`
`
`Owen et al.
`
`
`
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`
`
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`
`
`
`
`US 8,681,164 B2
`
`
`
`*Mar. 25, 2014
`
`US00868l l64B2
`
`
`
`(54) ELECTRONIC SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SELECTIVELY ALLOWING ACCESS TO A
`
`
`
`SHARED MEMORY
`
`
`
`.
`.
`.
`
`(71) Appheami (sgggleroeleetrenless Inc-s C0PPe11s TX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(72)
`
`
`Inventors: Jefferson Eugene Owen, Fremont, CA
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(US); Raul Zegers Diaz, Palo Alto, CA
`
`
`
`
`(US); Osvaldo Colavin, Tucker, GA
`(US)
`
`
`(73) Assignee: STMicroelectronics, Inc., Coppell, TX
`
`
`
`
`
`(US)
`
`
`( * ) Notice:
`
`
`
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`
`
`
`
`
`
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S.C. l54(b) by 0 days.
`This patent is subject to a terminal dis-
`
`
`
`
`
`claimer,
`
`
`
`
`
`(21) Appl.No.: 13/655,152
`.
`
`Ffled:
`
`(22)
`
`
`(65)
`
`
`
`Oct 18’ 2012
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Prior Publication Data
`
`
`
`US 2013/0042072911
`
`
`
`F311 14, 2013
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Related U-S- APP11eat10n Data
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(63) Continuation of application No. 13/239,200, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sep. 21, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,314,808, which is a
`(Continued)
`
`
`
`(51)
`
`
`
`
`(2006-01)
`
`(200601)
`
`
`
`Int C1-
`
`
`G06F 13/18
`
`G06F 15/167
`(52) U-S- C1-
`
`
`
`......................................... ..
`
`(58) Field of Classification Search
`
`
`
`
`USPC ........................ .. 345/541, 535, 542, 547, 555
`
`
`
`
`
`
`See application file for complete search history.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`
`
`4,257,095 A
`
`4,774,550 A
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`3/1981 N di
`.......................... .. 710/119
`
`
`9/1983 Cgnffmi
`.....................H 354/200
`
`
`
`
`(Continued)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`2100700
`1/1995
`
`69631364
`11/2004
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CA
`
`DE
`
`
`(Continued)
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`Accelerated Graphics Port Interface Specification, Revision 1.0, Intel
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Corporation, -1111. 31, 1996*
`
`
`
`
`(Continued)
`
`
`
`
`
`Primary Examiner — Hau Nguyen
`
`
`
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm — Seed IP Law Group PLLC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ABSTRACT
`(57)
`
`
`An electronic system, an integrated circuit and a method for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`display are disclosed. The electronic system contains a first
`device, a memory and a v1deo/aud1o compression/decom-
`
`
`
`
`
`pression device such as a decoder/encoder. The electronic
`
`
`
`
`
`
`system is configured to allow the first device and the video/
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`audio compression/decompression device to share the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`memery- The eleetrenie System may be ineluded in 3‘ eem'
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Puter 11} Whlch 031:? L11:Igemory 15 31 mam memory; 1t‘/Emory
`access 1s accomp 1s e
`y one or more memory 1n e aces,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`direct coupling of the memory to a bus, or direct coupling of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the first device and decoder/encoder to a bus. An arbiter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`selectively provides access for the first device and/or the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`decoder/encoder to the memory based on priority. The arbiter
`
`
`
`
`
`
`may be monolithically integrated into a memory interface.
`The decoder may be a video decoder configured to comply
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the
`standard. The memory may store predicted
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`images obtained from a preceding image.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`17 Claims, 6 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page1 of 19
`
`Samsung Exhibit 1015
`
`Samsung Exhibit 1015
`
`Page 1 of 19
`
`
`
`
`
`US 8,681,164 B2
`Page 2
`
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`W0
`
`
`
`1/1996
`08-018953
`
`
`4/1998
`10-108117
`
`
`5/1998
`10-145739
`
`
`7/1995
`95/20557
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`Ackland, “The Role ofVLSI in Multimedia,” IEEE Journal ofSolid-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`State Circuits, Apr. 1994, vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 381-388.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Adam et al, “The Vidboard: AVideo Capture and Processing Periph-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`eral for a Distributed Multimedia System,” ACM Multimedia, Aug.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1-6, 1993, vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 113-120.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Adiletta, et al ., “Architecture of a Flexible Real-Time Video Encoder/
`
`Decoder: The DECchip 21230,”Multimedia HardwareArchitectures
`
`
`
`1997, Feb. 12-13, 1997, vol. 3021, pp. 136-148.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the
`executing
`Apple Macintosh Quadra
`840AV when
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“Fusionrecorder 1.0” application as described in the 1993 Developer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Note entitled Macintosh Quadra 840AV and Macintosh Centris
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`660AV Computers.
