Performance Specialties
`Reference Guide
`
`With good chemistry great things happen.™
`
`ALKERMES Exh. 2038
`Luye v. Alkermes
`IPR2016-1096
`
`

`

`Ashland at a glance
`
`Ashland Inc. (NYSE: ASH) is a global leader in providing
`specialty chemical solutions to customers in a wide range of
`consumer and industrial markets. We use good chemistry to
`make great things happen for customers in more than 100
`countries.
`
`Our innovative products and services add value to a variety
`of things that touch people’s lives every day. Our chemistries
`help whiten your teeth, protect you from the sun and make
`your medicine work more effectively. They help create more
`sustainable building products and energy sources. They help
`your cars, trucks and other vehicles run better. Our ingredients
`can be found across a broad spectrum of applications,
`including adhesives, architectural coatings, automotive,
`construction, energy, food and beverage, personal care and
`pharmaceutical.
`
`At Ashland, we are more than 10,000 people – from renowned
`scientists and research chemists to talented engineers
`and plant operators – working together to deliver value to
`customers around the world.
`
`As a global company, however, Ashland has broader social
`responsibilities that go beyond our customers and into the
`regions, countries and cities where we live and work. From
`giving back to our local communities through volunteer service
`and charitable contributions, to providing comprehensive
`safety, compliance and employee development programs,
`we are dedicated to responsibly managing our global
`environmental, health, safety and security obligations and
`positively contributing to our communities.
`
`For more information, visit us at ashland.com.
`
`North America
`Employees:
`Manufacturing Sites:
`R&D/Tech Centers:
`
`7,000
`34
`8
`
`Europe
`
`Employees:
`Manufacturing Sites:
`R&D/Tech Centers:
`
`1,700
`14
`8
`
`Latin America and Other
`Employees:
`Manufacturing Sites:
`R&D/Tech Centers:
`
`300
`2
`5
`
`Asia Pacific
`Employees:
`Manufacturing Sites:
`R&D/Tech Centers:
`
`1,500
`5
`8
`
`Worldwide
`
`Employees:
`Manufacturing Sites:
`R&D/Tech Centers:
`
`~10,500
`55
`29
`
`2
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`

