Surface Capacitive...3
`
`oz» Disadvantages
`4 No multi-touch
`
`4 Finger-only (or tethered pen)
`4 Calibration drift & susceptible to EMI
`4 Moderate optical quality (85% - 90%)
`
`«:0 Applications
`4 Regulated (casino) gaming
`4 Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals
`4 Point-of-Information (D"" "i~='"=
`4 Medical equipment % I
`
`otv Suppliers
`
`4
`
`Eml:lngYou_r
`K-Thlchfixpenonoa
`'
`
`J
`-“
`
`4 3M is the only significant supplier left
`
`03° Status
`
`4 It will be an irrelevant, obsolete technology in 5-7 years
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`oz» Disadvantages
`4 No multi-touch
`
`4 Finger-only (or tethered pen)
`4 Calibration drift & susceptible to EMI
`4 Moderate optical quality (85% - 90%)
`
`«:0 Applications
`4 Regulated (casino) gaming
`4 Point-of-Sale (POS) terminals
`4 Point-of-Information (D"" "i~='"=
`4 Medical equipment % I
`
`otv Suppliers
`
`4
`
`Eml:lngYou_r
`K-Thlchfixpenonoa
`'
`
`J
`-“
`
`4 3M is the only significant supplier left
`
`03° Status
`
`4 It will be an irrelevant, obsolete technology in 5-7 years
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Wacom’s Improved RRFC
`Surface Capacitive Technology...1
`
`«:0 How it works
`
`+ A linear voltage AND a ramp-shaped
`electrostatic field is created on the
`
`surface by applying AC on 2 corners &
`DC on the other two corners
`
`+ Controller switches signals around all
`4 corners, creating 4 ramp fields vs.
`single flat field in standard capacitive,
`and measures current in each case
`
`4 Resulting touch-event signal is
`independent of all capacitance effects
`except those due to finger-touch
`+ Controller does additional digital signal
`processing to compensate for factors
`that affect accuracy and drift
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`Somwmm
`(Trademark = CapPLUS)
`RRFC = Reversing Rafnped
`Field °aPa°‘""°
`
`
`
`Wacom’s Improved RRFC
`Surface Capacitive Technology...2
`
`«:0 Advantages
`
`+ Solves all the problems of traditional surface capacitive
`
`0 Works in mobile & stationary devices (10” to 32” now; 46" capable)
`
`o Unaffected by grounding changes, EMI, variations in skin dryness
`& finger size, temperature, humidity, metal bezels, etc.
`
`o Works outdoors in rain and snow
`
`0 Works through latex or polypropylene gloves
`
`0 Allows 4X thicker hardcoat for improved durability
`
`+ Uses same ASIC as Wacom’s EMR pen digitizer, so dual-mode
`input is lower cost & more efficient (e.g., in Tablet PC)
`
`«:0 Disadvantages (2 very big ones!)
`
`0 No mu|ti-touch
`
`# Sole-source supplier
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Resistive Touch Technologies
`
`02° Analog Resistive
`
`6' Analog Multi-Touch Resistive (AMR)
`
`02° Digital Mu|ti—Touch Resistive (DMR)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog
`Resistive
`
`Source: Engadget
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...1
`
`Conductive coating
`
`(no)
`
`Flexible
`hard-coated— '
`outer membrane
`
`Source: Elo Touch Solutions
`
`Source: Bergquist
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...2
`(4-Wire Construction)
`
`_
`X-AXIS
`
`Equivalent circuit
`
`Voltage
`gradient
`applied
`across
`
`Voltage
`gradient
`applied
`across
`
`coversheet
`
`Eiéizitziizizti
`
`ov5-cu
`...
`. 3» oua «
`.
`-
`. oousuoa 4.
`
`u Mu o»
`4.u44 » sun 4&6
`J
`» »..u..«.u nu.-..u»3
`
`Voltage
`measured
`on glass
`
`»....«.,.J,;,¢,,,m,m,,.«..,
`:.:::.::"
`.........
`.
`::::::' :::::-" :3
`........
`.
`..... ...
`.
`.. ...... ..
`........5 far
`.; .........
`......g ..,....... .
`>0
`...
`..
`,
`“.1
`,;~ myA>6¢§;§§'&..“‘.‘
`"
`
`Voltage
`measured on
`
`coversheet
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...3
`(5-Wire Construction)
`
`X-Axis
`
`nu-ea uuuuu “an:-ans. »u
`an .
`rnvn-I mnnnnn rn
`an
`3.3 z-»...».....«» ‘"3
`
`Xian uuuu
`.
`uuouou
`
`
`
`
` 4ado: st uuuu a uut u:curot: 2:44:.4........l.....-. .....mm..m...m.......... ......m.......44 3 3 ooan¢4 «4 3 oou4n¢4-to 4:» >4 4
`
`
`
`
`
`.4
`17:44
`fin“. nus»
`1 550
`u
`Wt cw...“
`.
`t;................
`
`Contact point
`on coversheet is
`
`a voltage probe
`
`Linearization
`
`pattern
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`Equivalent circuit
`
`Voltage
`gradient
`applied
`across
`
`glass in
`X-axis
`
`9
`
`Voltage
`gradient
`applied
`across
`
`glass in
`Y-axis
`
`Contact point
`on coversheet
`
`is a voltage
`probe
`
`..