`
`
`Araki, et a1., “Video DSP Architecture for MPEG2 CODEC,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ICASSP—94 SZAUVN, Speech Processing 2, Audio, Underwater
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Acoustics, VLSI & Neural Networks, Apr. 19-22, 1994, vol. 2, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`417-420.
`
`Bailey et al., “Programmable Vision Processor/Controller for Flex-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ible Implementation of Current and Future Image Compression Stan-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`dards,” IEEE Micro, Oct. 1992, pp. 33-39.
`
`
`Bao et al., “OCP_A: An Efficient QoS Control Scheme for Real Time
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Communications,” IEEE Global Telecommunications
`
`
`
`
`Conference, Conference Record, Nov. 3-8, 1997, vol. 2 of 3, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`741-745.
`
`Baugher, “The OS/2 Resource Reservation System,” Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computing andNetworking 1995, Feb. 1995, vol. 2417, pp. 167-176.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Baum et al., “A Multimedia Chipset for Consumer Audio-Visual
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Applications,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Aug.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1997, vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 646-648.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bhaskaran et al ., “Multimedia Architectures: From Desktop Systems
`
`
`
`
`
`
`to Portable Appliances,” Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Feb. 12-13, 1997, vol. 3021, pp. 14-25.
`
`
`
`
`
`Bhed et al., “A High-Performance Cross-Platform MPEG Decoder,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Digital Wdeo Compression on Personal Computers.‘ Algorithms and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Technologies, SPIE Proceedings, Feb. 7-8, 1994, vol. 2187, pp. 241-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`248.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bonannon et al., “The Architecture of the Dali Main-Memory Stor-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`age Manager,” Multimedia Tools and Applications, 1997, vol. 4, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 15 - 1 5 1 .
`
`Bouville et a1., “DVFLEX: A Flexible MPEG Real Time Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CODEC,” International Conference on Image Processing, Sep.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`16-19, 1996, vol. II ofIII, pp. 829-832.
`
`
`
`
`
`Bove, Jr., “The Impact ofNew Multimedia Representations on Hard-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ware and Software Systems,” Multimedia Hardware Architectures
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1997, Feb. 12-13, 1997, vol. 3021, pp. 34-39.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Brahmbatt, “A VLSI Architecture for Real Time Code Book Genera-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tor and Encoder of aVector Quantizer,” International Conference on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Image Processing, IEEE Signal Processing Society, vol. 2, Sep.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`16-19, 1996, pp. 991-994.
`
`
`Bursky, “Codec Compresses Images in Real Time: Real-Time
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Motion Video or Still Images Can be Compressed with Single-Chip
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multistandard Core,” Electronic Design, Oct. 3, 1993.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bursky , “Highly Integrated Controller Eases MPEG-2 Adoption,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Electronic Design, vol. 43, No. 17, pp. 141-142, Aug. 21, 1995.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Bursky, “Performing Over 8 BOPS, A Two Chip Set Can Compress
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`or Expand Video in Real Time Image Processing Chip Set Handles
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Full Motion Video,” Electronic Design, May 3, 1993.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Butler et al., “The Great Leap Forward,” PC Magazine, pp. 241-244,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`246, 248, 250, 253-254, 256, 260-261, 264, 266-268, 273-275, 278,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 11,1994.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`C-Cube CL450 MPEGVideo Decoder (“CL450”) as described in the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“CL450 MPEG Decoder User’s Manual,” C-Cube Microsystems,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Milpitas, CA 1992 (MOT-S 721789-721874).