`

`Contents
`
`Product overview
`Solvents, intermediates and surfactants ............................................................ 6
`Vinyl monomers ............................................................................................................. 7
`Performance polymers .......................................................................................... 8-9
`Specialty chemicals ...................................................................................................... 9
`
`Surfactants, solvents and intermediates
`Surfadone™ solvent/wetting agent .................................................................. 10
`Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent ................................................................................. 11
`Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate esters ............................................... 12-13
`Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants ............................................................ 14
`Ceraphyl™, Cerasynt™ and Emulsynt™ emulsifiers ..................................... 14
`
`Vinyl monomers
`V-Pyrol™ vinylpyrrolidone ...................................................................................... 15
`V-Cap™ vinylcaprolactam ....................................................................................... 15
`Rapi-cure™ DVE-3 ether ............................................................................................ 16
`Rapi-cure HBVE ether ................................................................................................ 16
`
`Performance polymers
`PVP K-series polymers ........................................................................................ 17-18
`ViviPrint™ 540 polymers ............................................................................................19
`PVPP polymers ............................................................................................................. 19
`Xxtradura™ 5636 rheology modifier ..................................................................20
`Disintex™ disintegrants .............................................................................................20
`Polyplasdone™ and Polyclar™ PVPP ................................................................... 21
`Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers ............................................................................... 21
`Ganex™/Antaron™ polymers ..................................................................................22
`PVP/VA polymers ........................................................................................................ 23
`Polectron™ 430/Antara™ polymer ...................................................................... 24
`Vinylpyrrolidone/alkylaminomethacrylate and
`alkylaminomethacrylamide copolymers ........................................................ 24
`Sorez™ HS-205 and Gafquat™ copolymers .................................................... 25
`Gafquat™ HS-100 polymer ..................................................................................... 25
`Styleze™ CC-10 copolymer ...................................................................................... 26
`Setleze™ 3000 copolymer ...................................................................................... 26
`Styleze W polymers ................................................................................................... 26
`Styleze 2000 and Acrylidone™ LM polymers ............................................... 27
`UltraThix™ P-100 crosspolymer ............................................................................ 27
`Vinylcaprolactam polymers................................................................................... 28
`Gaffix™/Copolymer VC-713 polymer .................................................................. 28
`Aquaflex™ SF-40 polymer ...................................................................................... 29
`Aquastyle™ 300 tetrapolymer .............................................................................. 29
`Chromabond™ polymer ...........................................................................................30
`Sorez 100 copolymer ................................................................................................ 30
`Aquaflow™ polymers ................................................................................................ 31
`Gantrez™ AN copolymers ....................................................................................... 32
`Gantrez S copolymers .............................................................................................. 33
`Gantrez MS copolymers .......................................................................................... 33
`
`Gantrez ES copolymers ............................................................................................ 33
`EasySperse™ polymeric dispersant range ...................................................... 33
`Stabileze™ QM polymer........................................................................................... 34
`I-Rez™ 160 copolymer ...............................................................................................34
`Aquaflex™ FX-64 copolymer................................................................................. 35
`Aquaflex XL-30 copolymer ..................................................................................... 35
`Jaypol™ acrylates ........................................................................................................ 36
`Ashland™ 940 and 980 carbomers ..................................................................... 37
`RapiThix™ A-100 polymer ....................................................................................... 38
`RheoThix™ 601 thickening agent ........................................................................ 38
`Rapifloc™ A1-MG polymers .................................................................................... 39
`Bondwell™, Blanose™, Aqualon™ CMC............................................................. 40
`Ambergum™ water-soluble polymers ............................................................. 41
`Natrosol™, Natrosol B and Natrosol Plus hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) ..42-44
`Admiral™, Liberty™ and Natrosol FPS ................................................................ 45
`Culminal™, Benecel™ methylcellulose ....................................................... 46-49
`Culminal, Benecel methylcellulose derivatives ............................................ 48
`Culminal, Benecel methylhydroxypropylcellulose (MHPC) ................... 48
`Culminal, Combizell™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose (MHEC) ............... 49
`Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)............................................................. 50
`Aqualon™ ethylcellulose (EC) ................................................................................ 51
`Galactasol™ derivatized guar ................................................................................ 52
`
`Specialty chemicals
`Escalol™ UV filters ....................................................................................................... 52
`Micropowder™ Iron ................................................................................................... 53
`Iron Pentacarbonyl ..................................................................................................... 53
`Drewplus™/Advantage™ defoamers .......................................................... 55-56
`pHLEX™ neutralizing additive .............................................................................. 57
`
`Charts ........................................................................................................................58-71
`
`This brochure is organized into four categories representing
`major chemical families of Ashland products.
`
`Surfactants, Solvents and Intermediates
`pages 10–14
`
`Vinyl Monomers
`pages 15–16
`
`Performance Polymers
`pages 17–52
`
`Specialty Chemicals
`pages 52–57
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`3
`
`

