SPAY018—June 2004
`White Paper
`
`Uni-DSL™: One DSL for Universal Service.
`
`Douglas Chrissan
`Program Manager, UDSL Central Office Systems,
`Broadband Communications Group
`Texas Instruments Incorporated
`
`DSL technology’s history of rapid evolution has been rewarded with market success. Yet its greatest
`challenge lies ahead. New technologies must be developed to handle bandwidth-intensive, next-
`generation DSL services. The factors shaping new services include high-data-rate video delivery,
`infrastructure cost considerations, and competing broadband access technologies – especially in light of
`the triple-play video, data, and voice packages already being offered by some cable TV operators.
`
`To meet the needs of DSL users and operators, TI is developing a next-generation DSL delivery platform
`called Uni-DSL. This white paper introduces Uni-DSL and its ability to provide one DSL for universal
`service. The paper has four main objectives:
`
`1. To present the forces driving Uni-DSL development and to define Uni-DSL in terms of higher data
`rates and universal service.
`2. To enumerate the technological advancements enabling Uni-DSL; and, to describe typical system
`configurations for end-to-end Uni-DSL service delivery.
`3. To summarize the benefits to users in terms of new applications and services; and to operators in
`terms of increased revenue and decreased operating and infrastructure costs.
`4. To explain how broadband silicon vendors can differentiate themselves in terms of performance,
`system integration and value-added applications; and, to show how Texas Instruments is
`uniquely qualified to deliver complete, best-in-class Uni-DSL silicon and software.
`
`Introduction: The last-mile challenge
`
`Delivering the data rates available within most of the Internet infrastructure to end users has always been
`hindered by the “last-mile” bottleneck – the connection of homes and businesses to the edge routers that
`reside in Internet access points or points of presence (PoPs). Broadband technologies such as DSL
`unplug this bottleneck by providing high-speed data connectivity from the PoPs to the customer premises.
`
`Higher connection speeds enable multimedia applications such as listening to real-time Internet audio
`streaming from remote sources, viewing video news clips and movies, and posting and transferring still
`images.
`
`Even though broadband has facilitated a wide range of new data services, new and more demanding
`services are taxing the broadband access infrastructure. Peer-to-peer file sharing, interactive gaming and
`VoIP telephony are three hot applications today.
`
`In the near future, higher quality audio/video broadcast and conferencing, telecommuting with high-speed
`graphics transfer and other applications will become mainstream – as soon as they can be enabled.
`
`The primary broadband growth drivers and their impacts are summarized in Texas Instruments’ vision is
`that broadband multimedia – video, audio, voice, and data – will be delivered to and distributed within the
`home or business to personal endpoint devices. Services will be affordable and easy to use. They will be
`delivered quickly, securely and reliably. In the future, all things will be connected.
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`•
`
`•
`
`Drivers
`•
`Demand for High Speed Connections,
`Streaming Video and Audio
`Home Networking: Multiple PCs and
`Internet Appliances in the Home
`Multiple Services Delivered to Multiple
`Endpoints, Providing Information,
`Communication, Entertainment and
`Home Control
`Consumer Requirement for Ease of
`Use
`Shift from PC World to Embedded
`(Residential Gateways and Integrated
`Access Devices)
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`
`•
`•
`
`Impacts
`•
`More Bandwidth Consumed per
`Home
`QoS Needed End-to-End
`Network Capable Consumer
`Electronics Devices
`Video/Audio Distributed In-home
`Various Internet Appliances, End
`Points & Services through the
`Home Network
`Improved Security to Protect
`Consumer, Provider & Content
`Seamless Interoperability for
`Networked Devices Required
`
`•
`
`•
`
`Figure 1: Drivers and Impacts of Broadband Growth
`
`Accelerated evolution needed
`
`DSL technology has evolved rapidly over the years. Present-generation Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
`provides up to 8 Mbps from the network to the subscriber (downstream) and 1 Mbps from the subscriber
`to the network (upstream). The ADSL2 and ADSL2+ standards have been ratified. ADSL2+ enables
`downstream data rates up to 24 Mbps and upstream data rates up to 3 Mbps by doubling the line
`bandwidth to 2.2 MHz.