`
`
`
`
`Chaddha et al., “A Real-Time Scalable Color Quantizer Trainer/
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Encoder,” The Twenty—Eighth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Sys-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tems & Computers, Oct. 30-Nov. 2, 1994, pp. 203-207.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(63)
`
`
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 13/015,385, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Jan. 27, 2011, now Pat. No. 8,054,315, which is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 12/857,455, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Aug. 16, 2010, now Pat. No. 7,898,548, which is a
`continuation of application \o. 12/424,389, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Apr. 15, 2009, now Pat. No. 7,777,753, which is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 11/956,165, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Dec. 13, 2007, now Pat. No. 7,542,045, which is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 10/174,918, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Jun. 19, 2002, now Pat. No. 7,321,368, which is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 09/539,729, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Mar. 30, 2000, now Pat. No. 6,427,194, which is a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`continuation of application \o. 08/702,910, filed on
`
`
`
`
`
`Aug. 26, 1996, now Pat. No. 6,058,459.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`
`.................. .. 307/518
`1/1990 Marquardt
`4,894,565 A
`
`
`
`
`
`...................... .. 380/20
`6/1991 Bajiet al.
`5,027,400 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`. 382/166
`5/1993 Normile et al.
`5,212,742 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`. 345/189
`10/1993 Valentaten et al.
`5,250,940 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`. 395/425
`11/1994 Takeda ......... ..
`5,363,500 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`. 395/725
`12/1994 Price etal.
`5,371,893 A
`..
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1995 Lehman et al.
`5,450,542 A
`395/162
`
`
`
`
`
`. 348/431.1
`10/1995 Scalise et al.
`..
`5,459,519 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`283/304
`10/1995 Normile etal
`5,461,679 A
`
`
`
`
`
`5/1996 Harney ....................... .. 395/727
`5,522,080 A
`
`
`
`
`
`8/1996 Bowes et al.
`............... .. 710/114
`5,546,547 A *
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1996 Retteretal.
`364/514A
`5,557,538 A
`
`
`
`
`
`11/1996 Cheney et al.
`348/407
`5,576,765 A
`
`
`
`
`
`11/1996 Artieri
`...... ..
`. 348/416
`5,579,052 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12/1996 Silverbrook
`. 395/133
`5,590,252 A
`
`
`
`
`
`1/1997 Nallyet al.
`.
`5,598,525 A
`395/520
`
`
`
`
`
`4/1997 Joh ........ ..
`395/200.02
`5,621,893 A
`
`
`
`
`
`4/1997 Popat
`..... ..
`395/728
`5,623,672 A
`
`
`
`
`
`10/1997 Lambrecht .................. .. 710/128
`5,682,484 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5/1998 Tang et al.
`.................. .. 345/521
`5,748,203 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/1998 LaBerge ...... ..
`710/107
`5,771,358 A *
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/1998 Wasserman et al.
`395/200.77
`5,774,206 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/1998 Stearns et al.
`709/247
`5,774,676 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`7/1998 Stearns
`. 382/233
`5,778,096 A
`
`
`
`
`
`8/1998 Okitsu ...... ..
`345/535
`5,793,384 A
`
`
`
`
`
`8/1998 Gulick et al.
`395/800.32
`5,797,028 A
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Kikinis et al.
`...... .. 710/2
`5,805,921 A *
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Zenda .... ..
`. 345/204
`5,809,245 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Pollmann eta.
`. 711/151
`5,809,538 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Diaz et al.
`.... ..
`. 709/247
`5,812,789 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Gulick et al.
`. 710/306
`5,812,800 A *
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1998 Muthal
`....................... .. 345/541
`5,815,167 A
`
`
`
`
`
`11/1998 Perego ........................ .. 345/202
`5,835,082 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6/1999 Malladi et al.
`. 345/521
`5,912,676 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`......... ..
`7/1999 Sun et al.
`. 370/477
`5,923,665 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8/1999 Torborg, Jr. et al.
`. 345/202
`5,936,616 A
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`9/1999 Lam ............. ..
`. 711/202
`5,960,464 A
`
`
`
`
`
`5,977,947 A * 11/1999 Potu ....... ..
`. 345/660
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,058,459 A
`5/2000 Owen et al.
`. 711/151
`
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`6,297,832 B1
`10/2001 Mizuyabu et al.
`. 345/540
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`6,330,644 B1
`12/2001 Yarnashita et al.