`

`Chemical/product trade name cross-reference
`
`Chemical Name
`
`Acrylate polymer sodium salt
`
`Acrylic acid polymers
`
`Acrylic acid / VP crosspolymer
`
`Carbonyl iron powders
`
`Carboxymethylcellulose
`
`Esters and hydroxyesters
`
`2-ethylhexyl palmitate
`
`2-hydroxyethyl stearate
`
`2-hydroxyethyl sterate and ethylenglycol
`
`Bis (2-ethylhexyl) malate
`
`C12-C15 alkyl lactate
`
`Castor oil monomeleate
`
`Decyl oleate
`
`Diisopropyl adipate
`
`Glyceryl stearate and polyxyethylene lauryl ether
`
`Glyceryl sterate
`
`Hexadecyl lactate
`
`Isocetyl stearate
`
`Isocetyl stearoyl stearate
`
`Isodecyl neopentanoate
`
`Isodecyl oleate
`
`Isohexadecanol
`
`Isotearyl neopentanoate
`
`Lauryl lactacte
`
`Maleated soybean oil
`
`Octyldoddecyl stearoyl steate
`
`Octyldodecyl stearate
`
`Propylene glycol monostearate
`
`Tetradecyl lactate
`
`Tetradecyl tertradecanoate
`
`Tridecyl neopentanoate
`
`Ethylcellulose
`
`Foam Control (defoamers and anti-foam)
`
`Guar Derivatives (nonionic, anionic, cationic)
`
`Hydrophobically modified polyacetal-polyethers
`
`Hydroxyethylcellulose
`
`Hydrophobically modified hydroxyethylcellulose
`
`Hydroxypropylcellulose
`
`Iron pentacarbonyl
`
`Isobutylene/maleic anhydride copolymer
`
`Isobutylene/ethylmaleimide/hydroxyethylmaleimide copolymer
`
`Ashland Brand
`RheoThix™ 601
`
`Jaypol™, Carbomer, Rapifloc™
`
`UltraThix™
`
`Micropowder™ Iron
`
`Aqualon™, Bondwell™, CMC, Blanose™
`
`Ceraphyl™, Cerasynt™
`
`Ceraphyl 368 M
`
`Cerasynt M
`
`Cerasynt IP
`
`Ceraphyl 45
`
`Ceraphyl 41
`
`Ceraphyl RMT
`
`Ceraphyl 140
`
`Ceraphyl 230
`
`Cerasynt 945
`
`Cerasynt SD
`
`Ceraphyl 28
`
`Ceraphyl 494
`
`Ceraphyl 791
`
`Ceraphyl SLK
`
`Ceraphyl 140 A
`
`Ceraphyl ICA
`
`Ceraphyl 375
`
`Ceraphyl 31
`
`Ceraphyl NGA
`
`Ceraphyl 847
`
`Ceraphyl ODS
`
`Cerasynt PA
`
`Ceraphyl 50
`
`Ceraphyl 424
`
`Ceraphyl 55
`
`Aqualon™ EC
`
`Drewplus™/Advantage™
`
`Galactosol™
`
`Aquaflow™
`
`Natrosol™
`
`Natrosol Plus
`
`Klucel™
`
`Iron Pentacarbonyl
`
`I-Rez™
`
`Aquaflex™
`
`4
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`

`

`Chemical/product trade name cross-reference
`
`Chemical Name
`
`Methylcellulose
`
`Methylhydroxyethylcellulose
`
`Methylhydroxypropylcellulose
`
`Methylvinylether / maleic anhydride copolymer
`
`Methylvinylether / maleic acid copolymer
`
`Methylvinylether / maleic acid half esters copolymer
`
`N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone
`
`N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone (NOP)
`
`Polyethylene glycol polyester copolymer
`
`Poly (methylvinylether/maleic anhydride decadiene) crosspolymer
`
`Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone
`
`Polyvinylpyrrolidone alkylated
`
`Polyvinylpyrrolidone / polystyrene
`
`Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP )
`
`Pyridine, 4-ethenyl-, homopolymer, sodium chloroacetate quaternized
`
`Surfactants, emulsifiers, wetting agents
`
`Ultraviolet absorbers
`
`1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-(4-terbutylphenyl) propan-1,3-dione
`
`2,2-[6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl] bis {5-[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]phenol}
`
`2-Ethylhexyl 2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate
`
`2-Ethylhexyl-pdimethylaminobenzoate
`
`2-Ethylhexyl-p methoxycinnamate
`
`2-Ethylhexyl salicylate
`
`2-Hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone
`
`5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene sulfonic acid
`
`Vinyl caprolactam (VCP)
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP)
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone copolymers
`
`Ashland Brand
`Combizell™, Culminal™, Benecel™
`
`Benecel, Culminal, Combizell
`
`Culminal, Benecel, Combizell
`
`Gantrez™ AN
`
`Gantrez S
`
`Gantrez ES, EasySperse™
`
`Surfadone™ LP-300
`
`Surfadone LP-100
`
`Sorez™ 100
`
`Stabileze™ QM polymer
`
`PVP
`
`Ganex™/Antaron™
`
`Polectron™/Antara™
`
`ViviPrint, Disintex™, PolyClar™
`
`Chromabond™
`
`Easy-Wet™, Dextrol™, Strodex™, Surfadone
`
`Escalol™
`
`Escalol 517
`
`Escalol S
`
`Escalol 598
`
`Escalol 507
`
`Escalol 557
`
`Escalol 587
`
`Escalol 567
`
`Escalol 577
`
`V-Cap™
`
`V-Pyrol™
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymers
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide copolymer
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide/ methacryloylaminopropyllauryl dimethyl ammonium
`chloride terpolymer
`
`PVP/VA polymers
`
`Sorez™, Gafquat™
`
`Styleze™, ViviPrint, Setleze™
`
`Gafquat
`
`Styleze
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/acrylic acid/lauryl methacrylate terpolymer
`
`Styleze, Acrylidone™
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate terpolymer
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/vinylcaprolactam copolymer
`
`Vinyl caprolactam/vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide terpolymer
`
`Vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl caprolactam/dimethylaminopropylmethacrylamide and methacryloylaminopropyl lauryl
`dimethyl ammonium chloride tetrapolymer
`
`Gaffix™
`
`Inhibex™
`
`Aquaflex™
`
`Aquastyle™
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`5
`
`

