UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DIRECTV, LLC
`
`Petitioner
`
`v.
`
`QURIO HOLDINGS, INC.
`
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CASE: To Be Assigned
`
`Patent No. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DECLARATION OF DR. MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`
`Page 1 of 27
`
`Unified Patents Exhibit 1018
`
`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`
`I, Mark Dunlop, Ph.D., declare:
`
`1.
`
`I have been asked by Petitioner to provide this Declaration to be used
`
`in the Petition for Inter Partes Review of U.S. Patent No. 7,787,904 B2 (“the
`
`Patent”).
`
`2.
`
`The University of Strathclyde is being compensated at the rate of 300
`
`U.S. Dollars per hour for my time to prepare, review, and sign this Declaration.
`
`The compensation is not contingent upon the outcome of any inter partes review,
`
`district court litigation, or any other proceeding related to the Patent.
`
`I.
`
`BACKGROUND AND EXPERIENCE
`
`3.
`
`In 1991, I earned a Ph.D. in Computing Science from the University
`
`of Glasgow, Scotland, where I researched in the area of multimedia information
`
`retrieval. Between approximately 1991 and 1993, I was a lecturer in Computing
`
`Science at the University of Glasgow. In 1994, I was a lecturer in Computing and
`
`Information Systems at the University of Paisley, Scotland. From 1994 to 1999, I
`
`was again a lecturer in Computing Science at the University of Glasgow.
`
`4.
`
`From July 1999 to July 2000, I was a senior researcher at the Risø
`
`National Laboratory in Roskilde, Denmark, where I researched in the area of
`
`human-machine interaction.
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`- 1 -
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`Page 2 of 27
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`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`5.
`
`Since 2000, I have been a senior lecturer at the University of
`
`Strathclyde in Glasgow, Scotland. My teaching is mainly related to human
`
`computer interaction and internet programming technologies.
`
`6. My public LinkedIn profile summarizing my education and
`
`experience is attached to this Declaration as Attachment A.
`
`II. MOBILEHCI CONFERENCES AND WORKSHOPS
`
`7.
`
`Since 1998, I have been an active participant in The International
`
`Conference Series on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and
`
`Services (“MobileHCI”). MobileHCI conferences are open to members of the
`
`public to attend, participate, and share ideas related to interaction with mobile
`
`devices. The modern MobileHCI conferences began as small workshops attached
`
`to the Interact series of conferences on human-computer interaction.
`
`8.
`
`In 1998, along with colleagues named Chris Johnson and Stephen
`
`Brewster, I organized the first Workshop on Human Computer Interaction with
`
`Mobile Devices (the “1998 Workshop”), which started the MobileHCI conference
`
`series. We arranged the 1998 Workshop because mobile devices were growing in
`
`popularity and functionality and because they offered exciting new ways to interact
`
`with technology and exciting opportunities for human computer interaction (HCI).
`
`The 1998 Workshop was largely academic, but the 1998 Workshop and subsequent
`
`- 2 -
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`Page 3 of 27
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`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`workshops and MobileHCI conferences also involved industry representatives,
`
`such as Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens, Philips, Microsoft, LG, Google and Yahoo.
`
`9.
`
`Chris Johnson, Stephen Brewster and I contacted members of the
`
`human computer interaction and mobile device industry to request research
`
`contributions for the 1998 Workshop, which took place in Glasgow in May 1998.
`
`10. The following year, in 1999, Stephen Brewster and I contacted
`
`participants from the 1998 Workshop and others in the general academic and
`
`industrial research committees to seek submissions for another workshop, which
`
`took place in August 1999 in Edinburgh, Scotland (“the 1999 Workshop”). The
`
`1999 Workshop was a one-day workshop as part of the Interact ‘99 Conference.
`
`11.
`
`In the weeks prior to the 1999 Workshop, we created a publicly
`
`accessible webpage (“the 1999 Webpage”), hosted by the University of Glasgow,
`
`to publicise the workshop and call for research contributions.
