Publication No. 10-2007-0055845
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`(19) KOREAN INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE (KR)
`(12) PATENT PUBLICATION GAZETTE (A)
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`(51) Int. Cl.
`H04B 1/69 (2006.01)
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`(11) Publication No.: 10-2007-0055845
`(43) Publication Date: May 31, 2007
`10-2005-0114306
`November 28, 2005
`None
`LG Electronics Co., LTD.
`20 Yeouido-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul
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`HAN, Seung Hee
`42-35 Yeokchon1-dong, Eunpyung-gu, Seoul
`NOH, Min Seok
`211, studio Miraegio 2F, Kuro3-dong, Kuro-gu, Seoul
`YOON, Young Woo
`114-1502 Doosan Apt., Bongcheonbon-dong Kwanak-gu, Seoul
`KWON, Young Hyun
`402 Smilevill, 103-6 Yuljeon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon-city,
`Gyeonggi-do
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`KIM, Yong In,
`SIM, Chang Seop
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`(21) Filing No.
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`(22) Filing Date
`Date of request for examination
`(73) Applicant
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`(72) Inventors
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`(74) Attorney
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`Number of claims: 20 in total
`(54) CODE SEQUENCE GENERATION METHOD, SIGNAL TRANSMISSION METHOD,
`TRANSMISSION DEVICE, CODE SEQUENCE, AND CODE SEQUENCE SET
`IN
`COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
`
`(57) Abstract
`The present invention relates to a code sequence that is used for initial synchronization
`acquirement, cell search, channel estimation or the like in a communication system. A code
`sequence generation method is characterized in that a code sequence generation method
`used for at least one among initial synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel
`estimation in a communication system includes generating a code sequence set having a
`length of M by a code generation algorithm according to a code type; and adjusting a code
`length of at least one code sequence belonging to the code sequence set to a natural number
`N that is smaller than the length M.
`
`
`Representative drawing
`FIG. 1
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`APPLE 1015
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`Publication No. 10-2007-0055845
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`Claims
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`A signal transmission method in which a transmission side in a communication
`1.
`system data-processes a specific code sequence to a form required by the communication
`system for at least one among initial synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel
`estimation and transmits the processed sequence to a reception side,
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`wherein the specific code sequence has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a
`code length due to the removal of some of the elements of a specific code sequence that
`belong to a code sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length
`to be the number M.
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`The signal transmission method of claim 1, wherein the specific code sequence is
`2.
`data-processed and transmitted to a form of a preamble or pilot signal.
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`The signal transmission method of claim 1, wherein the code is a constant
`3.
`amplitude zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) code sequence
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`The signal transmission method of claim 1, wherein the code is a PN code or
`4.
`Hadamard code.
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`5.
`is
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`The signal transmission method of claim 3, wherein the code generation algorithm
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`(where a number A is relative prime to the number M, the numbers A and M are natural
`numbers, index (A) (=0, 1, 2,…, Nseq M-1) means an index when the number A is sorted in
`ascending order).
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`The signal transmission method of claim 3, wherein the number M is a smallest
`6.
`prime number among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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`A transmission device that comprises a unit data-processing a specific code
`7.
`sequence to a form required by a communication system to enable the communication
`system to transmit a signal to a reception side for at least one of initial synchronization
`acquirement, cell search, and channel estimation, and a unit transmitting the data-processed
`specific code sequence,
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`wherein the specific code sequence has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a
`code length due to the removal of some of the elements of a specific code sequence that
`belongs to a code sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length
`to be the number M.
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`The transmission device of claim 7, wherein the specific code sequence is data-
`8.
`processed and transmitted to a form of a preamble or pilot signal.
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`9.
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`The transmission device of claim 7, wherein the code is a CAZAC code sequence.
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`The transmission device of claim 7, wherein the code is a PN code or Hadamard
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`10.
`code.
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`11.
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`The transmission device of claim 9, wherein the code generation algorithm is
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`(where a number A is relative prime to the number M, the numbers A and M are natural
`numbers, index (A) (= 0, 1, 2,…, Nseq M-1) means an index when the number A is sorted in
`ascending order).
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`The transmission device of claim 9, wherein the number M is a smallest prime
`12.
`number among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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`A code sequence used for at least one among initial synchronization acquirement,
`13.