`

`Surfactants, solvents and intermediates
`
`• CHP™ solvent (n-cyclohexyl-2-pyrrolidone): Individual
`cosolvent or in combination with M-Pyrol n-methyl-2-
`pyrrolidone and BLO™ gamma-butyrolactone solvents to
`enhance performance by broadening solubility range in
`circuit board fabrication, cleaning formulations, dyeing bath
`additive and paint strippers.
`The common characteristic of these chemicals is high solubility
`in hydrophilic media.
`
`
`
`• Propargyl Alcohol and Butynediol, due to their high
`electron density of the acetylenic bond, function as metal-
`complexing and corrosion-inhibiting agents.
`• Butenediol, having a cis double bond enters into
`Diels-Alder reactions, and Butanediol finds application
`as a plasticizer and humectant.
` All four alcohols function as precursors to numerous
`derivatives such as esters, carbamates, polyesters and
`urethanes.
`• THF is an inert solvent for numerous polymer and
`organometallic reactions and is the precursor of
`polytetramethyleneglycol.
`• BLO™ gamma-butyrolactone is a polar solvent for ionic
`substrates and functions as an acid donor in aqueous media
`at elevated temperatures.
`
`Emulsifiers, dispersants and lubricants
`Ashland has a broad family of water-insoluble esters and
`hydroxyesters sold under the Ceraphyl™ and Cerasynt™
`trademarks as lubricants, dispersants and emulsifiers. These
`chemicals typically are surface active and find use in HI&I,
`plastics, textile, photography, inks and coatings markets. A
`variety of esters is available with a range of properties, including
`liquids and waxy solids. In addition, amide and quaternary-
`ammonium salts are available.
`
`Surfactants
` The Surfadone™ alkyl pyrrolidones are hydrophobic in
`nature, functioning as excellent wetting agents and effective
`dispersing and cleaning aids.
`
`Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are
`leading technologies within our extensive portfolio of high-
`quality additives. These high-performance specialty surfactants
`exhibit superior wetting and emulsifying properties and
`are unique in that their compositions can be modified to
`achieve specific properties. Dextrol and Strodex phosphate
`ester surfactants demonstrate a strong viscosity profile and
`broad compatibility as well as good stability to a wide range
`of temperatures, pH and hard water. They provide corrosion
`inhibition, emulsification and dispersion properties.
`
`Solvents and intermediates
`Pyrrolidones: This family of chemicals varies in properties
`as a function of substitution on the lactam nitrogen atom. All
`members are characterized by low vapor pressure, high flash
`point, high dipole moment, ready complex formation, surface
`activity as the alkyl chain lengthens, and biodegradability when
`the alkyl chain is linear.
`
`
`
`• 2-Pyrol™ 2-pyrrolidone is used as a humectant, cosolvent
`with water, coalescent aid and plasticizer.
` The lower alkyl pyrrolidones, most notably M-Pyrol™
`n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, are excellent polymer solvents,
`paint and photoresist strippers, paint coalescents, industrial
`cleaners and extraction solvents.
`• M-Pyrol™ solvent (n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone): Solvent,
`cosolvent and diluent. Used in cleaners, coating and
`photoresist strippers, coalescents and rechargeable battery
`manufacture.
`• NEP™ solvent (n-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone): Low-temperature
`reaction solvent for temperature-sensitive reactions and
`cosolvent used individually or in combination with other
`water-soluble solvents. Used as an alternative for n-methyl-2-
`pyrrolidone.
`• HEP™ solvent (n-hydroxyethyl-2-pyrrolidone): Cosolvent
`formulated individually or in combination with M-Pyrol
`solvent for strippers and cleaners and as an intermediate.
`
`6
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`Not available in EMEA
`
`