`
`12. We encouraged prospective attendees to the 1999 Workshop to access
`
`the 1999 Webpage prior to the 1999 Workshop to download copies of the research
`
`contributions to be discussed at the 1999 Workshop. The 1999 Webpage was the
`
`primary way attendees accessed the research contributions prior to the 1999
`
`Workshop.
`
`- 3 -
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`Page 4 of 27
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`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`13. The 1999 Webpage also gave members of the general public access to
`
`papers and posters to be discussed at the 1999 Workshop.
`
`14. The 1999 Webpage still exists today, at
`
`http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mobile99/.
`
`15. Attachment B to this Declaration is a true and correct representation
`
`of the content of the 1999 Webpage as it existed on September 1, 1999, now
`
`viewed from the Internet Archive located at www.archive.org at
`
`http://web.archive.org/web/19990901173557/http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mobile99/.
`
`16. The 1999 Webpage had hyperlinks to Postscript files of the papers
`
`and posters to be presented at the 1999 Workshop. Postscript was a common
`
`document format known to the public and members of industry. In 1999, visitors
`
`to the 1999 Webpage clicked on hyperlinks to the papers and posters to retrieve the
`
`Postscript files and view the papers and posters.
`
`17. At some point after 1999, we updated the hyperlinks to the posters
`
`and papers on the 1999 Webpage to provide .pdf files of each document, rather
`
`than the now less used Postscript versions. The site retained the original 1999
`
`PostScript submissions within two compressed (zip) archives.
`
`18. Attendance at Interact ‘99 and the 1999 Workshop was open to the
`
`public, subject to registration through the Interact ‘99 conference, which itself was
`
`- 4 -
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`Page 5 of 27
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`

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`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`open to the public and advertised in technical literature and web sites pertaining to
`
`the general topic of the conference. Access to the 1999 Webpage was advertised to
`
`the 1999 Workshop attendees and through the publicity material for Interact ‘99.
`
`The 1999 Webpage was openly available to members of the public.
`
`III. “A personal digital assistant as an advanced remote control for
`
`audio/video equipment” by De Vet, J. and Buil, V.
`
`19. One of the submissions for the 1999 Workshop was entitled “A
`
`personal digital assistant as an advanced remote control for audio/video
`
`equipment,” by John de Vet and Vincent Buil of Philips Research (“the de Vet
`
`article”).
`
`20.
`
`I received the de Vet article in 1999 and published it to the 1999
`
`Webpage. Shortly thereafter, in 1999, members of the public could access the de
`
`Vet article via the 1999 Webpage in Attachment B:
`
`http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mobile99/.
`
`21. As seen on Attachment B, visitors could access the de Vet article
`
`using a hyperlink having the text of the article’s title. In fact, at least some visitors
`
`to the 1999 Webpage accessed the de Vet article, including myself, in 1999.
`
`22. Attendees of the 1999 Workshop viewed the de Vet article and
`
`discussed its contents as it was presented as a poster at the workshop.
`
`- 5 -
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`Page 6 of 27
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`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`23.
`
`I was under no obligation to maintain the de Vet article as
`
`confidential.
`
`24. Petitioner’s counsel provided me with a copy of the de Vet article,
`
`which is attached to this Declaration as Attachment C.
`
`25. The de Vet article in Attachment C is a true and correct copy of the de
`
`Vet article that was publicly available on the 1999 Webpage in 1999 and accessed
`
`by members of the public shortly thereafter in 1999.
`
`26.
`
`I hereby declare that all statements made herein of my own
`
`knowledge are true and that all statements made on information and belief are
`
`believed to be true; and further that these statements were made with the
`
`knowledge that willful false statements and the like so made are punishable by fine
`
`or imprisonment, or both, under 18 U.S.C. § 1001.
`
`- 6 -
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`Page 7 of 27
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`

`
`_
`1
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP. PHI).
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`27.
`
`ldecla
`
`re under penalty of perjury that the l'()1'Cg"l“1% is “U” and
`
`COFFGCI.