`
`Very-high bit-rate DSL, or VDSL, can support asymmetric data rates of up to 52 Mbps on short (1-2 kft
`maximum) copper loops. But VSDL has not been widely adopted because of its short-loop limitation. The
`VDSL2 standard is currently advancing in the standards bodies and is expected to be ratified sometime in
`2005.
`
`For additional discussion of DSL evolution, see the
`sidebar article DSL: A History of Innovation.
`
`Texas Instruments believes none of these developing standards alone will meet the demands of an
`increasingly competitive environment.
`
`1. Factors driving Uni-DSL development
`
`Uni-DSL – One DSL for Universal Service – is a new DSL delivery platform proposed by TI and enabled
`by TI’s next-generation DSL modem integrated circuits and software.
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`Next-generation DSL equipment – and the
`systems based on this delivery platform – will
`support aggregate upstream plus downstream
`data rates up to 200 Mbps, including 100 Mbps
`symmetric, and will optimize the performance
`and service delivery for every local loop in the
`network.
`
`The service is Universal because it takes
`advantage of both ADSL2+ and VDSL2
`technology and supports a converged upgrade
`path that includes both ADSL/ADSL2 and
`VDSL1.
`
`Specifically, Uni-DSL provides:
`
`•
`
`•
`
`Enriched and reliable service delivery to
`users – both home and business – including
`triple play data, voice and video services at
`data rates up to 200 Mbps aggregate
`• Optimal performance and future-proof
`service delivery for each loop in the
`network.
`Unified, cost-effective network upgrade path
`as fiber is deployed further from the central
`office and closer to end users.
`Unified, cost-effective provisioning and
`management
`Backward compatibility with current
`infrastructure
`
`•
`
`•
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`SPAY018—June 2004
`White Paper
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`DSL: A History of Innovation
`
`The twisted-pair copper access network has been in place
`for more than a century and has well served the needs of
`voice telephony. Over the latter half of that century,
`however, the network has also evolved to support data
`communications, driving the development of Digital
`Subscriber Line (DSL) technology to carry high-speed
`data over twisted copper pairs.
`
`The earliest type of DSL was basic rate ISDN, deployed in
`1986, supporting two 64 kbps B channels and one 16 kbps
`D channel for a total of 144 kbps. High-data-rate DSL
`(HDSL), introduced in 1992, offered 1.5 Mbps symmetric
`service on a single pair to small and medium enterprise
`customers (SMEs) as a competitive alternative to T1/E1.
`
`Various other forms of non-standard symmetric DSL
`(SDSL) were deployed by competitive service providers on
`leased copper pairs. SDSL standardization converged in
`the development of ITU standard G.991.2, known as
`G.shdsl, providing for a replacement SDSL service with
`data rates from 192 kbps to 2.3 Mbps.
`
`These DSL technologies have shown continual growth in
`total deployment but they are tailored to the limited SME
`subscriber base and are expensive for residential users. It
`was not until cost-effective ADSL enabled the web
`browsing needs of residential users that DSL’s explosive
`growth occurred.
`
`Asymmetric DSL, or ADSL, provides up to 8 Mbps from
`the network to the subscriber (downstream) and 1 Mbps
`from the subscriber to the network (upstream). The
`asymmetry of ADSL has proved ideal for residential users
`because typical applications like web browsing and media
`streaming demand much higher data rates downstream
`than upstream.
`
`Lower system costs
`
`The popularity and standardization of ADSL have driven
`system costs low enough for the typical residential user to
`affordably subscribe, facilitating worldwide growth from
`18M in 2001 to 110M in 2004, or 83% year-on-year
`growth. The ADSL2 and ADSL2+ standards have now
`been ratified, with ADSL2+ enabling downstream data
`rates up to 24 Mbps and upstream data rates up to 3
`Mbps by doubling the line bandwidth to 2.2 MHz.