`.......... .. 711/147
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`
`0 639 032
`7/1994
`
`
`
`
`0 673 171
`9/1995
`0 495 574
`3/1997
`
`
`
`
`0827110
`3/1998
`
`
`
`
`
`
`0827348
`3/1998
`
`
`0 710 029
`3/2002
`
`
`
`
`0772159
`1/2004
`
`
`4/1997
`2740583
`
`
`06-030442
`2/1994
`
`
`06-178274
`6/1994
`
`
`06-348238
`12/1994
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EP
`
`EP
`EP
`
`EP
`
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`EP
`
`FR
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`JP
`
`
`Page2 of 19
`
`Page 2 of 19
`
`
`
`
`
`US 8,681,164 B2
`Page 3
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Chang et al., “Columbia’s VoD and Multimedia Research Testbed
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`with Heterogeneous Network Support,” Multimedia Tools andAppli-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cations, 1997, vol. 5, pp. 171-184.
`
`
`
`
`
`Chaudhry et al., “A Framework for Analysis of Guaranteed QOS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Systems,” Wdeo Techniques and SoftwareforFull—ServiceNetworks,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Nov. 21, 1996, vol. 2915, pp. 25-38.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Chen et al., “Video Encoder Architecture for MPEG2 Real Time
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Encoding,” IEEE Transactions Consumer Electronics, Aug. 1996,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 290-299.
`
`
`
`
`
`Cheng et al., “Disk Management for a Hard Real—Time File System,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Systems, vol. 4, No. 2, 1996, pp. 255-260.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Chiariglione, “MPEG: A Technological Basis for Multimedia Appli-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cations,” Multimedia, Spring 1995, vol. 2, No. 1.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Choe et al., “ATM-Based Multi-Party Conferencing System,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Global Telecommunications Conference, Nov. 1995, vol. 1 of 3, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`592-596.
`
`Colaitis, “Opening Up Multimedia Object Exchange with MHEG,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia, Summer 1994, vol. 2, No. 2.
`
`
`
`
`
`Coulson et al., “The Design of a QoS-Controlled ATM-Based Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`munications System in Chorus,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Communications, May 1995, vol. 13, No. 4, pp. 686-699.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Deka, “A Comprehensive Study of Digital Signal Processing
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Devices,” Microprocessors and Microsystems, May 1995, vol. 19,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No. 4, pp. 209-221.
`
`
`
`Demairy et al., “On the Correctness of Multimedia Applications,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The 11”’ Euromicro Conference on Real— Time Systems, IEEE Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`puter Society, Jun. 9-11, 1999, pp. 226-233.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Doquilo “Symmetric Multiprocessing Servers: Scaling the Perfor-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`mance Wall,” Infoworld, pp. 82-85, 88-92, Mar. 27, 1995.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dusen et al., “From Concept to an Implementation,” International
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Broadcasting Convention, Sep. 12-16, 1996.
`
`
`
`
`
`Dutta et al., “VLSI Issues in Memory-System Design for Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Signal Processors,” IEEE 1995, pp. 498-503.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Furht, “Multimedia Systems: An Overview,” Multimedia, Sprin
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1994, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 47-59.
`
`
`
`
`
`Furht, “Processor Architectures for Multimedia: A Survey,” Multi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`media Modeling, Nov. 17-20, 1997, pp. 89-109.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Galbi et al., “An MPEG-1 Audio/Video Decoder with Run-Length
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Compressed Antialiased Video Overlays,” IEEE International Solid
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`State Circuits Conference, pp. 286-287, 381, 1995.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ganesan, “A Dual-DSP Microprocessor System for Real—Time Digi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tal Correlation,”Microprocessors and Microsystems, Sep. 1991, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`15, No. 7, pp. 29-37.
`
`
`
`
`Ganesan, “A Dual-DSP Microprocessor System for Real—Time Digi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tal Correlation,” Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 15, No. 7,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sep. 1991, pp. 379-384.
`
`
`
`
`Gass, “Architecture Trends of MPEG Decoders for Set-Top Box,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997, Feb. 12-13, 1997, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3021, pp. 162-169.