`
`Executed On
`
`Cf»_/
`
`day of% 2015 in
`
`Mark Dunlop,
`
`Attachment A:
`
`Mark Dunlop Linkedln Profile, available at
`
`https://www.1inkedin.com/in/markofglasgow (last accessed
`
`Sept. 16,2015)
`
`Attachment B:
`
`“W4: Second Workshop on Human Computer Interaction with
`
`Mobile Devices,” http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mobile99/, August
`
`17. 1999 revision as accessed on September 16, 2015 at
`
`htt szf/web.archive.or {web/19990901173557/htt
`
`://www.dcs.
`
`la.ac.uk/mobilc99/
`
`Attachment C:
`
`De Vet, J. and Buil, V., “A personal digital assistant as an
`
`advanced remote control for audio/video equipment ” avaglabge
`
`Page 8 of 27
`
`
`
`Page 8 of 27
`
`

`
`DECLARATION OF MARK DUNLOP, PH.D.
`IN SUPPORT OF PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW
`OF U.S. PATENT NO. 7,787,904 B2
`
`
`on http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/mobile99/ in 1999 as viewed
`
`through the Internet Archive at
`
`https://web.archive.org/web/19990901173557/http://www.dcs.g
`
`la.ac.uk/mobile99/papers/de_vet.ps
`
`- 8 -
`
`Page 9 of 27
`
`

`
`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
`
`Page 1 of 9
`
`What is LinkedIn?
`
`Join Today Sign In
`
`Mark Dunlop
`Senior Lecturer in HCI at University of
`Strathclyde
`Glasgow, United Kingdom Higher Education
`
`500+
`connections
`
`Find a different Mark Dunlop
`
`First Name
`
`Last Name
`
`
`
`Example: Mark Dunlop
`
`Current
`Previous
`
`Education
`Websites
`
`KeyPoint Technologies, University of Strathclyde
`Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, University of
`Glasgow, University of Paisley
`The University of Glasgow
`Personal Website
`MobileHCI
`CHI 2012
`
`Join LinkedIn and access Mark’s full profile. It’s
`free!
`As a LinkedIn member, you’ll join 300 million other professionals who are
`sharing connections, ideas, and opportunities.
`
`• See who you know in common
`• Get introduced
`• Contact Mark directly
`
`Summary
`
`Since 2000, I have been a senior lecturer in computer science at Strathclyde University in Glasgow,
`Scotland, UK, EU. My research focuses on usability of mobile systems including mobile text entry,
`visualisation and evaluation of mobiles. My teaching is mainly in human computer interaction (HCI)
`and internet programming technologies. Prior to joining Strathclyde, I was a senior researcher at
`Risø Danish National Laboratory and a lecturer at Glasgow University.
`
`I'm involved in the MobileHCI conference series and have jointly hosted the conference three times.
`I am also a founding associate editor of the journals International Journal of Mobile Human
`Computer Interaction and Advances in Human-Computer Interaction, an associate editor of
`Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, an associate chair for CHI 2012 and a founding member of the
`editorial board for Springer's new journal of Communications in Mobile Computing (ComC).
`
`Experience
`
`Usability Consultant
`KeyPoint Technologies
`2004 – Present (11 years)
`
`Advise on usability and underlying technologies of text entry methods for mobiles
`
`Senior Lecturer in HCI
`University of Strathclyde
`2000 – Present (15 years)
`
`My research focuses on usability of mobile systems including mobile text entry, visualisation and
`evaluation of mobiles. My teaching is mainly in human computer interaction (HCI) and internet
`programming technologies.
`
`Mark J. Dunlop
`Sales Manager | Recruiting | Safety |
`Retention | Transportation | Trucking
`United States
`Mark Dunlop
`Technology Program and Delivery
`Executive
`United States
`Mark Dunlop
`VP, Sales Leader - Bradenton at
`BankUnited
`United States
`Mark Dunlop
`Supermarkets Professional
`United States
`
`Mark Dunlop
`--
`United States
`
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`Morgan, Glasgow.