`cell search, and channel estimation in a communication system, wherein the code sequence
`has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a code length due to the removal of
`some of the elements of a specific code sequence that belongs to a code sequence set
`generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length to be the number M.
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`14.
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`The code sequence of claim 13, wherein the code is a CAZAC code sequence.
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`The code sequence of claim 14, wherein the number M is a smallest prime number
`15.
`among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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`A code sequence set used for at least one among initial synchronization
`16.
`acquirement, cell search, and channel estimation in a communication system, wherein the
`code sequence set is made up of code sequences that have a natural number N smaller than
`a number M as a code length due to the removal of some of the elements of a specific code
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`sequence that belongs to a code sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm
`enabling a length to be the number M.
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`17.
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`The code sequence set of claim 16, wherein the code is a CAZAC code sequence.
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`The code sequence set of claim 17, wherein the number M is a smallest prime
`18.
`number among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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`A method of generating a CAZAC code sequence used for at least one among
`19.
`initial synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel estimation
`in a
`communication system, the method comprising:
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`generating a code sequence set having a length of M by a code generation algorithm
`according to a code type; and
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`adjusting a code length of at least one code sequence belonging to the code sequence set to
`a natural number N that is smaller than the length M.
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`The method of claim 19, wherein the adjusting of the length of the code sequence
`20.
`comprises removing M-N elements from each code sequence.
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`Specification
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`Detailed Description of the Invention
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`Object of the Invention
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`Technical Field and Technical Background
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`The present invention relates to a communication system. More particularly, the present
`invention relates to a code sequence that is used for initial synchronization acquirement,
`cell search, channel estimation or the like in a communication system.
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`A pilot signal or preamble that is used in a communication system is a reference signal that
`is used for initial synchronization acquirement, cell search, channel estimation or the like,
`and a code sequence that makes up the preamble is made up of an orthogonal or quasi-
`orthogonal code that has a good correlation property.
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`For example, in the case of a portable internet (PI) (Specifications for 2.3GHz band
`Portable Internet Service - Physical Layer), insertion is performed in a frequency region by
`using 127 sequences excluding the case where all are 1s, by using a 128 × 128 Hadamard
`matrix. A binary Hadamard code or poly-phase CAZAC code is an orthogonal code and is
`limitative in number of codes that maintain orthogonality. For example, the number of
`orthogonal codes having a length N that may be made by a N×N Hadamard matrix is N, the
`number of orthogonal codes having a length N that may be made by CAZAC codes is a
`natural number that is a relative prime to the number N and is equal to or smaller than the
`number N. [David C. Chu, "Polyphase Codes with Good Periodic Correlation Propertie,"
`Information Theory IEEE Transaction on, vol. 18, issue 4, pp. 531-532, July, 1972].
`
`For example, the length of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol
`in an OFDM system is typically the exponentiation of 2 for quick implementations of fast
`Fourier transform (FFT) and inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). In this case, there is a
`limitation in that the number of sequence types is limitative, because in the case where
`sequences are generated with Hadamard codes, sequence types corresponding to the total
`length may be generated and in the case where sequences are generated with CAZAC codes,
`N/2 sequence types may be generated.
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`
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`Problems to be Solved
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`The present invention is intended to solve the limitations in the related art as described
`above and an object of the present invention is to provide a code sequence generation
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`method that may maintain a correlation property, increasing the number of code sequences
`having a constant length as needed.
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`Another object of the present invention is to provide a code sequence set that has a constant
`length and an increase in number, and code sequences that belong thereto.
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`Another object to the present invention is to provide a method and device for transmitting a
`signal to be capable of performing initial synchronization, cell search, channel estimation
`functions or the like at a reception side.
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`
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`Configuration of the Invention
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`As an aspect of the present invention, a signal transmission method according to the
`present invention is characterized in that a transmission side in a communication system
`data-processes a specific code sequence to a form required by the communication system
`for at least one among initial synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel
`estimation and transmits the processed sequence to a reception side, wherein the specific
`code sequence has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a code length due to the
`removal of some of the elements of a specific code sequence that belongs to a code
`sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length to be the number
`M.
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`As another aspect of the present invention, a transmission device according to the present
`invention is characterized in that the transmission device includes a unit data-processing a
`specific code sequence to a form required by a communication system to enable the
`communication system to transmit a signal to a reception side for at least one among initial
`synchronization acquirement, cell search and channel estimation, and a unit transmitting
`the data-processed specific code sequence, wherein the specific code sequence has a
`natural number N smaller than a number M as a code length due to the removal of some of
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`the elements of a specific code sequence that belongs to a code sequence set generated by a
`code generation algorithm enabling a length to be the number M.