`

`Vinyl monomers
`
`Vinyllactam ethers are offered for applications
`based on the utility of their olefin linkage.
`• V-Pyrol™ inhibited or caustic n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is
`water-soluble and undergoes free radical homo- and
`copolymerizations as well as grafting reactions. V-Pyrol
`n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone is a low-viscosity reactive diluent for
`UV radiation curing processing.
`• V-Cap™ n-vinyl-2-caprolactam is only slightly soluble in
`water, but can function in many applications similar to
`V-Pyrol n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone.
`• Fully formulated UV-curable Gafgard™ coating systems
`impart abrasion and solvent resistance to a wide variety
`of surfaces.
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`7
`
`

`

`Performance polymers
`
`The largest family of polymers produced by Ashland is based
`on n-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone and cellulose ethers. These include
`polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) homopolymers and copolymers.
`The latter contain functionality from coreactants, including
`vinyl acetate, PVP/VA, alpha-olefin, and Ganex™/Antaron™
`1 copolymers. Dimethylaminoalkylene-methacrylate or
`-methacrylamide copolymers and their derivatives make
`up the Gafquat™ and styrene and Polectron™/Antara™ 430
`copolymers.2 Many properties are shared among the groups,
`but each also has unique characteristics, varying with structure.
`The following are examples:
`
`• PVP: high polarity, dispersancy, hydrophilicity, adhesion,
`cohesivity and high Tg.
`• PVP/VA: thermoplasticity, oxygen permeability, varying
`hydrophilicity and adhesion.
`• Ganex/Antaron copolymers: hydrophobicity, an emulsifier
`and dispersant for nonaqueous systems.
`• Gafquat copolymer: basicity, substantivity and high charge
`density.
`• Polectron/Antara copolymers: thickening and opacifying
`emulsion.
`Ashland also offers polymers based on V-Cap reactive
`monomer. These include vinylcaprolactam homopolymers,
`copolymers with vinylpyrrolidone and terpolymers containing
`both lactam monomers and dimethylaminoalkylene-
`methacrylate or -methacrylamide. These polymers are generally
`more hydrophobic than the V-Pyrol reactive monomer-
`based products mentioned above but offer many of the
`functional properties inherent in the lactam ring. Among
`other applications, Inhibex™ polymers are highly efficient as
`inhibitors of gas hydrate formation.
`
`A range of alternating copolymers based on methylvinylether
`and maleic anhydride are produced by Ashland:
`
`• The Gantrez™ AN family of methylvinylether/maleic
`anhydride copolymers is characterized by aprotic polar
`solvent solubility and reaction with protic compounds such
`as water, alcohols and amines with facile film formation.
`• The hydrolyzed Gantrez S polycarboxylic acid resins
`function as dispersants, divalent cation binding agents and
`polymeric acidifiers.
`
`Acrylate Chemistry
`Ashland offers one of the world’s broadest portfolios of high-
`performing acrylate chemistry. The breadth of our product
`portfolio means that we can offer chemistry that is highly
`targeted to particular applications. Our products include
`rheology modifiers, dispersants, cobinders and emulsifiers
`that work as processing aids and performance enhancers for
`applications as diverse as paint and coatings, cleaning
`products, oilfield chemicals, textile manufacture, water
`treatment and more.
`
`Cellulose Ethers
`Cellulose ethers are divided into ionic and nonionic
`types. The ionic cellulose ethers, Aqualon™/Blanose™/
`Bondwell™/AquaVIS™ sodium carboxymethylcellulose,
`contain substituents that are anionic electrically
`charged. Nonionic cellulose ethers include Natrosol™
`hydroxyethylcellulose, Benecel™ and Culminal™/
`Combizell™ methylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose and
`methylhydroxypropylcellulose, Klucel™ hydroxypropylcellulose
`and Aqualon™ ethylcellulose and carry electrically neutral
`substituents. Nonionic cellulose ethers can be further classified
`by their solubility in cold, warm or hot water, and in organic
`solvents.
`
`Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of anhydroglucose
`units, which are linked through beta-glycosidic bonds. The
`number “n” of anhydroglucose units in the polymer chain is
`defined as the degree of polymerization (DP).
`
`Each anhydroglucose ring carries three free OH groups
`at positions 2, 3 and 6. Ethers of cellulose are formed by
`substituting one or more of the three hydroxyl groups. The
`distribution of the substituents introduced onto the polymer
`chain is largely determined by the relative reactivity of these
`three OH groups.
`
`The number of substituted hydroxyl groups per
`anhydroglucose unit is expressed as DS or average degree of
`substitution. The DS can vary between 0 and 3. In the case of
`alkoxylation, the molar ratio of alkoxy groups in the side chains
`to cellulose is specified and expressed as the average molecular
`substitution (MS). Instead of DS and MS, the weight percent of
`the substituents in the cellulose ether is often quoted. The use
`of one etherification agent in the substitution process results in
`a simple cellulose ether, whereas using different kinds of agents
`leads to mixed ethers. Industrial cellulose ethers are alkyl,
`alkylhydroxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl and carboxyalkyl ethers.
`
`1 Ganex™ is sold as Antaron™ in Europe and Canada.
`2 Polectron™ 430 is sold as Antara™ 430 in Europe and Asia Pacific.
`
`8
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`