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`https://www.linkedin.com/in/markofglasgow
`
`9/16/2015
`
`ATTACHMENT A
`
`Page 10 of 27
`
`

`
`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
`
`Page 2 of 9
`
`What is LinkedIn?
`
`Join Today Sign In
`
`Senior Researcher
`Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy
`1999 – 2000 (1 year)
`
`Working for Annelise Mark Pejtersen in the Centre for Human Machine Interaction
`
`Lecturer
`University of Glasgow
`1994 – 1999 (5 years)
`
`Lecturer in HCI and IR working with the GIST and IR groups.
`
`Lecturer
`University of Paisley
`1994 – 1994 (less than a year)
`
`Skills
`
`Human Computer...
`
`User-centered Design
`
`Java
`
`Mobile Devices
`
`Mobile Applications
`
`Human Factors
`
`User Interface Design
`
`Interaction Design
`
`Usability Testing
`
`Android
`
`Participatory Design
`
`PHP
`
`JavaScript
`
`Software Design
`
`Computer Science
`
`See 9+
`
`Publications
`
`Supporting different search strategies in a video query interface
`Proceedings of RIAO 2000
`2000
`This paper reports the design and development of the Diceman Query Application. This is the end-
`user query application for a video indexing and retrieval project based on the Diceman architecture
`for distributed internet content exchange using MPEG-7 and agent negotiation. The query
`application was developed to support different search strategies of users accessing large video
`archives that have been indexed with a complex indexing language...
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Kieran McDonald
`
`Visual information seeking on palmtop devices
`Proceedings of HCI2000
`2000
`Ahlberg and Shneiderman's Starfield displays have been shown to provide fast and convenient
`access to large collections of data. However, the standard design requires a large, high-resolution,
`colour screen. This paper presents the results of a short project investigating this visual information
`seeking technique on a monochrome palmtop.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Neil Davidson
`
`Predictive text entry methods for mobile phones
`Personal Technologies
`2000
`Mobile phone networks are increasingly supporting the transmission of textual messages between
`mobile phones and between mobile phones and other services. This paper describes the current
`
`https://www.linkedin.com/in/markofglasgow
`
`9/16/2015
`
`ATTACHMENT A
`
`Page 11 of 27
`
`

`
`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
`
`Page 3 of 9
`
`text entry method on mobile phones and describes a new text entry method using a single key-
`press per letter together with a large dictionary of words for disambiguation. This approach, which is
`similar to technology recently licensed, independently, to several phone companies, is then
`extended with automatic word completion. The paper reports the results of initial user tests ...
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Andrew Crossan
`
`What is LinkedIn?
`
`Join Today Sign In
`
`Understanding contextual interactions to design navigational context-
`aware applications
`MobileHCI
`2002
`Context-aware technology has stimulated rigorous research into novel ways to support people in a
`wide range of tasks and situations. However, the effectiveness of these technologies will ultimately
`be dependent on the extent to which contextual interactions are understood and accounted for in
`their design. This study involved an investigation of contextual interactions required for route
`navigation. The purpose was to illustrate the heterogeneous nature of humans in interaction with
`their environmental context. Participants were interviewed to determine how each interacts with or
`use objects/information in the environment in which to navigate/orientate. Results revealed that
`people vary individually and collectively. Usability implications for the design of navigational context-
`aware applications are identified and discussed.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Nick Bradley
`
`Towards a model for an internet content pre-caching agent for small
`computing devices
`HCI International
`2003
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Andreas Komninos
`
`A Pathway to Independence: wayfinding systems which adapt to a visually
`impaired person's context
`IEE Symposium on Assistive Technologies
`2003
`Despite an increased amount of technologies and systems designed to address the navigational
`requirements of the visually impaired community of approximately 7.4 million in Europe, current
`research has failed to sufficiently address the human issues associated to their design and use. As
`more types of sensing technologies are developed to facilitate visually impaired travellers for
`different navigational purposes (local vs. distant and indoor vs. outdoor), an effective process of
`synchronisation is required. This synchronisation is represented through context-aware computing,
`which allows contextual information to not just be sensed (like most current wayfinding systems),
`but also adapted, discovered and augmented. In this paper, three user studies concerning the
`suitability of different types of navigational information for visually impaired and sighted people are
`described. For such systems to be effective, human cognitive maps, models and intentions need to
`be the focus of further research, in order to provide information that is tailored to a user’s task,
`situation or environment. Methodologies aimed at establishing these issues need to be
`demonstrated through a multidisciplinary framework.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Nick Bradley
`
`Focussed palmtop information access combining starfield displays and
`profile-based recommendations
`Mobile and Ubiquitous Information Access, LNCS v2954
`2004
`This paper presents two palmtop applications: Taeneb CityGuide and Taeneb ConferenceGuide.