`
`
`
`Giorgis, “SMP Network Operating Systems,” Computer Dealer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`News, vol. 12, No. 16, Aug. 8, 1996.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Goodenough et al., “A General Purpose, Single Chip Video Signal
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Processing (VSP) Architecture for Image Processing, Coding and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computer Vision,” IEEE 1994, pp. 1-4.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Goodenough et al., “A Single Chip Video Signal Processing Archi-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tecture for In1age Processing, Coding and Computer Vision,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transaction on Circuits and Systems for Wdeo Technology, Oct.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1995, vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 436-445.
`
`
`
`
`
`Gove et al., “Image Computing Requirements for the 1990s: From
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia to Medicine,” The International Society for Optical
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Engineering, Medical Imaging I/.' Image Capture, Formatting and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Display, Feb. 1991, vol. 1444, pp. 318-333.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Gove, “The MVP: A Highly-Integrated Video Compression Chip,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DCC ’94, Data Compression Conference, Mar. 29-31, 1994, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`215-224.
`
`Green, “Capturing Digital Video Using DVI, Multimedia and the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`i750 video processor,” Dr Dobb ’s Journal, Jul. 1992, vol. 17, Issue 7.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 19
`
`
`
`
`Gruger et al ., “MPEG-1 Low-Co st Encoder Solution,” Europe Series,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Advanced Image and Wdeo Communications and Storage Technolo-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gies, Mar. 20-23, 1995, vol. 2451, pp. 41-51.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Guediri et al., “An Affordable Solution to Real—Time Video Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pression,” Technical Conference, Session 10Imaging & HDTV, Mar.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8, 1995, pp. 261-265.
`
`
`
`
`Guttag et al., “A Single-Chip Multiprocessor for Multimedia: The
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`MVP,” IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Nov. 1992, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`53-64.
`
`Hoffner et al., “Communication between two microprocessors
`
`
`
`
`
`
`through common memory,” Microprocessors andMicrosystems, Jul./
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Aug. 1982, vol. 6, No. 6, pp. 303-308.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Huang et al., “On Supporting Mission-Critical Multimedia Applica-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tions,” International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Sys-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tems, Jun. 17-23, 1996, pp. 46-53.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Huang et al., “Resource Management for Continuous Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Database Applications,” Real—Time Systems Symposium, Dec. 7-9,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1994, pp. 46-54.
`
`
`
`Huynh et al., “Performance Analysis of Advanced I/O Architectures
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for PC-based Video Servers,” Multimedia Systems, vol. 2, No. 1,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1994, pp. 36-50.
`
`
`
`Irvin et al., “A New Generation of MPEG-2 Video Encoder ASIC &
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ITS Application to New Technology Markets,” International Broad-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`casting Convention, Sep. 12-16, 1996, Pub. No. 428.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Jain et al., “An Integrated Circuit Design for Pruned Tree Search
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Vector Quantization Encoding with an Off-Chip Controller,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transactions on Circuit and Systems for I/zdeo Technology, Jun.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1992, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 147-158.
`
`
`
`
`
`Kassim et al., “A DSP-Based Video Compression Test-Bed,” Micro-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`processors and Microsystems, vol. 20, 1997, pp. 541-551.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kanellopoulos et al., “The Comprehensive Approach of QOS and the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Evolution ofACSE Protocols in Multimedia Communications,” Pro-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ceedings ofthe Third IEEE International Conference on Electronics,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Circuits, and Systems, Oct. 13-16, 1996, vol. 1, pp. 323-326.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kettler et al., “Scheduling Analysis of the Micro Channel Architec-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ture for MultimediaApplications,” International Conference on Mul-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia Computing and Systems, May 14-19, 1994, pp. 403-414.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Khayat et al., “A Proposed Bus Arbitration Scheme for Multimedia
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Workstations,” International Conference on Multimedia Computing
`
`
`
`
`and Systems, May 14-19, 1994, pp. 415-423.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kim et al., “A Real—Time MPEG Encoder Using a Programmable
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Processor,” IEEE, 1994, pp. 161-170.
`
`
`
`
`
`King, Inside Windows 95, Microsoft Press, Redmond Washington,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 85-90, 1994.