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`As another aspect of the present invention, a code sequence according to the present
`invention is characterized in that the code sequence is used for at least one among initial
`synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel estimation in a communication
`system, wherein the code sequence has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a
`code length due to the removal of some of the elements of a specific code sequence that
`belongs to a code sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length
`to be the number M.
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`As another aspect of the present invention, a code sequence set according to the present
`invention is characterized in that the code sequence set is used for at least one among initial
`synchronization acquirement, cell search, and channel estimation in a communication
`system, wherein the code sequence has a natural number N smaller than a number M as a
`code length due to the removal of some of the elements of a specific code sequence that
`belongs to a code sequence set generated by a code generation algorithm enabling a length
`to be the number M.
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`As another aspect of the present invention, a method of generating a code sequence
`according to the present invention is characterized in that the method of generating the
`code sequence is used for at least one among initial synchronization acquirement, cell
`search, and channel estimation in a communication system, wherein the method includes
`generating a code sequence set having a length of M by a code generation algorithm
`according to a code type; and adjusting a code length of at least one code sequence
`belonging to the code sequence set to a natural number N that is smaller than the length M.
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`In the following, the configuration, actions and other characteristics of the present
`invention may be easily understood by exemplary embodiments of the present invention
`that are described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an
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`exemplary embodiment of a code sequence generation method according to the present
`invention.
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`FIG. 1 is a flowchart for explaining a method of expanding, to Nseq_M, the number of code
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`sequences for a code sequence set
`sequences, to generate a code sequence set
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` that has a code length of N and Nseq_N code
`.
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`this
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`example,
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` is
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`an
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`Nseq_N×N
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`matrix
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`In
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`of
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`vector of
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`Also,
`sequence index.
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`, and
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` is a row
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`.
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` represents the n(=0, 1, 2,…, N-1)th element of a k(= 0,1,3,Nseq_N -1)th
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` is generated in which a length is a natural
`Referring to FIG. 1, a code sequence set
`number M larger than the number N according to a code generation algorithm according to
`a code type and the number of code sequences is Nseq_M, in step S101. The code type that
`the present invention may be applied to is a Hadamard code, PN code, constant amplitude
`zero auto-correlation (CAZAC) code or the like and is a code that may be used for initial
`synchronization acquirement, cell search, channel estimation or the like. The code
`sequence set that has the length M according to each code type may be generated by using
`various known methods. In the case of the CAZAC code, the number M may be the
`smallest prime number among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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`Then, M-N elements among elements that make up each code sequence are removed with
` having Nseq_M
`respect to each code sequence that belongs to a code sequence set
` having a code length N and Nseq_M
`code sequences so that a code sequence set
`code sequences is generated in step S102.
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`More particularly, an example of expanding the number of codes of the CAZAC code
`sequence that has a code length N = 1024 is as follows. A representative algorithm that
`generates a CAZAC code may be expressed by Equation 1:
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`Equation 1
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`
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`and where a number A is relative prime to the number M, the numbers A and M are natural
`numbers, and index (A) (=0, 1, 2,…, Nseq M-1) means an index when the number A is sorted
`in ascending order.
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`In order to expand the number of codes of the CAZAC code sequence N = 1024, a CAZAC
` having a prime number M = 1031 closest to the number N
`code sequence set
`among natural numbers that are larger than the number N is generated by using Equation 1.
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`Since the number M (= 1031) is a prime number, Nseq_M = 1030. Thus, the number A
`becomes a seed value that generates a sequence having a good correlation property. In the
`case that the number M is a prime number, A = 1, 2,…, M-1 and thus a total of M-1 code
`sequences having a sequence index 0,1, …, M-2 may be generated. For example, in the
`case of M = 1024, 1024 / 2 = 512 code sequences are generated but in the case of M = 1031,
`a total of 1030 code sequences may be generated. Also, in the case that M is odd, the cross
`correlation property of a generated code is relatively better in comparison to a case when M
`is even.