`

`Performance polymers
`
`Specialty chemicals
`
`Rheology Modifiers
`Aquaflow™ nonionic synthetic associative thickeners (NSATs)
`are efficient thickeners for high-performance waterborne
`coatings. These easy-to-handle liquids build rheology in
`paints and coatings through self-association and interaction
`with other ingredients. Aquaflow rheology modifiers are
`based on hydrophobically modified polyacetal-polyether
`(HM-PAPE) chemistry and are designed to function as drop-in
`replacements for urethane-type (HEUR) thickeners.
`
`Ultraviolet Absorbers
`The Escalol™ family of UV absorbers are high-boiling, water-
`insoluble liquid esters with broad absorption in the UV-B
`radiation region (290 to 320 nm).
`
`Carbonyl Iron Powder
`Micropowder™ iron powders are characterized as fine, high-
`purity, micron-size spherical particles with superior electronic
`and magnetic properties.
`
`Foam Control Agents
`Drewplus™ and Advantage™ defoamers comprise a range
`of proprietary products that effectively control foam and
`entrained air in industrial processes and wastewater systems.
`In addition to collapsing or breaking down existing foam,
`the products remain on the water’s surface to prevent the
`formation of future foam. Ashland offers a range of highly
`efficient, hydrocarbon-, vegetable oil-, polysiloxane- and
`polyglycol-based antifoaming agents.
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`9
`
`

`

`Surfactants, solvents and intermediates
`
`Surfadone™ LP-100 solvent/wetting agent
`N-octyl-2-pyrrolidone
`
`Surfadone LP-300 solvent/wetting agent
`N-dodecyl-2-pyrrolidone
`
`Applications
`• High-boiling solvent for polymers and hydrophobic
`substances.
`• Substitute for fluorocarbon surfactants used for oil well
`stimulation.
`• Additive in hand or automatic dish washing detergents.
`• Ingredient in pressure-sensitive adhesives.
`
`Physical Properties
`Boiling point
`Flash point
`Freezing point
`Viscosity
`Minimum equilibrium surface tension
`
`145 °C @ 0.2 mm Hg
`116 °C
`10 °C
`17 cP @ 25 °C
` 26 mN/m @ 20 ppm
`
`Chemistry
`Surfadone LP-300 wetting agent is sparingly soluble in water
`(0.02 weight percent) and soluble in most organic solvents. It is
`a low-foaming, nonionic surfactant with an HLB of 3 and has no
`critical micelle concentration. Like its lower homolog, Surfadone
`LP-300 wetting agent interacts with anionic surfactants
`forming mixed micelles that greatly enhance its solubility,
`resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting
`enhancement. Appropriate combinations of Surfadone LP-
`300 wetting agent and anionic surfactants produce viscous
`solutions and gels.
`
`Applications
`• Soil penetrant and softener in hard-surface cleaners, laundry
`prespotters and metal cleaning.
`• Wetting agent for dish washing, industrial and institutional
`cleaners.
`• Isopropyl alcohol replacement in fountain solutions.
`• Solvent for polymers and hydrophobic substances.
`• Pigment dispersion aid and pigment conditioning solvent.
`• Component of photoresist strippers.
`• Wetting agent for aqueous systems.
`• Component in microemulsifying systems.
`
`Physical Properties
`Boiling point
`Vapor pressure
`Flash point
`Freezing point
`Viscosity
`Minimum equilibrium surface tension
`
`Minimum dynamic surface tension
`
`100 °C @ 0.3 mm Hg
`<0.001 mm Hg @ 25 °C
`113 °C
`-25 °C
`8 cP @ 20 °C
`28 mN/m @
`1200 ppm
`35 mN/m @
`10 bubbles/sec
`
`Chemistry
`Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent is a low-foaming, nonionic
`rapid wetting agent with an HLB of 6 and having no critical
`micelle concentration. Due to the electron delocalized lactam
`ring, Surfadone LP-100 wetting agent interacts with anionic
`surfactant micelles. This greatly enhances its water solubility,
`resulting in a synergistic surface tension reduction and wetting
`enhancement at low concentrations.
`
`10
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`