`
`Continued on Page 4
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`Factors driving Uni-DSL development
`
`Uni-DSL development is being driven by many
`important factors, as listed here and discussed
`below:
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`•
`
`DSL operators need to support competitive
`triple-play services, eventually including
`multiple channels of on-demand HDTV
`video delivery
`Appealing business case alternative to Fiber
`to the Home (FTTH)
`Advancements in DSL technology
`VDSL2 standards development
`Unique advantages over cable and other
`shared medium broadband services
`
`One of the service providers’ major concerns is
`the continuing loss of traditional analog
`telephony revenue from the copper
`infrastructure. This threat has two distinct
`aspects:
`
`•
`
`The popularity of wireless phones means
`many people are substituting their traditional
`wire line phone service
`• Other broadband service providers are
`adding telephony to their broadband
`offerings
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`SPAY018—June 2004
`White Paper
`
`Very-high bit-rate DSL, or VDSL, can support asymmetric
`data rates of up to 52 Mbps on short (1-2 kft maximum)
`copper loops. However, since the line length (reach)
`between the central office (CO) or remote terminal (RT)
`modem and the customer premises equipment (CPE) for
`most users is greater than 1-2 kft, VDSL is not a viable
`service for these users.
`
`In addition, VDSL standardization has lagged ADSL and
`available products are more proprietary and expensive, so
`at present VDSL service is primarily restricted to select
`businesses and residential users willing to pay a premium
`for these rates. The VDSL2 standard is currently
`advancing in the standards bodies.
`
`Standards development status
`
`The ADSL2+ standard is enabling a new wave of DSL
`equipment just coming to market to support up to 24 Mbps
`downstream, and deployment from the RT is expected to
`ramp over the next several years. The VDSL2 standard,
`however, is still in development and is expected to be
`ratified sometime in 2005.
`
`TI is actively involved in the VDSL2 standards process
`and has already submitted a number of technical
`contributions. Some operators currently deploy VDSL1,
`but they are generally concerned with the lack of a unified,
`widely productized VDSL standard; other operators are
`simply waiting.
`
`The ratification of VDSL2, with the involvement of
`operators, equipment vendors and silicon providers, will
`eliminate these concerns and open the gates for next-
`generation DSL deployment to proceed.
`
`It is estimated that service providers are losing
`1-2 percent of their installed customer base per
`year to these alternative service options. Given
`that cable already provides video, telephony and
`high-speed data in much of its service area, the
`threat is quite real and the need to enable new
`services to extract more revenue from the existing copper base is obvious.
`
`Fiber’s unfulfilled promise
`
`One solution is to overlay or replace the copper physical plant with fiber. Such a FTTH build-out is in the
`long-term strategic plan of many LECs, but at the same time it is recognized that deploying fiber all the
`way to every end user typically does not justify the capital cost of the upgrade, especially in developed
`areas that require significant retrenching and/or running of aerial fiber.
`
`FTTH installations by LECs to date have been primarily in greenfield (new development) locations and in
`certain generally affluent areas with high expected take rates. The compromise to FTTH for most
`developed areas is, and will be, to expand fiber out from the central office gradually, stopping at several
`natural transition points in the copper plant. Mass deployment of FTTH is not envisioned for many years.
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`White Paper
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`Uni-DSL Deployment Locations and Data Rate Tradeoffs
`
`Possible locations for DSL equipment include the central office (CO), remote terminal (RT), cross-connect
`box, pedestal, curb, or basements and wiring closets of multi-dwelling units (MDUs) and enterprises.
`
`Figure 2 depicts these locations and their respective upper-range distances from the customer premises
`as typically found in North America. In many countries loop lengths tend to be shorter, so this diagram
`somewhat represents worst case. DSL services that can be deployed from each location and the data
`rates expected from them are noted in the figure.
`
`Figure 2: DSL Deployment points within the copper loop plant and the DSL services available from
`those points.
`
`Most loop lengths from the central office (CO) or remote terminal (RT) are 6 kft or less, but depending on
`loop plant topology up to 30% are more than 6 kft and some approach the carrier service area (CSA) limit
`of 12 kft of 24 gauge wire or 9 kft of 26 gauge wire.
