`DICTIONARY OF
`SCIENTIFIC AND
`TECHNICAL
`TERMS
`
`Sixth
`Edition
`
`McGraw-Hill
`New York Chicago San Francisco
`Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City
`Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
`
`Evolved Wireless, LLC Exhibit 2002
`Apple/Microsoft v. Evolved Wireless
`IPR2016-01208
`
`
`
`On the cover: Representation of a fullerene molecule with a noble gas atom trapped
`inside. At the Permian-Triassic sedimentary boundary the noble gases helium and argon
`have been found trapped inside fullerenes. They exhibit isotope ratios quite similar to
`those found in meterorites, suggesting that a fireball meteorite or asteroid exploded
`when it hit the Earth, causing major changes in the environment. (Image copyright @
`Dr. Luann Becker. Reproduced with permission.)
`
`Over the six editions of the Dictionary, material has been drawn from the following references: G. M. Garrity
`et al., Taxonomic Outline of the Procaryotes, Release 2, Springer-Verlag, January 2002; D. W. Linzey, Vertebrate
`Biology, McGraw-Hill, 2001; J. A. Pechenik, Biology of the Invertebrates, 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2000; U.S.
`Air Force Glossary of Standardized Terms, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 1, 1972; F. Casey, ed., Compilation of Terms
`in Information Sciences Technology, Federal Council for Science and Technology, 1970; Communications-
`Electronics Terminology, AF Manual 11-1, vol. 3, 1970; P. W. Thrush, comp. and ed., A Dictionary of Mining,
`Mineral, and Related Terms, Bureau of Mines, 1968; A DOD Glossary of Mapping, Charting and Geodetic
`Terms, Department of Defense, 1967; J. M. Gilliland, Solar-Terrestrial Physics: A Glossary of Terms and
`Abbreviations, Royal Aircraft Establishment Technical Report 67158, 1967; W. H. Allen, ed., Dictionary of
`Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1965; Glossary of Stinfo
`Terminology, Office of Aerospace Research, U.S. Air Force, 1963; Naval Dictionary of Electronic, Technical,
`and Imperative Terms, Bureau of Naval Personnel, 1962; R. E. Huschke, Glossary of Meteorology, American
`Meteorological Society, 1959; ADP Glossary, Department of the Navy, NAYS() P-3097; Glossary of Air Traffic
`Control Terms, Federal Aviation Agency; A Glossary of Range Terminology, White Sands Missile Range, New
`Mexico, National Bureau of Standards, AD 467-424; Nuclear Terms: A Glossary, 2d ed., Atomic Energy
`Commission.
`
`McGRAW-HILL DICTIONARY OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TERMS,
`Sixth Edition
`Copyright 0 2003, 1994, 1989, 1984, 1978, 1976, 1974 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
`reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act
`of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored
`in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
`
`2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOW/DOW 0 8 7 6 5 4 3
`
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging -in -Publication Data
`
`McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms--6th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-07-042313-X (alk. paper)
`1. Science--Dictionaries. 2. Technology—Dictionaries. I. Title: Dictionary of scientific
`and technical terms.
`
`Q123.M15 (cid:9)
`503—dc21 (cid:9)
`
`2002
`
`2002026436
`
`Exhibit 2002-002
`
`(cid:9)
`(cid:9)
`
`
`892
`
`generative grammar (cid:9)
`
`genetic map
`
`[N-uaxo] The mean time required for a neutron arising from
`a fission to produce a new fission. { jen.a'ra-shon ,tim }
`[casein' sa] A set of rules that
`generative grammar
`describes the valid expressions in a formal language on the
`basis of a set of the parts of speech (formally called the set of
`metavariables or phrase names) and the alphabet or character
`set of the language. { 'jen.radiv 'gram.ar }
`[Boi] A haploid nucleus in a pollen
`generative nucleus
`grain that produces two sperm nuclei by mitosis. { 'jen.rod.
`iv 'nii.kla.as
`[commir set] A program that produces specific
`generator
`programs as directed by input parameters. Also known as
`generating routine. [ELEc] A machine that converts me-
`chanical energy into electrical energy; in its commonest form,
`a large number of conductors are mounted on an armature that
`is rotated in a magnetic field produced by field coils. Also
`1. A vac-
`known as dynamo; electric generator. [ELEcrit]
`uum-tube oscillator or any other nonrotating device that gener-
`ates an alternating voltage at a desired frequency when
`energized with direct-current power or low-frequency alternat-
`ing-current power. 2. A circuit that generates a desired repeti-
`tive or nonrepetitive waveform, such as a pulse generator.
