Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 1
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`Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 1
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`Webster's NewWorldm Computer Dictionary, Ninth Edition
`
`Copyright © 2001 by Hungry Minds, Inc.
`
`Hungry Minds, Inc.
`909 Third Ave.
`New York, NY 10022
`www.hungryminds.com
`
`All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any
`information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the
`Publisher.
`For general information on Hungry Minds' products and services please contact our
`Customer Care department; within the U.S. at 800-762-2974, outside the U.S. at
`317-572-3993 or fax 317- 572-4002. For sales inquiries and reseller information, includ(cid:173)
`ing discounts, bulk sales, customized editions, and premium sales, please contact our
`Customer Care department at 800-434-3422.
`
`A Webster's NewWorldm Book
`
`WEBSTER'S NEW WORLD DICTIONARY is a registered trademark of
`Hungry Minds, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Control Number: 2001091950
`
`ISBN 0-7645-6325-4
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`Cataloging-in-publication information available upon request.
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
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`Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 2
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`hard disk
`
`172
`
`hard disk A secondary storage medium
`that uses several rigid disks coated with a
`magnetically sensitive material and housed
`together with the recording heads in a her(cid:173)
`metically sealed mechanism. Hard drive
`performance is measured in terms of access
`time, seek time, rotational speed (measured
`in revolutions per minute), and data trans(cid:173)
`fer rate. Hard drive interface standards-the
`means by which hard drives transmit their
`contents to other parts of a computer(cid:173)
`include ST506/ST-412, IDE, EIDE, ESDI,
`SCSI, and Wide SCSI. IDE and SCSI are
`most common today. See BIDE, IDE,
`SCSI.
`
`hard disk backup program A utility
`program that backs up hard disk data
`and programs onto floppy disks. See backup
`utility.
`
`hard disk controller The circuitry, usu(cid:173)
`ally mounted on the hard disk itself, that
`controls the spindle motor and the head
`actuator of a hard disk. Under instructions
`from the host adapter, the hard disk con(cid:173)
`troller searches for needed information and
`communicates it to the rest of the com(cid:173)
`puter. IDE hard disk controllers must be
`configured in different ways, depending on
`whether they are master or slave drives.
`
`hard disk drive See hard disk.
`
`hard disk interface An electronic stan(cid:173)
`dard for connecting a hard disk to the
`computer. See ESDI, IDE, SCSI.
`
`hard drive See hard disk.
`
`hard hyphen
`In word processing pro(cid:173)
`grams, a special hyphen that acts as a regular
`character so that text cannot word wrap at
`this hyphen. Synonymous with nonbreak(cid:173)
`ing hyphen. See soft hyphen.
`
`hard page break A page break inserted
`by the user that remains in effect even after
`the user later adds or deletes text above the
`break. In contrast, the soft page break
`
`inserted by the program moves automati(cid:173)
`cally as one adds and deletes
`text.
`Synonymous with forced page break.
`
`hard return
`In word processing pro(cid:173)
`grams, a line break created by pressing the
`Enter key, as opposed to a soft return,
`which a program creates automatically at
`the end of a line. Unlike a soft return, a
`hard return stays in place when one inserts
`and deletes text.
`
`hard space
`In word processing pro(cid:173)
`grams, a space specially formatted as a
`regular chaq.cter so that the text cannot
`start a new line, breaking the phrase at the
`space's location. Hard spaces often are used
`to keep two-word proper nouns or month
`and date together on the same line, such as
`Key Biscayne,[hard space]West Point, and
`January[hard space]25.
`
`hardware The electronic components,
`boards, peripherals, and equipment that
`make up a computer system; distinguished
`from the programs (software) that tell these
`components what to do. See firmware, soft(cid:173)
`ware.
`
`hardware cache A buffer on a disk
`drive controller or a disk drive. The buffer
`stores frequently accessed program instruc~
`tions and data, as well as additional tracks of
`data that a program might need next. A
`computer can access required data much
`more quickly from the hardware cache
`than from the disk. The data is then deliv(cid:173)
`ered as fast as the expansion bus can carr)'
`it. Both 32-bit and 16-bit cached disk con(cid:173)
`troller cards are available. See disk drive
`controller.
`
`hardware conflict A computer mal(cid:173)
`function caused by two peripheral devi~es
`attempting to access the same interrupt l~ne
`or input/output channel. See IRQ con.fltd·
`1 physical
`•
`hardware
`contro
`flow
`r
`modem ciryuits that implement an e~~;
`correction protocol, such as MNP4 or ·
`
`Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 3
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`memory
`
`234
`
`memory The computer's primary stor(cid:173)
`age, such as random access memory
`(RAM), as distinguished from its secondary
`storage, such as disk drives.
`
`memory address A code number that
`specifies a specific location in a computer's
`random access memory (RAM).
`
`memory cache See cache memory.
`
`memory card See flash memory card.
`
`memory check Part of the Power-On
`Self-Test (POST) that verifies that the
`computer's random access memory (RAM)
`is properly plugged in and is functioning
`well. As the computer goes through its boot
`routine, the user can often see the progress
`of the memory check on the display. If
`there is a problem in memory, be sure to
`record the memory address of the error and
`give it to a computer repair technician.
`
`array
`gate
`controller
`memory
`Alternative tenl_l for Multi-color Graphics
`Array (MCGA), a video standard once used
`in the low-end models of IBM's Personal
`System/2 computers.
