for tuberculosis; a
`contentious aspect of some WHO programs.
`.
`electroconvulsive t. (ECT), svrsi ::
`o» .
`electroshock t. (ECT), a form of treatment of mental disorders in
`which convulsions are produced by the passage of an electric
`current through the brain, SYN convulsive t., electroconvulsivc t.
`electrotherapeutic sleep t.,
`treatment by inducing sleep by
`means of nonconvulsive electri
`stimulation of the brain.
`
`t., administration of sex hormones to
`estrogen replacement
`women after menopause or oophorectomy. SYN hormone replace-
`ment t.
`
`Administration of estrogen after natural or surgical meno-
`pause reverses atrophic vaginitis, relieves vasomotor hista-
`bility (“hot flashes”), lowers LDL cholesterol, raises I-IDL
`cholesterol, reduces the risk of osteoporosis and colorectal
`cancer, and may retard onset and progression of parkin-
`sonism, Alzheimer dementia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
`Observational studies have found lower rates of coronary
`artery disease (CAD) in postmenopausal women taking
`estrogen, but clinical trials have not confirmed this effect.
`A large randomized study of postmenopausal women with
`established CAD showed no difference between women
`taking estrogen-progeslogen and controls in the inciclencc
`of fatal and nonfatal myocardial
`infarction, congestive
`heart failure, stroke, and in total mortality. In limited stud-
`
`3