`[mKni] 1. One of the set of elements of an algebraic system
`such as a group, ring, or module which determine all other
`elements when all admissible operations are performed upon
`them. 2. See generatrix. 'jen.a,rad.ar }
`[ELEc] Method of regulating the
`generator field control
`output voltage of a generator by controlling the voltage which
`excites the field of the generator. { 'jen.a,rad.or 'fald
`kangol
`[ELECTR] Circuitry that synchronizes two
`generator lock
`video signals so that they can be mixed. Abbreviated genlock.
`'jen-a,rad.ar Ilk}
`[EtEc] A small inductor connected
`generator reactor
`between power-plant generators and the rest of an electric power
`system in order to limit and localize the effects of voltage
`transients. { jenrldor re,ak.tor }
`[ELEc] The resistance of the current
`generator resistance
`source in a detwork; usually much smaller than the load but
`taken into account in some network calculations. [ 'jen.o,rad.
`or ri,zis.tans }
`[ENG] The aggregate of one or more genera-
`generator set
`tors together with the equipment and plant for producing the
`energy that drives them. { 'jen.a,rad.ar ,set }
`[MATH] The straight line generating a ruled sur-
`generatrix
`face. Also known as generator. { ijen.o:fa-trilcs }
`[GEM] The presence of additional copies
`gene redundancy
`of'e gene within a cell. { 'jen ri' dan.don.sa
`[CELL mot] The general name for
`gene regulatory protein
`..a protein that controls gene expression via its ability to bind to
`*specific deoxyribonucleic acid sequences during transcription.
`{\en Ireg.ya-la,tOrd 'pro,ten }
`[mm.] Pertaining to or having the rank of a biologi-
`generic
`cal genus. [SCI TECH] 1. A term applied to or descriptive of
`an entire group or a class. 2. In general use, that which is
`nonproprietary. { jo'nerik }
`[CELL ma.] A method by which mutations
`gene scanning
`are inserted at specific sites on a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
`segment to determine those DNA sequences needed for gene
`activity. { 5en ,skan-in
`[GEN] The acquisition and maintenance of a
`gene sharing
`second function for a gene without duplication and without
`loss of primary function. { 'jan ,sher.iu }
`[GEoL] Rocks that have retained their char-
`genesis rocks
`acter from nearly 4.6 X 109 years ago, when planets were still
`occulting out of the cloud of dust and gas referred to as the
`solar nebula; examples are meteorites and asteroids. { 'jen.
`a•sas ,raks
`gene splicing See recombinant technology. { 'jen ,splis.in
`[GEM] The replacement of an allele with
`gene substitution
`a mutant allele. { 1,jan ,sab.sta,tti.shan }
`[GEM] The development of a normal
`gene suppression
`phenotype in a mutant individual or cell due to a second muta-
`tion either in the same gene or in a different gene. { 'jan
`sa,presh-an }
`[VERT zoo] The common name for nine species of
`genet
`small, arboreal African carnivores in the family Viverridae.
`len.at }
`gene targeting
`
`[GEM] Replacement, by genetic engineering
`
`and homologous recombination, of a mutant (or wild-type)
`gene by a wild-type (or mutant) copy that may also contain a
`reporter gene. { 'jan tlrgodiq }
`[GEM] An experimental technique in which a
`gene therapy
`normal gene is inserted into an organism to correct a genetic
`defect. { jen ,ther.a.pe }
`[COMPUT SCI] A search procedure based
`genetic algorithm
`on the mechanics of natural selection and genetics. Also
`known as evolutionary strategy. { ja,nerl•k
`[GEN] The reduction in enzyme activity due
`genetic block
`to a gene mutation. { jalned-ik blak}
`[GEM] An individual who is heterozygous
`genetic carrier
`for a recessive gene that predisposes for a hereditary disease.