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`Then, M-N elements among elements that make up each code sequence are removed with
` having Nseq_M
`respect to each code sequence that belongs to a code sequence set
`code sequences that are generated by the above method so that a code sequence set
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`having a code length N and Nseq_M code sequences is generated. That is, in order to adjust
` having the length M = 1031 to the code sequence
`the CAZAC code sequence set
` having the code length N = 1024, M-N elements of the column index n = n, …,
`set
`M-1 among the code sequence set
` are removed and as a result, the code sequence
`set
` is generated.
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`In determining the value of the number M, as it is larger than the number N, it is possible to
`increase the number of code sequences, but it is desirable to select a value that may
`maintain a good correlation property upon conversion into a code sequence having a code
`length N. In the case of the CAZAC code, it is proven through simulation that it is possible
`to maintain the best correlation property when the number M is selected as a prime number
`closest to the number N among natural numbers that are larger than the number N.
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` generated under N = 1024 with a result
`When comparing the code sequence set
` of the embodiment according to the present invention, the total of code sequences
`that may be generated in the former case is N / 2 (512) code sequences having an index 0, 1,
`…, N/2-1 (N = 1024), and the total of code sequences that may be generated in the latter
`case are M–1 (1030) code sequences having an index 0, 1, …, M-2 (M = 1031).
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`FIG. 2 is a diagram that shows the cross correlation property of remaining Nseq_M (1029)
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` that
` relative to code sequences
`code sequences
` generated by the embodiment of the present
`belong to the code sequence set
`invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram that shows the cross correlation property of remaining Nseq_N
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`(=
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`511)
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`sequences
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` relative
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`to
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`, as a result of generating N (= 1024) CAZAC code sequences
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`sequence
`according to the related art. When comparing FIG. 2 with FIG. 3, it may be seen that the
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`cross correlation property of the code sequence generated according to the exemplary
`embodiment of the present invention is better.
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`FIG. 4 is a diagram that shows the cross correlation property cumulative distribution
`function (CDF) of codes that may be generated for each of the sequence
` according
`to the present invention when N = 1024 according to the embodiment of the present
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`invention and the CAZAC sequence
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` according to the related art.
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`FIG. 5 is a diagram that shows the cross correlation property CDF of codes that may be
`generated for each of the CAZAC sequences according to the related art generated with a
`prime number N = 1031 and a code sequence set
` (from which seven elements have
`been removed) that the length according to the present invention has decreased to 1024.
`Through performance curves in FIGS. 2 to 5, it may be seen that the code sequence set
`devoid of seven elements substantially maintains the good cross correlation property of the
`original code sequence set.
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`As described earlier, the technical characteristic of the present invention may also be
`applied when generating a PN code or Hadamard code. The PN code is generated by a
`modular shift register generator, in which case when the number of component resisters is
`N, a code sequence having a length 2N-1 is generated and “1” is added to the generated
`code sequence to finally generate a code sequence having a length of 2N. Thus, when
`applying the technical characteristic of the present invention to the PN code, the number of
`registers increases to natural number M larger than the number N to generate a code
`sequence having a length of 2M and the length of the generated code sequence is adjusted to
`2N in order to be used as needed. In this case, when determining the number M, selection
`should be performed in consideration of the cross correlation characteristic.
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`In the case of the Hadamard code, the number of code sequences corresponding to the
`length of a code sequence makes up a single code sequence set. However, in the case where
`the required number of code sequences having a length of N is M that is larger than N, it is
`possible to use a method in which M code sequences having a length of M are first
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`generated and some elements of each code sequence are removed so that its length is
`adjusted to N.
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`In a communication system that requires a code length of N, a code sequence set
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`having a length of N = 1024 may be data-processed to a form required by the
`communication system to be inserted for a preamble or pilot signal or the like. FIGS. 6 and
`7 are diagrams for explaining an exemplary embodiment of a signal transmission method
`and a transmission device according to the present invention, and represent examples
`where the technical characteristic of the present invention is applied to an OFDM or
`orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) based wireless communication
`system. FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a transmitter and FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a
`receiver that corresponds to FIG. 6.
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`Referring to FIG. 6, traffic data and control data are multiplexed and input by a muxer 61.
`The traffic data is data associated directly with a service that is provided from a
`transmission side to a reception side, and the control data means data that is inserted in
`order to enable the transmission side and the reception side to perform communication
`smoothly. The code sequence generated according to the technical characteristic of the
`present invention as described above is a kind of control data and may be inserted for
`initial synchronization acquirement, cell search or channel estimation at the reception side.