`
`memory leak A programming flaw that
`causes a program to use new portions of
`memory instead of rewriting previously
`used portions. A program with a memory
`leak (a common flaw ofbeta software) will
`consume additional memory as it is used; in
`the worst case, the program will consume
`all the available memory and eventually
`cause the computer to stop operating.
`
`memory management Collective
`term for a variety of strategies for ensuring
`that programs have sufficient available
`memory to function correctly. See memory(cid:173)
`management program, virtual memory.
`
`memory-management program A
`utility program that increases the apparent
`size of random access memory (RAM) by
`making expanded memory, extended
`
`memory, or virtual memory available for
`the execution of programs.
`
`memory management unit (MMU)
`In a computer equipped with virtual mem(cid:173)
`ory, a chip (integrated circuit) that enables
`the computer to use a portion of the hard
`disk as if it were an extension of the com(cid:173)
`puter's random access memory (RAM). See
`virtual memory.
`
`memory map An arbitrary allocation of
`portions of a computer's random access
`memory (RAM), defining which areas the
`computer can use for specific purposes.
`
`memory
`memory.
`
`protection See protected
`
`memory-resident program See termi(cid:173)
`nate-and-stay-resident (TSR) program.
`
`memory word See word.
`
`menu An onscreen display that lists
`available command choices. See menu bar,
`pull-down menu.
`
`menu bar
`In a graphical user interface
`(GUI), a bar stretching across the top of the
`screen (or the top of a window) that con(cid:173)
`tains the names of available pull-down
`menus.
`
`menu-driven program A program that
`provides menus for choosing program
`options so that the user does not need to
`memorize commands. See command-driven
`program.
`
`~
`
`merge printing See mail merge.
`
`message queue
`In Microsoft Windows,
`a special space in the memory that is set
`aside to list the messages that applications
`send each other. In Microsoft Windows
`3.1, there is only one message queue. If an
`application hangs and prevents other appli(cid:173)
`cations from checking the queue, the entire
`system is frozen beyond recovery. In
`
`Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 4
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`storage device
`
`350
`
`351
`
`so that this information is available for pro(cid:173)
`cessing purposes. See primary storage,
`secondary storage.
`
`storage device Any optical or magnetic
`device capable of information storage func(cid:173)
`tions in a computer system. See secondary
`storage.
`
`storage medium
`In a storage device,
`the material that retains the stored infor(cid:173)
`mation (such as the magnetic material on
`the surface of a floppy disk).
`
`store-and-forward network A wide
`area network (WAN) created by means of
`the telephone system. Each computer in
`the network stores messages received dur(cid:173)
`ing the day. At night, when telephone rates
`are low, the computer's automatic software
`dials a central distribution site. The com(cid:173)
`puter uploads those messages addressed to
`other computers on the system and down(cid:173)
`loads messages from other computers.
`Store-and-forward technology is the basis
`of the Unix-to-Unix Copy Program
`(UUCP), a Unix network, and FidoNet,
`one of several wide area networks that link
`computer bulletin board systems (BBS).
`
`stored program concept The idea,
`which underlies the architecture of all
`modern computers, that programs should
`be stored in memory with data. This con(cid:173)
`cept suggests that a program can jump back
`and forth through instructions instead of
`executing them sequentially. This insight
`launched virtually the entire world of
`modern computing, but it also introduced
`a known limitation. See von Neumann bot(cid:173)
`tleneck, parallel processing.
`
`storefront
`In the World Wide Web
`(WWW), a Web document that establishes
`a commercial enterprise's presence on the
`Web. Typically, a storefront does not
`attempt to provide a complete catalog, but
`instead illustrates a few items or services
`that typify what the firm has to offer. Web
`marketing experience demonstrates that
`
`the most successful storefronts are those
`that offer some interesting freebies, such as
`information or downloadable software. As
`security protocols become more widely
`used, customers will be able to use their
`credit cards safely to place orders. See
`S-HTTP, SSL.
`
`stream A continuous flow of data
`through a channel, in contrast to data deliv(cid:173)
`ery by means of packets (fixed, numbered,
`and addressed units of data that may arrive
`out of order).
`
`streaming audio On a computer net(cid:173)
`work, a method of sending audio data as a
`continuous, compressed stream that is
`played back on the fly. In contrast to down(cid:173)
`loaded sounds, which may not begin
`playing for several minutes, streaming audio
`begins almost immediately. There is no uni(cid:173)
`versally
`supported
`streaming
`audio
`standard; the de facto standard is Real
`Audio.
`
`streaming SIMD extensions (SSE) A
`set of 3D graphics instructions incor(cid:173)
`porated into Intel microprocessors, begin(cid:173)
`ning with the Pentium III. Also known as
`Katmai New Instructions (KNI). See SIMD.
`
`streaming tape drive A secondary
`storage device that uses continuous tape,
`contained in a cartridge, for backup
`purposes.
`
`streaming video On a computer net(cid:173)
`work, a method of sending video data as a
`continuous, compressed stream that is
`played back on the fly. Like streaming
`audio, streaming videos begin playing
`almost immediately.
`
`stress test An alpha test procedure. in
`which the manufacturer tries to deternune
`how a program will behave under heavy
`.
`a
`demands. By pushing lots of data mt~ e
`program, a manufacturer can deternu~Jl
`whether, when, and how the program Wl
`fail under real-life conditions.
`
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`Blue Coat Systems - Exhibit 1025 Page 5