`4+1-9-vr1‘vv-9-rvvv we-vvvv-v-n4-my-o
`on» luv». «cannon»
`mm
`..
`EZl‘:::::x5 M’,
`..
`_
`4“‘uu+~’
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...4
`
`~:~ Types
`
`+ 4-wire (low cost, short life) is common in mobile devices
`
`+ 5-wire (higher cost, long life) is common in stationary devices
`
`+ 6-wire & 7-wire = obsolete 5-wire; 8-wire = replacement only
`
`oz» Constructions
`
`+ Film (PET) + glass (previous illustration) is the most common
`
`+ Film + film (used in some cellphones) can be made flexible
`
`+ Glass + glass is the most durable; automotive is the primary use
`
`+ Film + film + glass, others...
`
`«:0 Options
`
`+ Surface treatments (AR, AG, AF, AC, AB),
`rugged substrate, dual-force touch,
`high-transmissivity, surface armoring,
`many others...
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`(50-uM glass) Source: Schott
`
`intel
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...5
`
`0:0 Size range
`
`+ 1" to ~24” (>20” is rare)
`
`«to Controllers
`
`+ Many sources
`4 Single chip, embedded in chipset/CPU,
`or “universal” controller board
`
`0:0 Advantages
`+ Works with finger, stylus or any non-sharp object
`4 Lowest-cost touch technology
`5 Widely available (it’s a commodity)
`+ Easily sealable to IP65 or NEMA-4
`+ Resistant to screen contaminants
`4 Low power consumption
`
`:
`E
`3... If
`
`Liyitec
`
`Source: Microchip
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...6
`
`«:0 Disadvantages
`+ Not durable (PET top surface is easily damaged)
`+ Poor optical quality (10%-20% light loss)
`+ No multi-touch
`
`«to Applications
`
`4 Mobile devices (shrinking) /
`
`+ Point of sale (POS) terminals
`
`+ Automotive
`
`+ IndustrialL) T
`
`J
`
`+ Wherever cost is #1
`
`Source: Renu
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Analog Resistive...7
`
`°:~ Suppliers
`
`+ Young Fast, Nissha, Nanjing Wally, Truly, EELY, Mutto, J-Touch...
`
`+ 60+ suppliers
`
`«to Market trends
`
`+ Analog resistive is shrinking in units and revenue
`
`0 P-cap dominates in most consumer applications
`
`4 Analog resistive is still significant in commercial applications
`
`a Especially POS and industrial-control terminals
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`1% (”.9I
`.“ nu
`Jfl (IE9!
`5&0 (I181
`.|”$ I30]
`EIFOSIII
`KAI SIC
`
`ill” R316)
`I303 KZISII CLEAR Vllv AKA
`I340) K2120! IEIIVE REA
`
`IIIHIIIIIIIIIIIDIQIOIIIO
`
`.
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`l
`I
`I
`._-i_.;_;._5._.'__,__~..-.§_
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`
`"
`‘
`'
`‘
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`I
`-
`0
`ll
`nwfifi%+++%%fi
`u.._-I.._.J ..-..|..--f-...:.. ..L...+_-—:--_J‘--. .3
`E
`
`H
`
`II
`
`It
`
`I 3
`
`It
`
`fl an
`
`-I
`3=::
`M
`
`(JI6[I013
`
`til”(1638)QC}!VIDIAKA
`
`
`
`704??HUNG
`
`/-\n3'09
`Multi-Touch
`
`Resistive
`
`
`
`
`
`62137(I361ICYIVCit
`
`TOUCH SlDE' VIEW
`
`Source: Touch lntemational
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Analog Multi-Touch Resistive...1
`
`“4-wire analog touchscreen”
`“Digital channel"
`
`10-20 mm
`
`f
`'
`
`",
`3
`
`‘
`
`{O Mu|tip|e names
`* AMR (Ana'°9 Mum‘
`
`Touch/Matrix Resistive)
`
`4 MARS (Multi-Touch
`Analog Resistive Sensor)
`4 “Hybrid analog-digita|”
`“° '°"'““""'"“"“"°“
`finsersonthesame
`
`+ Can’t touch with two
`
`for consumer product
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`ii|I|IHI|I|IiIi
`iI|I|IiI|I|IiI|
`|I|IlIiI|I|IHI|
`|IIIIIiIlIiIiI|
`
`Source: The Author
`
`
`
`Analog Multi-Touch Resistive...2
`
`Our Mn :95 6}fi).§0
`Vim" An-1. [£79.50]
`‘
`‘:93.