`

`Surfactants, solvents and intermediates
`
`Easy-Wet™ 20 wetting agent
`
`Applications
`• Hard-surface cleaners.
`• Glass and tile cleaners.
`• Industrial and institutional cleaners.
`• Textile processing.
`• Pigment wetting.
`
`Benefits
`• Faster wetting.
`• Lower use levels.
`• Low contact angles.
`• Improved spreading on most surfaces.
`• Better equilibrium surface tension.
`• Enhanced cleaning performance.
`
`Physical Properties
`Physical form
`pH (10 wt% aq.)
`Viscosity
`Specific gravity @ 25 °C
`
`Clear liquid
`4.0-6.0
`15-30 cP @ 25 °C
`0.92-0.95
`
`Chemistry
`Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent is a proprietary super-wetting agent
`in a convenient-to-use liquid form. Easy-Wet 20 wetting agent
`is a cost-effective premium wetter/surfactant suitable for HI&I
`cleaning, textiles, pigments and other industrial applications
`where superior wetting and spreading performance is required.
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`11
`
`

`

`Surfactants
`
`Phosphate esters and specialty surfactants
`Dextrol™ and Strodex™ phosphate ester surfactants are leading technologies within our ever-
`expanding portfolio of high-performance additives. Dextrol and Strodex surfactants have been
`developed for high performance in a variety of end-use applications by engineering specific
`chemistries under precisely controlled reaction conditions. Dextrol and Strodex are unique mono-
`and diester phosphates as well as specialty surfactants that provide wetting, improve dispersion and
`emulsion stabilization, and provide corrosion protection.
`
`-2 Monoester
`PO4
`
`-1 Diester
`PO4
`
`-1 Coester
`PO4
`
`Product
`
`Salt
`Form
`
`Chemical Description/
`Moles of EO
`
`Typical Active
`Content [%]
`
`Typical Viscosity
`[cP at 25 ºC]
`
`Surface Tension: 0.1
`Active wt% in water;
`pH ~7[dynes/cm]
`
`Relative Solubility
`in Water
`
`Dextrol OC-20/22
`
`Dextrol OC-15
`
`Dextrol OC-100
`
`Dextrol OC-94
`
`Dextrol OC-93Z
`
`Dextrol OC-70
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol
`Ethoxylate (10 moles)
`
`Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol
`Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
`
`Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol
`Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
`
`Phosphate Ester of Decyl
`Alcohol Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl
`Alcohol Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol
`Ethoxylate (10 moles)
`
`97
`
`97
`
`97
`
`98
`
`99
`
`97
`
`97
`
`5,600
`
`3,600
`
`36,000
`
`20,000
`
`3,500
`
`800
`
`800
`
`35.3
`
`30.3
`
`33.4
`
`36.2
`
`30.1
`
`Hydrophilic
`
`Hydrophobic
`
`Hydrophilic
`
`Dextrol OC-60
`
`Dextrol OC-97
`
`Dextrol OC-40
`
`Strodex FT-100
`
`Strodex LH-55
`
`Strodex SE-100
`
`Strodex P-100
`
`Zenix 4617
`
`Strodex MO-100
`
`Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol
`Ethoxylate (6 moles)
`
`Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol
`Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol
`Ethoxylate (3 moles)
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol
`Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Coester of Aliphatic
`Ethoxylate Mixture
`
`Phosphate Coester of Alcohol
`and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Ester of Oleyl Alcohol
`Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`H
`
`Bold = Not available in EMEA
`
`98
`
`97
`
`99
`
`80
`
`96
`
`98
`
`98
`
`98
`
`1,500
`
`800
`
`4,000
`
`10,000
`
`200
`
`600
`
`3,300
`
`1,300
`
`Hydrophobic
`
`Hydrophilic
`
`26.5
`
`50
`
`27.9
`
`29.8
`
`43
`
`Hydrophobic
`
`12
`
`Performance Specialties Reference Guide
`
`