`
`As shown in a comparison of the rate and reach performance of the various DSL standards, VDSL2 can
`provide >15 Mbps for those loop lengths in the 5-6 kft or less region. Assuming MPEG4 video at ~6-10
`Mbps for HDTV, 2-4 Mbps for SDTV, data service at 1.5-3 Mbps, and voice service at several hundred
`kbps, this 15 Mbps will accommodate triple-play services to more than 70% of the service area.
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`SPAY018—June 2004
`White Paper
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`In addition, since most users have two copper pairs already installed to the premises, two VDSL2 pairs
`can be bonded together into one logical data pipe for an aggregate downstream data rate of 30 Mbps.
`
`Remote-terminal deployment
`
`At present the most popular DSL upgrade path for service providers is to move deployment from the CO
`to the RT. Their primary motivation is to increase service availability and coverage area for high-speed
`Internet access at 1.5 Mbps or less.
`
`But as shown in Figure 2, deploying Uni-DSL modems from the RT will in fact also enable a video delivery
`service to most of the subscriber base. Some providers have followed this path in select portions of their
`service area, using ADSL to deliver video broadcast and high-speed data.
`
`Cross-connect box deployment
`
`The next closest DSL deployment location to the user after the RT is the cross-connect box. The cross-
`connect is also called the service area interface (SAI), and the loop plant is typically designed such that
`80-90% of users are within 3 kft of the SAI and virtually all users are within 6 kft. VDSL2 is well suited for
`up to 4 kft loop lengths, enabling approximately 25 Mbps to 95% of users.
`
`Figure 3
`
`The middle image within shows a cross-connect box (SAI) with its doors open; the approximate
`dimensions are 4 feet (120 cm) wide, 3 feet (90 cm) tall and 1 foot (30 cm) thick. The SAI houses a wire-
`jumper panel that connects feeder cables from the central office, containing large bundles of twisted
`pairs, to distribution cables that contain smaller bundles of twisted pairs.
`
`SAIs are passive devices and typically support 200-600 users. In most cases the feeder cables from the
`CO are run in conduit and the conduit is not full, allowing room to run fiber to the box without retrenching.
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`SPAY018—June 2004
`White Paper
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`To handle the more extreme thermal characteristics of cross-connects compared to RTs, DSL equipment
`designed for the former is typically case-hardened, thermally-hardened and weatherproof. The main
`issues are expanding the size of the box to house the new equipment, supplying power, and of course
`actually rewiring the box.
`
`Given the high capital costs of supplying local power, operators look to deploy equipment with low
`enough power consumption to be sourced from the CO or RT using existing copper pairs. Given the high
`operating costs of sending a technician to the SAI location each time a new subscriber requests DSL,
`operators look for equipment with appropriate size, cost and power to permit pre-provisioning of all
`potential subscribers. Uni-DSL’s ability to address these needs is discussed later.
`
`Limited DSL deployments to the cross-connect are already in service. Continued deployment will be
`gradual, but will be accelerated by Uni-DSL and its ability to meet the needs of operators to deploy a
`service platform that supports the existing DSL infrastructure and provides a seamless, cost-effective
`upgrade path to video data rates.
`
`At 35 Mbps, several channels of HDTV video and several channels of high-quality audio, as well as
`telephony and data service, can easily be supported, providing DSL operators with a sufficient
`competitive weapon against CATV.
`
`Pedestal or curb deployment
`
`The next stop for running fiber and deploying DSL is the pedestal or curb, which will provide rates
`approaching 100 Mbps for all users. This effort typically requires trenching and/or other significant capital
`expense, but nonetheless installing DSL over the existing copper pair from the pedestal to the premises is
`still more cost-effective for many locations than running the fiber all the way to the home.
`
`The same issues apply at the pedestal as at the cross connect: power must be supplied and the cabinet
`must be enhanced to adequately contain and protect the equipment.
`
`Finally, for small business complexes and MDUs, fiber can be run all the way into the building and Uni-
`DSL can support 100 Mbps symmetric or more from the fiber termination to individual users over existing
`copper pairs in the building. For many buildings without Category-5 cable (CAT5) or fiber already installed
`within the building, extending Uni-DSL the last few hundred feet or less may be much less expensive than
`accessing walls and ceilings to run new cable.