`
`
`
`Kinugasa et al., “A Video Pre/Post-processing LSI for Video Cap-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ture,” 1996 Digest ofTechnical Papers, Jun. 5-7, 1996, pp. 396-397.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Kohiyama et al., “Architecture of MPEG-2 Digital Set-Top-Box for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CATV Vod System,” IEEE, 1996, pp. 667-672.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Koinuma eta1., “ATM in B-ISDN Communication Systems andVLSI
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Realization,” IEEE Journal of Solid—State Circuits, Apr. 1995, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`30, No. 4, pp. 341-347.
`
`
`
`
`Kondo et al., “Two-Chip MPEG-2 Video Encoder,”IEEEMicro, Apr.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1996, vol. 16, No. 2, pp. 51-58.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lau et al., “A Novel Video-On-Demand Storage Architecture for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Supporting Constant Frame Rate with Variable Bit Rate Retrieval,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Networkand Operating Systems SupportforDigitalAudio and I/zdeo,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Apr. 19-21, 1995, pp. 294-305.
`
`
`
`
`
`Lee et al., “MediaStation 5000: Integrating Video and Audio,” Mul-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia, Summer 1994, vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 50-61.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lee et al., “Real—Time MPEG Video Compression Using the MVP,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Data Compression Conference ’94, Mar. 29-31, 1994.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lin et al., “Low Power Design for MPEG-2 Video Decoder,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transactions on ConsumerElectronics, Aug. 1996, vol. 42, No. 3, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`5 13 -521 .
`
`
`Lin and Chein-WeiJen, “On the Bus Arbitration for MPEG2 Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Decoder,” VLSI Tech, Systems and Appl. 1995 Symposium, pp. 201-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`205.
`
`Lin et al., “DMA-based Communications between PC and DSP,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Microprocessors and Microsystems, Apr. 1991, vol. 15, No. 3, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`137-142.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 19
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US 8,681,164 B2
`Page 4
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lisa et al., “A Reconfigurable Coprocessor for a PCI-based Real
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Time Computer Vision System,” Field—Programmable Logic and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Applications, 7”’ International Workshop, FPL 1997, London, UK,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sep. 1-3, 1997, pp. 392-399.
`
`
`
`
`
`Liu, “MPEG Decoder Architecture for Embedded Applications,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics, Nov. 1996, vol. 42, No.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`4, pp. 1021-1028.
`
`
`
`Majeed, “Dual Processor Automotive Controller,” IEEE, 1988, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`39-44.
`
`Maturi, “Single Chip MPEGAudio Decoder, ”IEEE Transactions on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Consumer Electronics, vol. 38, No. 3, pp. 348-356, Aug. 1992.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Matsuo et al., “A Programmable Video Codec System for Low-Bit-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rate Communication,”IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElectronics,
`
`
`
`
`Aug. 1997, vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 903-910.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Miura et al., “A 600 mW Single Chip MPEG2 Video Decoder,” IEICE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Trans. Electrono, Dec. 1995, vol. E78-C, No. 12, pp. 1691-1696.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Morton, “A236 Parallel DSP Chip Provides Real-Time Video Pro-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cessing Economically and Efficiently,” Electro ’96 Professional Pro-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gram Proceedings, Apr. 30-May 2, 1996, pp. 261-268.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“MPEG Video Overview,” SGS—Thomson Microelectronics Techni-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cal Note, pp. 1-4, 1992.
`
`
`
`
`
`Ng et al., “An analysis of buffer sharing and prefetching techniques
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for multimedia systems,” Multimedia Systems, vol. 4, No. 2, 1996,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pp. 55-69.
`
`
`Ngai et al., “A Scalable Chip Set for MPEG2 Real-Time Encoding,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CompCon, 1996, pp. 193-198.
`
`
`
`
`Ngoh et al., “On Storage Server Issues for Multimedia-on-Demand
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`System,” Multimedia Modeling, Nov. 1995, pp. 393-409.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Oliver et al., “Distributed Connection Management for Real-Time
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Services,” From Multimedia Services to Network Ser-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vices, Dec. 1997, pp. 59-74.
`
`
`
`
`
`Ooi et al., “A PC-Based MPEG Compressed Data Decoder,” IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Transactions on Consumer Electronics, Nov. 1995, vol. 41, No.4, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1 169-1 173.