`The position into which the code sequence is inserted may vary according to a
`communication system. For example, in the IEEE 802.16 wideband wireless access system,
`the code sequence may be inserted in the form of a preamble or pilot signal, when a multi-
`input multi-output (MIMO) system is applied, it may also be inserted in the form of a
`midamble.
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`The input data that includes the traffic data and the control data has a channel coding
`process by a channel coding module 62. The channel coding is a process of adding parity
`bits so that the reception side may correct an error when a signal transmitted from the
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`transmission side has an error in the transmission process, and in general, convolution
`coding, turbo coding, low density parity check (LDPC) coding or the like may be used.
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`The data channel-coded by the channel coding module 62 is digital-modulated via a
`symbol mapping process according to an algorithm, such as QPSK or 16QAM by a digital
`modulation module 63. The data symbols that have experienced the symbol mapping
`process are sub channel-modulated by a sub channel modulation module 74, mapped to
`each sub carrier of the OFDM or OFDMA system and then IFFT converted by an IFFT
`conversion module 65 to be converted into a time domain signal. The IFFT converted data
`symbol is converted into an analog signal by a DAC module 67 via a filtering process by a
`filter 66 and then converted into an RF signal by an RF module 68 to be transmitted to the
`reception side through an antenna 69. According to the generated code type (in the case of,
`e.g., a CAZAC code), it is also possible to transmit data after mapping to a sub channel by
`the sub channel modulation module 64 and then the data processing process without the
`channel coding process or the symbol mapping process for a specific code sequence. The
`receiver in FIG. 7 restores data via the reverse of the data processing process at the
`transmitter in FIG. 6 to finally obtain traffic data and control data.
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`When considering an OFDM symbol by FFT conversion that has an N-size, the OFDM
`system makes up an FFT size as the exponentiation of 2 by using a single OFDM symbol
`for a quick discrete Fourier transform (DFT) implementation. In the OFDM symbol that
`has an FFT size of N = 1024, the total number of CAZAC sequences used in the
`embodiment above is 512. When generating a code sequence set according to the
`exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the total number of available code
`sequences is 1030 and the cross correlation property may also maintain better than when
`generating according to the size of N.
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`The structures of the transmitter and receiver in FIGS. 6 and 7 are only examples for
`helping the understanding of the technical characteristic of the present invention and it is
`obvious to a person skilled in the art that a method of processing data in order to transmit a
`code sequence for initial synchronization acquirement, cell search or channel estimation at
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`the reception side may be performed by using various known methods. The code sequence
`or code sequence set according to the present invention may be used in such a manner that
`a transmission side in a CDMA or OFDMA based wireless mobile communication system
`by 3GPP or 3GPP2, an organization for mobile communication standardization or a
`wireless internet system by Wibro or Wimax, transmits data to a reception side through
`data processing required by a corresponding system.
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`It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present invention may be implemented in
`other forms without departing from the spirit and essential characteristic of the present
`invention. Thus, the detailed description should not be construed as limitative in every
`aspect and should be considered as exemplary. The scope of the present invention should
`be determined by the reasonable interpretation of the claims and all changes equivalent to
`the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
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`Effects of the Invention
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`According to the present invention, since it is possible to maintain a correlation property as
`it is, increasing the number of code sequences that have a constant length that may be used
`in a communication system, there is an effect in that it is possible to increase usage
`efficiency.
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`Brief description of the Drawings
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`FIG. 1 is a flowchart of an exemplary embodiment of a code sequence generation method
`according to the present invention.
`FIGS. 2 to 5 show performance curves for evaluating the performance of an exemplary
`embodiment of the present invention.
`FIGS. 6 and 7 are diagrams for explaining exemplary embodiments of a signal transmission
`method and a transmission device according to the present invention.
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`FIG. 3
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`FIG. 6
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`TRANSLATION CERTIFICATION
`
`County of New York
`State of New York
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`Date: February 2, 2016
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`To whom it may concern:
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`This is to certify that the attached translation from Korean into English is an accurate
`representation of the documents received by this office.
`
`The documents are designated as:
` Publication No. 10-2007-0055845
`•
`
`
`Mohammed H. Masab, Project Manager in this company, attests to the following:
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`“To the best of my knowledge, the aforementioned documents are a true, full and accurate
`translation of the specified documents.”
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`Signature of Mohammed H. Masab
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`WI-44, 6/25/2015, Rev 0
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