`
`2. Advancements in DSL technology
`
`DSL technology advancements supported by standards include multiple latency paths, dynamic spectrum
`management (DSM), and channel bonding.
`
`• Multiple latency paths permit multiple logical channels to share one physical DSL link with different
`latency and error protection tradeoffs per logical channel. Two-way interactive media and data
`traverse the low-latency path while distributed and broadcast media traverse the higher latency path
`with more error protection. QoS and security of DSL links and the access network will be much
`stronger in next-generation systems as multi-media data becomes richer in content and users focus
`on privacy.
`Dynamic Spectrum Management (DSM) techniques are used to improve utilization of network
`capacity, and are discussed in more detail in a later section.
`Bonding is the aggregation of multiple copper wire pairs, each with its own physical DSL connection,
`into one logical pipe with a total data rate equal to the sum of the individual connections – or more if
`vectoring. (discussed later). If any one connection fails, the remaining ones seamlessly adapt to
`maintain the channel at a lower rate.
`
`•
`
`•
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`White Paper
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`A more detailed discussion of how these technologies will be implemented is presented later in this white
`paper. The remainder of this section will review the competitive landscape and suggest system
`configurations that are enabled by the technologies mentioned above.
`
`Silicon advancements will play an important role by allowing for increased integration of features in a
`cost-effective manner, lower cost for a given feature set, and an increased variety of configuration
`possibilities. This is especially important in the CPE space, where a variety of devices will come to market
`to meet the specific needs of a multitude of user premise configurations, but is also important in the
`infrastructure space where factors such as modularity, scalability, advanced line testing and thorough but
`easy-to-use remote management are key considerations.
`
`Advantages over other access technologies
`
`The primary advantage of DSL over cable, satellite and Wi-MAX is its point-to-point topology rather than
`point-to-multipoint. A DSL link is dedicated entirely to a given user, thereby eliminating shared bandwidth,
`security or additional latency limitations.
`
`DOCSIS 2.0, the data over cable standard, specifies 30 Mbps upstream and downstream but this is
`shared by up to 1000 homes passed by the coax distribution cable. Even with DOCSIS 3.0 targeting the
`100-400 Mbps range and an additional fiber build-out such that only 50-100 homes share a cable, data
`rates could be constricted to a level that affects some applications.
`
`Although DOCSIS has made advances in securing the privacy of user data, some users may be
`concerned that the shared coax medium is less secure than a dedicated twisted pair. Finally, the shared
`cable medium relies on a time division multiplexed downstream and a grant based upstream scheme.
`With many users, this can lead to inherent latency not present in DSL, which affects the response of
`interactive, high-data rate applications such as fast-action online gaming.
`
`For more information on competing technologies, see the
`accompanying article, Broadband Competitive Space.
`
`Uni-DSL system configurations
`
`In the initial phase of ADSL deployment to residential customers, the customer premises system
`configuration was typically a DSL modem connected to one computer. If the link utilized a point-to-point
`authentication protocol such as PPP, the PPP client software was located on this computer. Soon
`thereafter, user demand to have multiple computers share one DSL line led to the development of low-
`cost, easy to use home routers.
`
`The home router is a computer and Internet appliance in itself, taking care of PPP if required, providing
`firewall protection, tracking and emailing reports of web usage, etcetera. In 2003 approximately 28% of
`broadband users also had home networking, but by 2006 this is expected to grow to 50% for a total
`deployment of close to 100 million home routers.
`
`Just as demand for home networking has driven development and deployment of cost-effective home
`routers, demand for computing mobility has led to the proliferation of Wireless LAN equipment. More than
`30 million Wi-Fi devices were shipped as of 2003, and this number is expected to nearly triple by 2006.
`
`VoIP gateways
`
`The next feature wave now being added to CPEs is VoIP gateway functionality. The ability of broadband
`to replace residential and small-medium enterprise (SME) telephony using the digital bandwidth of the link
`for packet voice, while providing telephony features above and beyond the most expensive PBX systems
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`of even five years ago, is driving a huge ramp in
`VoIP-enabled CPE. In fact, CPE equipment
`manufacturers are now producing cost-effective
`products that support all combinations of VoIP,
`Wi-Fi and home routing within one unit.