`Both applications are centred around Starfield displays on palmtop computers – this provides fast,
`dynamic access to information on a small platform. The paper describes the applications focussing
`on this novel palmtop information access method and on the user-profiling aspect of the CityGuide,
`where restaurants are recommended to users based on both the match of restaurant type to the
`users’ observed previous interactions and the rating given by reviewers with similar observed
`preferences.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Alison Morrison, Stephen McCallum, Piotr Ptaskinski, Chris Risbey, Fraser
`Stewart
`
`https://www.linkedin.com/in/markofglasgow
`
`9/16/2015
`
`ATTACHMENT A
`
`Page 12 of 27
`
`

`
`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
`
`Page 4 of 9
`
`What is LinkedIn?
`
`Join Today Sign In
`
`Watch-Top Text-Entry: Can Phone-Style Predictive Text-Entry Work With
`Only 5 Buttons?
`MobileHCI
`2004
`This paper presents an initial study into the viability of text entry on a watch face using four
`alphabetic buttons and a central space key. The study includes a technical evaluation of likely error
`rates using a large text corpus and user studies on palmtop emulated mobile phone and watch. The
`results, though in favour of the phone pad, are encouraging and show such a method is feasible.
`
`Design and development of Taeneb City Guide - From Paper Maps and
`Guidebooks to Electronic Guides
`Enter
`2004
`This paper reports the design, development and feedback from the initial trial of the Taeneb City
`Guide project developing tourist information software on Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) handheld
`computers. Based on the users’ requirements for electronic tourists guides already published in the
`literature, the paper focuses on the three main technology features of the systems, which would give
`the advantage over the existing paper publication: Query-able dynamic map interface; Dynamic
`information content; Community review systems and users’ forum. The paper also reports the
`results of an initial trial of a City Guide for Glasgow conducted as part of the EMAC 03 conference.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Piotr Ptasinski, Alison Morrison, Stephen McCallum, Chris Risbey, Fraser
`Stewart
`
`Towards a Multidisciplinary Model of Context to Support Context-Aware
`Computing
`Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
`2005
`Capturing, defining, and modeling the essence of context are challenging, compelling, and
`prominent issues for interdisciplinary research and discussion. The roots of its emergence lie in the
`inconsistencies and ambivalent definitions across and within different research specializations (e.g.,
`philosophy, psychology, pragmatics, linguistics, computer science, and artificial intelligence). Within
`the area of computer science, the advent of mobile context-aware computing has stimulated broad
`and contrasting interpretations due to the shift from traditional static desktop computing to
`heterogeneous mobile environments. This transition poses many challenging, complex, and largely
`unanswered research issues relating to contextual interactions and usability. To address those
`issues, many researchers strongly encourage a multidisciplinary approach. The primary aim of this
`article is to review and unify theories of context within linguistics, computer science, and
`psychology. Summary models within each discipline are used to propose an outline and detailed
`multidisciplinary model of context involving (a) the differentiation of focal and contextual aspects of
`the user and application’s world, (b) the separation of meaningful and incidental dimensions, and (c)
`important user and application processes. The models provide an important foundation in which
`complex mobile scenarios can be conceptualized and key human and social issues can be
`identified. The models were then applied to different applications of context-aware computing
`involving user communities and mobile tourist guides. The authors’ future work involves developing
`a user-centered multidisciplinary design framework (based on their proposed models). This will be
`used to design a large-scale user study investigating the usability issues of a context-aware mobile
`computing navigation aid for visually impaired people.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Nick Bradley
`
`Calendar based Contextual Information as an Internet Content Pre-Caching
`Tool
`Second Workshop on Information Retrieval in Context (IRiX) at SIGIR
`2005
`Motivated by the need to access internet content on mobile devices with expensive or non-existent
`network access, this paper discusses the possibility for contextual information extracted from
`electronic calendars to be used as sources for Internet content predictive retrieval (pre-caching).