`{ Anedik kar.a.or }
`[CELL MOL] The genetic information in the
`genetic code
`nucleotide sequences in deoxyribonucleic acid represented by
`a four-letter alphabet that makes up a vocabulary of 64 three-
`nucleotide sequences, or codons; a sequence of such codons
`(averaging about 100 codons) constructs a message for a poly-
`peptide chain. { ja'ned.ik 'kW )
`[GEM] Natural introduction of genetic
`genetic colonization
`material into the deoxyribonucleic acid of a host cell; for exam-
`ple, transmission of a tumor-inducing plasmid into a plant
`cell by the bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. { ja:ned.
`ik ,lcal.a.na'zR.shan }
`genetic death [GEM] 1. Preferential elimination of geno-
`types that are carriers of alleles that reduce the adaptive value
`or fitness of those genotypes. 2. The death of an individual
`without reproducing. { ja:nedik 'deth }
`[GEN] The accumulation of differ-
`genetic differentiation
`ences in allelic frequencies between completely or partially
`isolated populations due to evolutionary forces such as selection
`or genetic drift. { ja:ned.ilc diforenchetshon }
`genetic distance [Gait] 1. A measure of the allelic substitu-
`tions per locus that have occurred during the separate evolution
`of two populations or species. 2. The distance between linked
`genes in terms of recombination frequency or map units.
`jo:nedik 'dis.tans I
`[GEM] The random fluctuation of gene frequen-
`genetic drift
`cies from generation to generation that occurs in small popula-
`tions. { ja:nedik 'drift }
`[GEN] The intentional production of
`genetic engineering
`new genes and alteration of genomes by the substitution or
`addition of new genetic material. Also known as biogenetics.
`ja:ned.ik en.jenirin }
`[GEM] In a population, the condition in
`genetic equilibrium
`which the frequencies of allelic genes are maintained at the
`same values from generation to generation. { ja:ned.ik ,e.
`kwalib.re.am }
`[GEoL] An ancient deposit of rocks which
`genetic facies
`have been formed by similar sedimentary processes. { joned
`ik 'fa.shaz }
`[FOREN SCI] A forensic identifica-
`genetic fingerprinting
`tion technique that enables virtually 100% discrimination
`between individuals from small samples of blood or semen,
`using probes for hypervariable minisatellite deoxyribonucleic
`acid. Also known as DNA fingerprinting. [CELL ma.]
`Identification of chemical entities in animal tissues as indicative
`of the presence of specific genes. { Aneclik 'fig -gar,print.
`iij }
`[Gait] The tendency of Mendelian
`genetic homeostasis
`populations to maintain a constant genetic composition.
`{ jalned.ik ,he.ma.O'sta.sas }
`[GEM] A measure of the proportion of genes
`genetic identity
`that are identical in two populations. { jalned-ik i'den.ad.a 1
`[GEM] Gene activation by a molecule that
`genetic induction
`inactivates a repressor protein and thereby activates transcrip-
`tion of one or more structural genes. [mot. BIG] Gene activa-
`tion by a chemical inducer; results in transcription of structural
`genes. { Aned.ilc in'clak.shan
`[GEM] The absence of genetic exchange
`genetic isolation
`between populations or species as a result of geographic separa-
`tion or of mechanisms that prevent reproduction. { Aned.ilc
`Ts•ard-shan }
`[GEM] The reduction in fitness of a diploid
`genetic load
`population due to new mutant genes and those already in the
`gene pool. { Anedik }
`[GEM] A graphic presentation of the linear
`genetic map
`arrangement of genes on a chromosome; gene positions are
`
`GENET
`
`Spotted genet (Genetta genetta).
`
`Exhibit 2002-003
`
`
`
`2226 (cid:9)
`
`unipolar machine (cid:9)
`
`unitized body
`
`UNIPOTENTIAL
`ELECTROSTATIC LENS
`
`sbo (cid:9)
`
`cbs (cid:9)
`
`00
`
`A unipotential electrostatic lens, a
`type of axially symmetric
`electrostatic lens. cli o = common
`potential for outer two apertures;
`= lower potential for central
`aperture.