`
`Figure 4 shows end-to-end connectivity of a Uni-
`DSL system. The edge router in the CO,
`typically referred to as a broadband remote
`access server (BRAS), authenticates and
`maintains the connection to a single user. Traffic
`through the BRAS may consist of data to/from
`the IP network, VoIP packets and signaling that
`are routed to/from a high-density VoIP access
`gateway and then to the public switched
`telephone network (PSTN), or data delivered to
`the user from local media stream servers or
`cache devices.
`
`The media streams are carried on fiber to the
`RT or SAI and then over DSL to the CPE, a
`home router connected to a broad range of
`endpoints by either wireless or traditional LAN.
`These devices will include computers, PDAs, IP
`enabled home appliances and security systems,
`TVs and stereos, cameras and camcorders, etc.
`Bandwidth and QoS will be available to provide
`each of these devices with a logical link of
`appropriate data rate back to the server or peer
`device.
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`SPAY018—June 2004
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`Broadband Competitive Space
`
`The primary competition to ADSL in the broadband space today is
`cable modem service. Broadband over cable, or simply Cable, is
`delivered via the same Hybrid Fiber Co-axial (HFC) infrastructure
`that has delivered cable television for years.
`
`From an established business of video delivery over an HFC
`infrastructure, CATV operators first expanded into broadband
`data service and now are rapidly deploying digital telephony
`service, all carried over the same HFC network.
`
`This triple-play threat is the primary motivation for DSL operators
`to develop and execute their strategic plans for next-generation
`competitive broadband services. Cable currently accounts for
`roughly 60% of the U.S. broadband market and 35% of the
`worldwide market.
`
`Fiber to the Home, or FTTH, is considered the holy grail of
`broadband last-mile access because of the seemingly unlimited
`data rates fiber can deliver. In actuality data rates depend on the
`topology of the fiber network and how much of it is active or
`passive, but aggregate data rates above 150 Mbps per user are
`easily supported.
`
`Most DSL operators have strategic plans to upgrade their network
`to FTTH, but the cost of doing so has proven prohibitive. Some
`service providers have installed FTTH in new (greenfield)
`residential developments and some municipalities have installed
`fiber as a co-op initiative among residents, but to date this
`accounts for only a few hundred thousand homes in the US.
`Projected timeframes among industry visionaries for widespread
`FTTH deployment are in the 10-30 year range.
`
`Broadband service can also be delivered via satellite or
`microwave. Satellite broadband service is typically used in
`locations too remote to be served by DSL or Cable. By nature it is
`a shared point-to-multipoint resource and upstream data rates are
`limited, sometimes requiring a phone line voice-band modem to
`establish the uplink. Downstream is a high data rate channel but
`must be shared between users, and latency is a significant issue
`for interactive services.
`
`Wi-MAX, or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, is
`an initiative to standardize traditional point-to-multipoint
`Microwave data transmission technology. This standardization
`effort is advancing as IEEE 802.16, chartered to specify the
`wireless metropolitan area network air interface for wireless
`access.
`
`Such standardization will allow metropolitan wireless access to
`undergo the same cost reductions and proliferation as DSL for
`broadband and WiFi for LAN access - good news for people who
`need mobile access anywhere in a city. However, residences and
`SMEs that do not need MAN mobility will get better service from
`DSL. Wi-MAX optimists expect the service to come to market in 1-
`2 years and proliferate by 2008.
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`Figure 4: End-to-end Broadband Connectivity with Uni-DSL
`
`3. Uni-DSL benefits for users and operators
`
`For DSL users, Uni-DSL means enhanced, high-data-rate multimedia applications, better overall
`experience, more choices and less frustration. Enhanced multimedia applications will include all
`combinations of triple-play video, voice and data. The better user experience relative to today’s
`broadband results from higher data rates and increased infrastructure maturity that will enhance and
`secure both existing and future applications.