`
`
`
`Ooi et al., “An MPEG-2 Encoder Architecture Based on a Single Chip
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dedicated LSI witl1 a Control MPU,” IEEE, 1997, pp. 599-602.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Ozden et al., “On the Design of a Low-Cost Video-on-Demand Stor-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`age System,” IEEEJournal ofSolid State Circuits, Apr. 1994, vol. 29,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No.4, pp. 40-54.
`
`
`
`Shah, “Multimedia on the Internet,” The Twentieth Annual Interna-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tional Computer Software & Applications Conference, Aug. 21-23,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1996, p. 150.
`
`
`Pancha et al., “Bandwidth-Allocation Schemes for Variable-Bit-Rate
`
`
`
`
`
`MPEG Sources in ATM Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and Systems for Wdeo Technology, Jun. 1993, vol. 3, No. 3, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`190-198.
`
`Pillai, “Multimedia Over the Internet,” The Twentieth Annual Inter-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`national Computer Software & Applications Conference, Aug. 21,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`23, 1996, p. 149.
`
`
`
`Pirsch et al., “Architectural Approaches for Multimedia Processors,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997, Feb. 12-13, 1997, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`3021, pp. 2-13.
`
`
`
`Pirsch et al., “VLSI Architectures for Video Compression—A Sur-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vey,”Proceedings oftheIEEE, Feb. 1995, vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 220-246.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Pirsch et al., “VLSI Architectures for Video Signal Processing,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Image Processing and its Applications, Jul. 4-6, 1995, Conference
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Publication No. 410, pp. 6-10.
`
`
`
`
`
`Plansky, “Variable Block-Size Vector Quantization in the Transform
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Domain,” Signal Processing VI Theories and Applications, vol. III,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1992, pp. 1243-1246.
`
`
`
`Rangan et al., “Designing an On-Demand Multimedia Service,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE Communications Magazine, Jul. 1992, vol. 30, No. 7, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`56-64.
`
`Reddaway, “Fractal Graphics and Image Compression on a DAP,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The Design and Application of Parallel Digital Processors, Apr.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`11-15, 1988, p. 201.
`
`
`
`Richard et al., “The Washington University Broadband Terminal,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IEEE Journal on SelectedAreas in Communications, Feb. 1993, vol.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`11, No. 2, pp. 276-282.
`
`
`
`
`
`Page4 of 19
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Richard et al., “The Washington University Multimedia System,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multimedia Systems, vol. 1, No. 3, 1993, pp. 120-131.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rooholamini et al., “ATM-Based Multimedia Servers,” Multimedia,
`
`
`
`
`
`Spring 1995, vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 39-52.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Russell, “The Challenge ofVLSI Technology to Low-bit-rateVideo,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`International Symposium on VLSI Technology Systems and Applica-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tions, IEEE, Taipei, Taiwan, May 17-19, 1989, 164-168.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sabaa et al., “Design and Modelling of a Nonblocking Input Buffer
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ATM Switch,” Can. .I. Elect. & Comp. Eng., vol. 22, Nov. 3, 1997, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`87-93.
`
`Seed et al., “An Enhanced Transputer Module for Real-Time Image
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Processing,” Third International Conference on Image Processing,
`
`
`
`
`
`1989, pp. 131-135.
`
`
`
`Shah, “Multimedia on the Internet,” The Twentieth Annual Interna-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tional Computer Software & Applications Conferences, COMPSAC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`’96, Aug. 21-23, 1996, p. 150.
`
`
`
`
`
`Shepherd et al., “Quality-of-Service Support for Multimedia Appli-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`cations,” Multimedia, Fall 1996, vol. 3, No. 3, pp. 78-82.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Sriskanthan et al., “A Real-Time PC-Based Video Phone System on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ISDN/Lan,” IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, May
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1995, vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 332-342.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Stirpe et al., “Application Migration to Reserved Bandwidth Net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`works,” Multimedia Computing and Networking 1995, Feb. 1995,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vol. 2417, pp. 428-434.
`
`
`
`
`Tamitani et al., “An Encoder/Decoder Chip Set for the MPEG Video
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Standard,” IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Signal Processing, Mar. 23-26, 1992, pp. 661-664.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`The Motorola MCD212 Video Decoder and System Controller
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(“MCD212”)(as described in the Advance Information manual, pub-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`lished in the U.S. Aug. 1995, at MOT-S 723153-723240).