`

`Surfactants
`
`Product
`
`Phosphate
`Acid Source
`
`Salt
`Form
`
`Chemical Description/
`Moles of EO
`
`Dextrol OC-7525
`
`Dextrol OC-70
`
`Dextrol OC-78N
`
`Dextrol OC-70
`
`Dextrol OC-6025
`
`Dextrol OC-60
`
`Dextrol OC-180
`
`Dextrol OC-60
`
`Dextrol OC-180HS
`
`Dextrol OC-60
`
`Dextrol OC-50
`
`Dextrol OC-15
`
`Dextrol OC-4025
`
`Dextrol OC-40
`
`Dextrol OC-45N
`
`Dextrol OC-40
`
`Strodex FT-50K
`
`Strodex FT-100
`
`Strodex SEK-50D
`
`Strodex SE-100
`
`Strodex TH-100
`
`NH4
`Na
`NH4
`K
`
`Na
`
`Na
`NH4
`Na
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`10
`
`10
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`6
`
`3
`
`3
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`Phosphate Coester Aliphatic
`Ethoxylate Mixture
`
`Proprietary Blend
`
`Proprietary Blend
`
`Typical
`Active
`Content [%]
`25
`
`Typical
`Viscosity [cP
`at 25 ºC]
`600
`
`Surface Tension: 0.1
`Active wt% in Water;
`pH ~7 [dynes/cm]
`36.2
`
`Relative
`Solubility in
`Water
`Hydrophilic
`
`89
`
`25
`
`45
`
`90
`
`90
`
`25
`
`82
`
`50
`
`50
`
`81
`
`89
`
`15,000
`
`600
`
`600
`
`2,000
`
`6,000
`
`600
`
`8,600
`
`< 100
`
`100
`
`300
`
`100
`
`36.2
`
`26.5
`
`30.1
`
`30.3
`
`26.5
`
`26.5
`
`50
`
`27.9
`
`Hydrophobic
`
`Hydrophilic
`
`Strodex FT-427
`
`Strodex FT-428
`
`Strodex PLF-100
`
`Strodex LFK-70
`
`Strodex PSK-28
`
`Strodex NB-20
`
`Proprietary Blend
`
`Strodex PK-90
`
`Strodex P-100
`
`Strodex PK-95G
`
`Strodex P-100
`
`Strodex PK-85NV
`
`Strodex P-100
`
`Strodex PK-OVOC
`
`Strodex P-100
`
`Strodex MOK-70
`
`Strodex MO-100
`
`Strodex KM-400LV
`
`Strodex MO-100
`
`Strodex EHK-70
`
`K
`
`K
`
`Na
`
`L
`
`K
`
`Na
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`K
`
`Proprietary Blend
`
`Phosphate Coester
`
`Phosphate Coester
`
`Phosphate Coester Alcohol
`and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Coester Alcohol
`and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Coester Alcohol
`and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphate Coester Alcohol
`and Aliphatic Ethoxylate
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`Phosphated Alcohol
`
`76
`
`82
`
`70
`
`55
`
`99
`
`90
`
`80
`
`65
`
`35
`
`70
`
`60
`
`70
`
`Bold = Not available in EMEA
`
`350
`
`1500
`
`400
`
`50
`
`500
`
`7,000
`
`1,700
`
`250
`
`280
`
`Partial Gel
`>100K
`
`100
`
`Partial Gel
`>100K
`
`35.8
`
`28.4
`
`29.8
`
`29.8
`
`29.8
`
`30.5
`
`36.9
`
`43
`
`43
`
`Hydrophobic
`
`Performance Specialties Referenc