`
`More choices result from a wider selection of service packages as well as a wider selection of premises
`equipment, from bridging modems to full-blown Wi-Fi enabled home theater set-top boxes. Less
`frustration results from greater service coverage and reliability, and better remote diagnostics and test
`that allow providers to detect and fix problems quickly, possibly without the consumer even knowing.
`
`In the broader sense, Uni-DSL in conjunction with the services and technologies it enables will facilitate
`advances in communication, computing and media delivery at least as revolutionary as those of the last
`20 years.
`
`Residential customers will enjoy new multimedia services such as
`•
`Video broadcast: live or on-demand time-delayed.
`•
`Streaming IP-video from the Internet
`• On-demand movies and entertainment
`•
`HDTV quality video
`•
`Video conferencing
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`• Multiple telephone lines
`•
`Fast, high-speed data service/internet access, both upstream and downstream.
`•
`Home security and automation
`•
`Telecommuting and enhanced productivity from home
`• Gaming and virtual entertainment
`•
`Interactive medical care, education, training
`• Mobile and wireline convergence of telephone service
`
`USDL benefits to business
`
`Small/medium business users will have all of the above, as well as the following
`•
`Ability to host their own web sites with their own high-speed servers and handle all web-based
`transactions on-site
`High-quality, hosted VoIP telephony with Computer-Telephony Integration (CTI) functionality
`equivalent to the highest-end PBX systems today.
`VPN tunnels between sites that are so fast they emulate LAN traffic
`Tunnels to hosted, leased SW application servers enabling all SW to be leased on-demand.
`
`•
`•
`
`•
`
`Video applications
`
`As mentioned earlier, video is the most important new content enabled by Uni-DSL data rates and is the
`primary driver for next-generation DSL upgrades. In the future, at least three or four televisions in a house
`will each be able to receive on-demand video of HDTV quality and users will have movie or broadcast
`content at their fingertips. Wi-Fi enabled video cameras will finally make video conferencing and web-
`based live video streaming very high quality and very easy to use, to the point where almost anyone can
`set up a web-based “TV station”, and conferencing with remote family members really is almost like being
`there.
`
`Audio applications include multi-channel Voice-over-IP telephony, multi-channel digital stereo broadcast,
`and audio on demand. One Uni-DSL connection can provide 4, 8, 24 or more telephone lines, which
`when coupled with Computer-Telephony Integration (CTI) application software, provides features
`previously found only on the most expensive enterprise PBX systems. Stereo systems connected to the
`Internet via Uni-DSL will be able to play virtually any broadcast content in the world, past or present, with
`very high sound quality.
`
`Uni-DSL will enable new data applications requiring tens of megabits per second. For example,
`telecommuting with no perceived difference in access capability or experience whether at home or the
`office – or even the local coffee shop – will be possible. Online gaming will become more interactive and
`responsive, with participants spanning a neighborhood, metropolitan area or even the world. Smart
`appliances and home security systems now enabled by broadband will reach reliability and cost points
`that enable widespread adoption, just as wireless LAN proliferation has been driven by broadband growth
`and low cost points.
`
`Wireless and wireline convergence
`
`One of the more interesting advances enabled by Uni-DSL deployment - and upgrades to the mobile
`infractructure - is the convergence of wireless and wireline services. Mobile phones will register with a
`local Wi-Fi basestation upon entering a home or office, automatically registering location information if
`desired, and will receive a strong signal with no dropouts. In another example, vacationers could pan the
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`home security camera and display the images on their cell phone screen – in near real time if they are at
`a Uni-DSL-enabled Wi-Fi hot spot.
`
`Uni-DSL modems can also be set-up in a peer-to-peer configuration rather than an operator/user
`configuration any time a user needs to pass data from point to point over existing copper pairs. Several
`VDSL based peer-to-peer modems are in existence today, but Uni-DSL will support a bi-directional 100
`Mbps Ethernet connection over CAT-3 copper according to the 802.3ah Ethernet First Mile (EFM)
`standard, resulting in better interoperability among vendors and lower costs for users. LECs may even
`use bonded Uni-DSL modems in this configuration to trunk data over copper pairs from the central office
`to th