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Tiwari et al., “A Parallel MPEG-2 Video Encoder with Look-Ahead
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Rate Control,” The 1996 IEEE International Conference on Acous-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tics, Speech, and signal Processing Conference, May 7-10, 1996, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1994-1997.
`
`Tobagi et al., “Streaming RAID—A Disk Array Management System
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`for Video Files,”ACMMultimedia 93, Aug. 1-6, 1993, pp. 393-400.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Tsang et al., “A VLSI Architecture for a Real-Time Code Book
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Generator and Encoder of aVector Quantizer,” IEEE Transactions on
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a Joint Publication ofIEEE Circuits and Systems Society, the IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computer Society, the IEEE Solid—State Circuits Council, Sep. 1994,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 360-364.
`
`
`
`
`Undy et al., “A low-cost graphics and multimedia workstation chip
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`set,” IEEE Micro, vol. 14, No. 2, Apr. 1994, pp. 10-22.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Uramoto et al., “An MPEG2 Video Decoder LSI with Hierarchical
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Control Mechanism,” IEEE 1997 Custom Integrated Circuits Con-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ference, Apr. 26, 1995, pp. 1697-1708.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Texas Live (Sherman), Civil
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Docket for Case #: 4:03-cv-00276-LED, STMicroelectronics, Inc.,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Plaintiffv. Motorola, Inc., andFreescale Semiconductor, Inc., Defen-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`dants, Counterclaim Plaintiffs v. STMicroelectronics N. J/., and
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`STMicroelectronics, Inc., Counterclaim Defendants, date filed Jul.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`18, 2003, 47 pages.
`
`
`
`Verscheure et al., “Perceptual Video Quality and Activity Metrics:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Optimization of Video Service Based on MPEG-2 Encoding,” Mul-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia Telecommunications and Applications, Nov. 1996, pp. 249-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`265.
`
`Video Electronics Standards Association, “VESA Unified Memory
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Architecture Hardware Specifications Proposal,” Version: 1.0p, pp.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1-38, Oct. 31, 1995.
`
`
`
`
`Video Electronics Standards Association, VESA Unified Memory
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Architecture VESA BIOS Extensions (VUMA-SBE Proposal), Ver-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`sion 1.0p, pp. 1-26, Nov. 1, 1995.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Vogel et al., “Distributed Multimedia and QOS: A Survey,” Multime-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`dia, Summer 1995, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 10-19.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Williams et al., “A Programmable Solution for Standard Video Com-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pression,” in IEEE Computer Society Press, Thirty-Seventh IEEE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Computer Society International Conference, San Francisco, CA,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Feb. 24-28, 1992, pp. 47-50.
`
`
`
`
`
`Winzker et al., “Architecture and Memory Requirements for Stand-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Alone and Hierarchical MPEG2 HDTV-Decoders with Synchronous
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DRAMs,” IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Apr. 30-May 3, 1995, pp. 609-612.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 19
`
`
`
`
`
`US 8,681,164 B2
`Page 5
`
`
`(56)
`
`
`References Cited
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`
`
`Wolfe et al., “Design Methodology for Programmable Video Signal
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Processors,” Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997, Feb. 12-13,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1997, vol. 3021, pp. 26-31.
`
`
`
`
`
`Wolfe et al., “Concepts for Resource Reservation in Advance,” Mul-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`timedia Tools andApplications, 1997, pp. 255-278.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Wong et al., “The H-Bus: A Media Acquisition Bus Optimized for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Multiple Streams,” Multimedia Hardware Architectures 1997, Feb.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`12-13, 1997, vol. 3021, pp. 40-50.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Wrege et al., “Video Traflic Characterization for Multimedia Net-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`works with a Deterministic Service,” IEEE Inforcom ’96, Mar. 1996,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`vol. 2, pp. 537-544.
`
`
`
`Wu et al., “A Function-Pipelined Architecture and VLSI Chip for
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`MPEGVideo Image Coding,” IEEE Transactions on ConsumerElec—
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tronics, Nov. 1995, vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1127-1137.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Yamada et al., “Real-time MPEG2 Encoding and Decoding with a
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dual-Issue RISC Processor,” Proceedings ofthe IEEE 1997 Custom
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Integrated Circuits Conference, May 5-8, 1997, pp. 225-228.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Yamazaki et a