onhe
`Dictionary
`of
`Multimedia
`Terms & Acronyms
`
`comprehensive
`referencefor
`digital media
`
`Brad Hansen
`
`® Copyright Issues
`
`Appendices:
`e The World Wide Web
`e Standards Organizations
`
`
`
`FRANKLIN, BEEDLE & ASSOCIATES
`
`
`
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`Dedication
`
`For my son, Graham.
`
`President and Publisher
`_ Manuscript Editor
`Technical Editor
`Proofreaders
`
`Technical Illustrations
`.
`Interior Design & Production
`
`Jim Leisy (jimleisy@fbeedle.com)
`Karen Foley
`Peter Sylwester
`Tom Sumner
`Anna Keesey
`Jeff Ong
`Bill DeRouchey
`Karen Foley
`
`© 1997 Franklin, Beedle & Associates Incorporated. No part of this book may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or transcribed, in any form or by any means—
`electronic, mechanical, telepathic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—without prior
`written permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressedas follows:
`
`Rights and Permissions
`FRANKLIN, BEEDLE & ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED
`8536 SW St. Helens Drive, Suite D
`Wilsonville, Oregon 97070
`http://www.fbeedle.com
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`Names ofall products herein are used for identification purposes only and are trademarks
`and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, Inc.
`makes no claim of ownership or corporate association with the products or the companies
`that own them.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Hansen, Brad.
`Thedictionary of multimedia : terms and acronyms / Brad Hansen.
`p.
`cm.
`Includes bibliographical references.
`ISBN 1-887902-14-7
`1. Multimedia systems—Dictionaries 2. Multimedia systems—
`Acronyms.
`I. Title.
`QA76. 15.H32
`1996
`006.6—DC20
`
`:
`
`96-9368
`CIP
`
`Available in-herdheck ac ISRN 1-887902-18-x
`
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`DDR
`
`DDR(n.) Digital disk recorder; post-
`production studios often use DDRsto
`record framesofvideo or animation since
`they have hardware thatis capable of cap-
`turinga largefield of data at once. Abekas
`is a popular brand of DDR.
`
`DDS (n.) Digital dataphone service; a
`telecommunications network that typi-
`cally transmits synchronousdata at
`56 kilobits per second (Kbps) requiring
`special interface equipmentat both ends.
`
`debug (v.) To isolate and correct errors
`or malfunctions in computersoftware or
`hardware.
`
`DEC (n.) Digital Equipment Corpora-.
`tion; makers of the VAX computer and
`VMSoperating system.
`
`decibel See dB.
`
`decimate (v.) To discard portions of a
`signal for the purpose of reducing the
`amount of information to be encoded ©
`or compressed. Lossy compression
`algorithms ordinarily decimate while
`subsampling.
`
`decoder (n.) Any hardware or software ©
`system that translates data streams into
`video or audio information.
`
`decompression (n.) The process of
`restoring compressed data to its origi-
`nal condition.
`
`_
`
`dedicated (adj.) Describes any comput-
`ing system that performs one function
`exclusively.
`
`default (n.) The standard setting of
`an optional parameter. Factory defaults
`are the original settings for most
`equipment.
`
`defragment (v.) To place all data on a
`hard disk in contiguous sectors, avoid-
`ing gaps between partsof a file or pieces
`offiles spread geographically on the disk.
`Whendigitizing audio or video direct to
`disk, the disk must be defragmented so
`that a continuous stream of data may be
`recorded to the disk.
`
`degauss (v.) To remove a magnetic field.
`
`delimiter (n.) Any character or symbol
`that marks the beginningor end of a data
`segment.
`
`delivery system (n.) The combinedhard-
`ware andsoftware usedto presentor play
`back media, whether it be audio, video,
`text, images, or a combination ofdata
`types, in an interactive environment.
`
`delta modulation (n.) A process for the
`conversion of analog audio to digital
`form, similar to pulse code modulation
`(PCM). It is the sampling of an audio sig-
`nal at 32 kilobits per second (Kbps) at
`1-bit resolution, as opposed to creating
`eight each 8-bit samples per second in
`PCMatthe rate of 64 Kbps.
`
`decrement (v.) To decrease incremen-
`tally, or reduce by a single step.
`
`delta YUV See DYUV.
`
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`GPF
`
`averages the luma and chromavalues at
`each corner of a polygon.
`
`that displays or records an image; moni-
`tors and printers are examples.
`
`GPF(n.) General protection fault; an er-
`ror message that occurs when softwareis
`trying to read or write memorythat it
`does not own or have accessto.
`
`gradient (n.) A methodoffilling or shad-
`ing an object that incorporates the blend-
`ing of two different shades or patterns
`across the surface of the object.
`
`graphical user interface See GUI.
`
`graphics tablet (n.) This type of drawing
`surface, often with pressure-sensitivity,
`feeds a computer data defining x-y coor-
`dinates from a hand-held input device,
`such as a light pen.
`
`grayscale (adj.) In a computer graphic,
`the numberof levels of gray that exist
`between black and white. With a mini-
`mum of256levels, the quality of a black-
`and-white photograph can be achieved.
`
`Graphic Interchange Format See GIF.
`
`Green Book standard See CD-i.
`
`graphics (n.) Thevisual content prepared
`for a production. Computer-generated
`letters, symbols and drawings, photo-
`graphs, scans, slides, andall otherstill
`visuals belong tothis broad category.
`
`graphics accelerator (n.) A specialized
`circuit board that contains a coprocessor
`which enhances the graphical perfor-
`mance of a computer.It is inserted into
`an expansion slot andrelieves the CPU
`from graphics processing.
`
`graphics input (n.) The use of a periph-
`eral, such as a drawing tablet, mouse,
`touch screen,or light pen to create oral-
`ter a graphics display.
`
`graphics input device (n.) Any digitizer
`that feeds a computer x-y coordinates
`and in somecases, color data.
`
`graphics output device (n.) Any device
`
`grip (n.) In a film or video production,
`the person who mountsorpositions the
`camera according to the director’s in-
`structions. It may be mounted on a dolly,
`a crane, or on any other surface that pro-
`vides a desirable camera angle.
`
`ground See GND.
`
`guard band (n.) A narrow bandwidth of
`dead space between two adjacent chan-
`nels; space inserted betweentracksof re-
`corded material on audio or videotapes
`to prevent crosstalk between tracks.
`
`GUI(n.) Graphical user interface; an en-
`vironment inwhich icons represent ob-
`jects that an operator can manipulate
`with a pointing device. Initially designed
`by Xerox, it serves as the basis for the
`Macintosh operating system and has
`been deployed in a similar context by
`Microsoft in Windows.See user interface.
`
`102
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