`
`unipolar machine See homopolar generator. { lyii•no'pa•lor
`mo'shan }
`[ELECTR] A transistor that utilizes
`unipolar transistor
`charge carriers of only one polarity, such as a field-effect tran-
`sistor. { :yii•no'po•lar tran'zis•tar }
`[ELECTROMAG] A hypothetical antenna that radiates
`unipole
`or receives signals equally well in all directions. Also known
`as isotropic antenna. { 'yti•no,pol )
`[CELL ma.] A channel protein that transfers only
`uniporter
`one substrate at a time across the membrane. {'yti
`no,pOrd-or )
`unipotential cathode See indirectly heated cathode. { :yii•no•
`pa'ten•chol 'kath,ocl
`[ELECTR] An electrostatic
`unipotential electrostatic lens
`lens in which the focusing is produced by application of a
`single potential difference; in its simplest form it consists of
`three apertures of which the outer two are at a common poten-
`tial, and the central aperture is at a different, generally lower,
`potential. { :yii•no•po'ten•chal i:lek•tro:stad•ik 'lenz
`[comtuT sa] A computer that has a single
`uniprocessor
`central processing unit and works sequentially on only one
`program at a time. [ 'yii•no,pra,ses•or }
`unique-factorization domain [wall] An integral domain
`in which every element that is neither a unit nor a prime has
`an expression as the product of a finite number of primes, and
`this expression is unique except for unit factors and the order
`of factors. Also known as factorial ring; unique-factorization
`ring. { yii;nak ,fak•to•ro'za•sho da,mgn
`unique-factorization ring See unique-factorization domain.
`y(1:flak ,fak•to•ra'a•shon riq}
`unique factorization theorem [tviATH] A positive integer
`may be expressed in precisely one way as a product of prime
`numbers. { ,fak•ta•ro'za•shon ,thir•om
`[ENG] An assembly or device capable of independent
`unit
`operation, such as a radio receiver, cathode-ray oscilloscope,
`or computer subassembly that performs some inclusive opera-
`tion or function. [MATH] An element of a ring with identity
`that has both a left inverse and a right inverse. [oflp] 1. Any
`military element whose structure is prescribed by competent
`authority, such as a table of organization and equipment; specifi-
`2. A standard of basic quantity
`cally, part of an organization.
`into which an item of supply is divided, issued, or used.
`[tin's] A quantity adopted as a standard of measurement.
`'yii•not }
`[MATH] A left module over a ring with
`unital left module
`a unit element, 1, such that, for any element x of the module,
`1 • x = x.
`:yii•nat•al ',left 'maj•ol )
`[MATH] A module over a ring with a unit
`unital module
`element, 1, such that 1 • x = x for any element x of the module.
`lyti•in•tal ,maj•ol } —
`unit-area acoustical ohm See rayl. (cid:9)
`to•kol !am }
`[PART PHYS] The condition that the scat-
`unitarity condition
`tering matrix for any process be unitary, as a result of the fact
`that the probability for the system to end in some final state
`must be unity. { ,ytimo'tar• od•a kon,dish-on }
`[MECH ENG] A small self-contained
`unitary air conditioner
`electrical unit enclosing a motor-driven refrigeration compres-
`sor, evaporative cooling coil, air-cooled condenser, filters, fans,
`and controls. { 'yilmo,ter• 'er kon,dish•ort or }
`[PART PHYS] A collection of 10 hadrons
`unitary decuplet
`whose isospin and hypercharge values form a symmetrical
`pattern, and which are related by unitary symmetry operations.
`{ 'yii•no,tera da'kop•lot }
`[MATH] The group of unitary transformations
`unitary group
`on a k-dimensional complex vector space. Usually denoted
`U(k). 'yitno,ter• a }
`[MATH] A matrix whose inverse is equal to
`unitary matrix
`the complex conjugate of its transpose. { 'yii•no,ter• 'md•
`inks)
`[PART PHYS] A collection of eight hadrons
`unitary octet
`whose isospin and hypercharge values form a symmetrical
`pattern, and which are related by unitary symmetry operations.
`'yii-no,ter a'tet }
`[MATH] A finite-dimensional inner-product
`unitary space
`space over the field of complex numbers. 'yrimo,tera
`'spas }
`unitary spin
`
`[PART PHYS] A quantum number associated
`
`'y(1-flat 'er a•a alas.