`Our results show that calendar based contextual information is useful for this purpose and that
`calendar based information can produce web queries that are relevant to the users’ task supportive
`information needs.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Andreas Komninos
`
`An Experimental Investigation into Wayfinding Directions for Visually
`Impaired People
`
`https://www.linkedin.com/in/markofglasgow
`
`9/16/2015
`
`ATTACHMENT A
`
`Page 13 of 27
`
`

`
`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
`
`Page 5 of 9
`
`What is LinkedIn?
`
`Join Today Sign In
`
`Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
`2005
`In recent years, there has been an escalation of orientation and way finding technologies and
`systems for visually impaired people. These technological advancements, however, have not been
`matched by a suitable investigation of human computer interaction (e.g. designing navigation aids
`for people who form different cognitive maps for navigation). The aim of this study was to investigate
`whether a group of sighted participants and a group of visually impaired participants experience a
`difference in mental and physical demands when given two different sets of verbal instructions
`directing them to four landmarks. The content of the first set of instructions was proportioned to
`route descriptions derived from sighted people, and the second set proportioned to descriptions
`derived from visually impaired people. The time taken to reach landmarks and the number of
`deviations provided the objective assessment and a NASA–Task Load Index questionnaire provided
`an indication of participants subjective perception of workload. The results revealed that instructions
`formed from visually impaired people resulted in a lower weighted workload score, less minor
`deviations, and quicker times for visually impaired participants. In contrast, these instructions were
`found to cause a higher weighted workload score for sighted participants. The results are discussed
`in relation to the issue of personalisation of mobile context-aware systems for visually impaired
`people.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Nick Bradley
`
`AdapTex: contextually adaptive text entry for mobiles
`MobileHCI
`2006
`This demonstration introduces AdapTex: a new text entry system that suggests words and phrases
`to the user based on the current textual context of use, the user’s history and an initial corpus
`analysis. User studies show that Adaptex speeds up text entry while reducing errors.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Andrew Glen, Sunil Motaparti, Sanjay Patel
`
`A calendar based Internet content pre-caching agent for small computing
`devices
`Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
`2007
`We described in earlier publications the principles of a system where internet content would be pre-
`cached, based on contextual information obtained from a user’s electronic calendar. The model for
`such a system envisioned a set of cooperating agents, distributed on a user’s desktop and mobile
`device, which would be responsible for making decisions on the context and preferences of the
`user, and downloading the relevant internet content through a land-based broadband connection
`and storing it on the mobile device. This paper presents and discusses established pre-caching
`techniques and their suitability for use on mobile information access scenarios. It proceeds in
`describing the implementation details of an alternative approach, a calendar based pre-caching
`system and presents the findings of tests that were made with human subjects on such a system.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Andreas Komninos
`
`Investigating five key predictive text entry with combined distance and
`keystroke modelling
`Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
`2007
`This paper investigates text entry on mobile devices using only five-key. Primarily to support text
`entry on smaller devices than mobile phones, this method can also be used to maximise screen
`space on mobile phones. Reported combined Fitt's law and keystroke modelling predicts similar
`performance with bigram prediction using a five-key keypad as currently achieved on standard
`mobile phones using unigram prediction. User studies reported here show similar user performance
`on five-key pads as found elsewhere for novice nine-key pad users.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Michelle Montgomery Masters
`
`Dynamic Visualisation of Ski Data: A Context Aware Mobile Piste Map
`MobileHCI
`2007
`Tourism has been a key driver for mobile applications. This short paper presents the design and
`initial evaluation of a mobile phone based visualisation to support skiers. Paper piste maps often
`prove difficult for skiers and provide no natural way of assessing the mountain conditions while on
`the slope. They are physically large and difficult to manipulate in wind, they provide no information
