`
`
`
`Telecom Dictionary
`
`Ray Horak
`
`Wiley Publishing, Inc.
`
`NNNNNNNNNNNN
`
`I)
`
`NNNNNNNNNNNN
`
`l‘
`
`
`
`' ~ Vbip-Pal Ex. 2050
`IPR2016-01201
`
`
`Voip-Pal Ex. 2050
`IPR2016-01201
`
`
`
` Webster’s New World® Telecom Dictionary
`
`Published by
`Wiley Publishing, Inc.
`10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
`Indianapolis, IN 46256
`www.wiley. com
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Copyright © 2008 byWiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana
`Published simultaneously in Canada
`
`ISBN: 978—0—471—77457—0
`
`
`ISBN 978—0—471—77457—0 (pbk)
`1. Telecommunicanon—Dictionaries. I.Title.
`TK5102.H65 2007
`621 .38203—dc22
`
`2007024232
`
` Manufactured in the United'States ofAmerica
`10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
`
` Library of Congress Cataloging—in—Publication Data
`
`Horak, Ray.
`
`
`
`Webster’s New World telecom dictionary / Ray Horak.
`p. cm.
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal, accounting, or other professional services. If
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`For general information on our other
`products and services please contact our Customer Care Department within the
`United States at (800) 762—2974, outside the United States at (317) 572—3993 or fax (317) 572—4002.
`
`
`
`
` Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley logo,Webster’s NewWorld, the Webster’s NewWorld logo,We DefineYourWorld, and
`
`
`related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks ofJohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates, in the United
`States and other countries, and may not be used without written permission.All other trademarks are the property of
`
`
`their respective owners.Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned-in this book.
`
`No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means,
`electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of
`the 1976 United States CopyrightAct, without either the prior written permission ofthe Publisher, or authorization through
`payment of the appropriate per—copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923,
`(978) 750—8400, fax (978) 646—8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department,
`Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd, Indianapolis, IN 46256, (317) 572—3447, fax (317) 572—4355, or online at
`http://wwwwiley. com/go/permissions.
`
`professional assistance is required, the services ofa competent professional person should be sought. Neither the publisher
`nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herbefrom. The fact that an organization orWebsite is referred to in this
`work as a citation and/or a potential source offurther information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses
`the information the organization orWebsite may provide or recommendations it may make. Further, readers should be
`aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written
`and when it is read.
`
`
`
`
`
`dielectric
`
`dial around In the United States, a caller can dial a seven—digit Carrier Access Code (CAC) in the for—
`mat 101 XXXX to dial around the presubscribed interexchange carrier (IXC) for that line or trunk to .
`reaéh another IXC.The first three digits (101) of the CAC signal the network of the caller’s intent. The
`laSt four digits (XXXX) of the CAC are the Carrier Identification Code (CIC), which is used for call rout—
`ing purposes.The full dialing sequence is 101 XXXX + 1 + NXX (area code) + NXX (central ofiice
`prefix) XXXX (line number). See also area code, CAC, CO prefix, CIC, and IXC, and line number.
`dialed number identification service (DNIS)
`See DNIS.
`dial tone
`1. An audible signal indicating that a telephone set is connected to a telephone switching sys—
`tem that is available to process an outgoing call. 2. Central ofiice (CO) dial tone, sometimes referred to as
`hard dial tone, is provided by the CO switch to a terminal device. When the dial tone is seized, the user
`is free to dial a telephone number. See also CO. 3. PBX dial tone, sometimes referred to as internal dial
`tone or soft dial tone, is provided to a PBX station indicating that the PBX switch is available.The user is
`then free to dial an internal PBX station number. If the target telephone number is an external number,
`the user, must dial an access code in order to gain access to an external trunk connected to the public
`switched telephone network (PSTN). See also PBX and PSTN. The conventional access code is nine (9)
`in the United States and Canada, and zero (0) in most other countries. 4. Stutter, or stuttered, dial tone is
`dial tone interrupted by short, regular periods of silence, and is used by some centrex and PBX systems as
`a message indicator, typically indicating that a voice meésage has been deposited in a voice mailbox either
`integrated with or interfaced directly to the system. Stuttered dial tone also is often used to confirm that
`a feature, such as call forwarding, has been activated or deactivated. See also callfiat/aiding, centrex, and PBX.
`5.Video dial tone, or visual dial tone, refers to the notion of a broadband network that provides video—
`conferencing capability on demand. See also broadband.
`dial—up circuit Referring to a circuit established by dialing the number of the remote telephone or
`other device over a public switched telephone network (PSTN), rather than over a dedicated circuit.There
`also are switched data services (e.g., Switched 56), many ofwhich. operate over the PSTN, as well. See also
`circuit, dedicated circuit, dial, PSTN, and Switched 56.
`dibit Referring to a modulation technique that impresses two bits on a baud, so that the bit rate is dou—
`ble the baud rate. Such a technique employs four signal states. Quadrature phase—shift keying (QPSK) is a
`dibit technique achieved by defining four phase shifts separated by 90 degrees. Quadrature amplitude mod—
`ulation (QAM) is an amplitude modulation (AM) scheme in ISDN BRI that yields the same result.There
`are similar frequency modulation (FM) schemes, as well. See also AM, baud, baud rate, bit, bit rate, BRI, FM,
`QAM, QPSK, quadbit, signal, tribit, and unibit.
`DID (Direct Inward Dial) A PBX feature that allows incoming calls to connect directly to the sta—
`tion, without operator assistance. To accomplish this, each station is assigned a DID telephone number
`drawn from a bank of such numbers so designated by the local exchange carrier (LEC). (The last three or
`four digits of the DID number correspond to the internal station number, so the PBX dialing plan must
`be flexible enough to accommodate the DID numbering scheme.) When an outside caller dials that
`number, the terminating CO recognizes that fact and connects the call over a special DID trunk.The CO
`passes the DID number to the PBX in advance of the call, thereby enabling the PBX to automatically
`route the call directly to the station, without the intervention of an attendant.The service provider rents.
`DID numbers to user organizations in groups or blocks of 50, 100, or 250, typically.
`dielectric A substance that is not a conductor of direct electric current, a dielectric is an insulator, rather
`than a conductorA dielectric permits the passage of the lines of force associated with an electromagnetic
`field, but does not conduct the current. As dielectrics, however, can sustain an electromagnetic field, they
`are commonly used in capacitors and between wires in a cable. Dielectrics include rubber, gutta percha,
`wood pulp, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, flouropolymer resin, andTeflon®, all ofwhich have been used
`at various times as insulation in telecommunications cable and wire applications.The dielectric properties
`of plastic and glass make them ideal optical conductors in fiber optic cables, which are immune from
`
`6
`
`
`
`
`sues
`
`pro-
`
`at is
`
`iter—
`
`net—
`ored
`ura—
`reas—
`iress
`. the
`1inC
`IPv4
`
`iress,
`‘CP,
`
`.ons,
`rad-
`ands
`that
`:ele—
`on a
`aers.
`
`the
`tart—
`
`have
`sues.
`irate
`
`tele—
`:erm .
`\Iote:
`
`pad,
`
`