`
`with SU3 symmetry and which determines the SU 3 supermulti-
`plet to which a particle belongs, such as singlet, octet, or decu-
`plet. 'yii-no,tera 'spin }
`[PART PHYS] An approximate internal
`unitary symmetry
`symmetry law obeyed by the strong interactions of elementary
`particles; a system of particles has such a symmetry if all the
`particles can be described as compounds of a fundamental
`multiplet of particles, and if all physical properties of the system
`are unchanged by an arbitrary unitary transformation of this
`fundamental multiplet. 'yii•no,tera 'sinto•tra }
`[MATH] A linear transforMation on
`unitary transformation
`a vector space which preserves inner products and florins; alter-
`natively, a linear operator whose adjoint is equal to its inverse.
`,tranz•for'ina•shon }
`[IND ENG] Assemblage of machine parts
`unit assembly
`which constitutes a complete auxiliary part of an end item, and
`which performs a specific auxiliary function, and which may
`be removed from the parent item without itself being disassem-
`bled. { 'yii•not esem•bla }
`[MATE] The set of all points in euclidean n-space
`unit ball
`whose distance from the origin is at most 1. { '1)61 }
`[MATE] A unit vector in the same direction
`unit binormal
`as the binormal to a point on a surface or space curve. { 'yii•
`not anal-mai )
`[CRYSTAL] A parallelepiped which will fill all space
`unit cell
`under the action of translations which leave the crystal lattice
`unchanged. Also known as structure cell. [MIN ENG] In
`flotation, a single cell. { yUnnt sel
`'ytimot 'charj }
`unit charge See statcoulomb. (cid:9)
`[MATH] The locus of points in the plane which
`unit circle
`are precisely one unit from the origin. (cid:9)
`'yii•not 'sorkol }
`[MATH] A complex number whose
`unit complex number
`absolute value is 1. { yunnt karn,pleks 'flam•bor }
`[Bump] An assembly comprising two or
`unit construction
`more walls, plus floor and ceiling construction, ready for ship-
`kon'strok•shon }
`ping to a building site. (cid:9)
`unit conversion factor See conversion : factor. { :ytimot
`kon'vorzhon ,fak•tor }
`[IND ENG] Cost allocated to a specified unit of a
`unit cost
`product; computed as the cost over a period of time divided
`by the number of units produced. { 'ytimot 'Io5st }
`[ELEcTE] A network whose output is equal to the
`unit delay
`input delayed by one unit of time. { 'ytimot di'la }
`[MET] A die block having more than one cavity
`unit die
`insert and allowing several different castings to be made.
`{ 'ytimat 'd! }
`United States airways code NETEGfloLl A synoptic code
`for communicating aviation weather observations. Also
`known as airways code. { yo'flid•od 'stats 'er,wRz ,kod }
`[DES ENG] A mod-
`United States standard dry seal thread
`ified pipe thread used for pressure-tight connections that are
`to be assembled without lubricant or sealer in refrigeration
`pipes, automotive and aircraft fuel-line fittings, and gas and
`chemical shells. { yo'n1d-od 'Wats 'standard dri sAl ,thred }
`[GEon] The foot used by the
`United States Survey foot
`U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in which 1 inch is equal to
`2.540005 centimeters. { yues s3r,v5 'fat }
`[Bur] Referring to an ovule having a single integ-
`unitegmic
`ument. { ytinotegmik}
`[MATH] An element in a ring which acts as a
`unit element
`multiplicative identity. { 'ytimot 'elm-rnont }
`uniterm [comma' sci] A word, symbol, or number used as
`a description for retrieval of information from a collection;
`especially, such a description used in a coordinate indexing
`system. { 'ytimo,torm }
`[COMPUT SCI] An information retrieval sys-
`uniterm system
`tem which uses uniterm cards; cards representing words of
`interest in a search are selected and compared visually; if identi-
`cal members are found to appear on the uniterm card undergoing
`comparison, those numbers represent documents to be exam-
`ined in connection with the search. { 'yii•no,torm ,sis•tom }
`[MATH] A common fraction whose numerator
`unit fraction
`is unity. { yitnot ,fralc•shan }
`[MECH ENG] A heater consisting of a fan for
`unit heater
`circulating air over a heat-exchange surface, all enclosed in a
`common casing. { 'had•or }
`unit impulse See delta function. { 'yitnat 'im,pols
`[ENG] An automotive body that has the body
`unitized body
`
`Exhibit 2002-004
`
`