`on which runs are currently open, no indication of which runs the user may find most enjoyable, and
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`Mark Dunlop | LinkedIn
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`Page 6 of 9
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`no information about the snow and weather conditions on each run. All this information is available
`at resorts, usually on notice boards or screens at central meeting points. The visualisation and
`personalisation approaches presented here combine this information and a map overview on a
`mobile phone screen. Initial trials showed significantly better performance for some tasks on the
`mobile condition (both in terms of accuracy and time), with no clear result for other tasks
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Brian Elsey, Michelle Montgomery Masters
`
`Dynamic Positioning Systems – Usability and Interaction
`NordiCHI
`2008
`This paper describes the first steps of a research project directed towards human computer
`interaction (HCI) within the maritime environment and on maritime equipment. The focus is at this
`stage mainly on interaction with Dynamic Positioning Systems (DP) and how new interaction styles
`can be introduced to make the interaction more efficient and less faulty in both standard operations
`and in safety-critical situations. The initial experiment looks into how a DP operator can operate a
`DP system by using bi-manual interaction/multi-touch combined with hand-gestures to create a new
`type of user-experience. The aim for this research is to investigate which gestures feel natural to the
`DP operator and how/if they can be implemented into a real-life DP system.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Frøy Birte Bjørneseth
`
`Navigation AT: Context-aware computing
`Assistive Technology for Vision-Impaired and Blind People
`2008
`Review of context-aware computing, in particular location-aware computing and GPS technologies,
`and how they impact on people with visual impairments.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Nick Bradley
`
`Text Entry
`ISR Handbook of Research on User Interface Design and Evaluation for Mobile Technology
`2008
`Text entry on mobile devices (e.g. phones and PDAs) has been a research challenge since devices
`shrank below laptop size: mobile devices are simply too small to have a traditional full-size
`keyboard. There has been a profusion of research into text entry techniques for smaller keyboards
`and stylus input: some of which have become mainstream, while others have not lived up to early
`expectations. This chapter will review the range of input techniques together with evaluations that
`have taken place to assess their validity: from theoretical modelling through to formal usability
`experiments. Finally, the chapter will discuss criteria for acceptance of new techniques and how
`market perceptions can overrule laboratory successes.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Michelle Montgomery Masters
`
`Paper Rejected (p>0.05): An introduction to the debate on appropriateness
`of null-hypothesis testing
`International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction
`2009
`Null-hypothesis statistical testing has been seriously criticised in other domains, to the extent of
`some advocating a complete ban on publishing p-values. This short position paper aims to introduce
`the argument to the mobile-HCI research community, who make extensive use of the controversial
`testing methods.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Mark Baillie
`
`Tactile Feedback for Predictive Text Entry
`ACM CHI
`2009
`Predictive text entry provides a fast way to enter text on phones and other small devices. Early work
`on predictive text entry highlighted that the reaction time for checking the screen dominates text
`entry times. Improving accuracy of predictions brings a downside: as prediction gets better, users
`will drop the slow operation of checking the screen and will thus miss prediction errors and system
`feedback/suggestions. In this note, we present an experiment into the use of vibration to alert the
`user when word completion is likely to aid them, using a dynamic approach based on their current
`typing speed, and when there are no dictionary matches to their entry. Results show significantly
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`faster entry rates for users with vibration alerts, raising speeds from 20wpm to 23wpm once
`practiced.
`Authors: Mark Dunlop, Finbarr Taylor
`
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`Pickup Usability Dominates
`International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction
`2009
`Text entry on mobile devices (e.g. phones and PDAs) has been a research challenge since devices
`shrank below laptop size: mobile devices are simply too small to have a traditional full-size
`keyboard. There has been a