`mm» t\n'a477_(y1!_Dif
`I
`i esmsa
`u a I
`\ Product
`
`2-
`5.5Na
`fifi
`.59
`
`
`
`ga AcheArea2w.1m).5o
`
`IIlIIIIIlI—Imz2nl—llIIl—:aI
`IlllIllll—l——l—lllllaII I
`,,
`Illlllllll—l——l—llllatlli _
`21-5 an-3'09
`IIIIIIlll—l——I—Il:al—lI N
`multmouch
`|IIllIllll—l——l—!zlll—ll|
`_
`_
`Illllllll—l——lzullll—ll ,,
`resistive by
`EIIIIIIII-IIIEIIIIIIIIE :eTurboTouch
`
`.E======lE£=E%=Ell===%=%'{
`IlIIlIll—nK—I—lIlIl—lIi
`«lIIlIlllllaI——l—lllIl—ll«
`IlIlllIlzzl——I—lIIIl—lI
`mu-I-I,uaI—I——-—l--II—IIa
`IIlII:nll—l——l—llIll—ln
`1lllaIllll—l——l—lllll—Il1
`IpiIlllll—l——I—lllIl—lI
`Jggggnglglgggzgzlgglglgnggm
`
`23 X 17 fines
`
`= 17 mm x
`
`16 mm Squares
`(90 ms)
`P
`
`23” = 35 x 22 lines
`
`15 mm x 13 mm
`
`(114 pins)
`
`inte|'
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Analog Multi-Touch Resistive...3
`
`0? Gateway ZX691O Ai0 with 23” AMR touchscreen from
`eTurboTouch
`
`+ Example of a failed consumer product with 15x13 mm AMR
`
`o Drawing parallel lines with two closely held fingers
`
`1‘ "‘ ‘ ‘.57
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`229
`
`Source: Photos by Author
`
`
`
`Analog Multi-Touch Resistive...4
`
`~39 Controllers
`
`+ AD Semi & others; some home-grown (e.g., Touch International)
`
`0:0 Suppliers
`4 eTurboTouch, Touch International, Mildex, Mutto, EETI...
`
`oz» Advantages
`+ Multi-touch (but without two touches on the same square)
`+ Simple & familiar resistive technology
`+ Lower cost than p—cap
`
`oz» Disadvantages
`+ Poor durability (PET top surface)
`+ Poor optical performance
`+ Non-zero touch force
`
`«:0 Applications
`+ Industrial & other commercial
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`Source: Apex
`
`
`
`Digital
`Multi-Touch
`
`Resistive
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Digital Multi-Touch Resistive...1
`
`~:~ Stantum’s product (iVSM)
`
`+ “lnterpolated Voltage-Sensing Matrix”
`
`+ Stantum’s strategy is to license
`controller IP to IC manufacturers,
`
`not to sell touchscreens
`
`“Mechanical contact switch”
`
`+ Aimed at tablets
`
`+ Fine pitch results in a
`much higher number
`of connections than
`
`AMR (400+ on a 10"
`tablet screen)
`
`0 250-290 l/O’s per controller
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`I
`ggggggggggggg
`§§3§§§§§§§§§§:
`
`
`
`Digital Multi-Touch Resistive...2
`
`«to Controllers
`
`+ ST Micro is currently the only one
`
`c Number of touch points is controller-dependent (2-10)
`
`~:« Advantages
`+ Multi-touch
`
`+ Simple & familiar resistive technology
`+ Lower cost than p-cap
`
`«:0 Disadvantages
`4 Poor durability (PET top surface)
`+ Poor optical performance
`+ Non—zero touch force
`
`«:0 Applications
`4 Commercial mobile applications such as education
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Digital Multi-Touch Resistive...3
`
`03° Stantum’s successes (against a BIG P-cap headwind)
`
`+ Co-developed a pen & finger solution with Nissha
`for 5.7 to 12-inch tablets
`
`+ Licensed IP to a US-based semiconductor vendor developing
`a controller optimized for 5.7” to 12" tablets
`
`4 Design win with a tier-1 OEM for a pen & finger A4 e-reader
`targeted at education and note—taking
`
`+ Two 7" tablets for military applications (one by Harris)
`
`+ 10.4” professional lighting-control application (Europe)
`
`4 Signed a licensing agreement with a tier-1 OEM for a mobile
`enterprise tablet
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Digital Multi-Touch Resistive...4
`
`do One of Stantum’s shipping (military) OEM products
`
`31
`“A new 7-inch Android talt that’; so hard-as-nails it would
`
`make a Galaxy Tab go home and call its mother” (Engadget)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`235
`
`ifltel
`
`
`
`Digital Multi-Touch Resistive...5
`
`03° The funny thing is, Stantum’s original products were
`
`the first commercial products to use multi-touch!
`
`+ In 2005, when the company was selling music controllers
`under the name “Jazz Mutant”
`
`Source: Jazz Mutant
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Acoustic Touch Technologies
`
`02° Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW)
`
`03* Acoustic Pulse Recognition (APR by Elo)
`
`03° Dispersive Signal Technology (DST by 3M)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Surface
`
`Acoustic
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...1
`
`Glass substrate
`
`Y- axis transmitting transducer
`
`Y- axis receiving transducer
`
`axis receiving
`transducer
`
`X- axis transmitting
`transducer
`
`Edge of Active Area
`
`Array of reflectors (45°)
`
`S°“'°°‘ "’T°“°"
`
`Rayleigh wave
`
`Source: Onetouch
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...2
`
`Amplitude
`
`Touch Effect
`
`Response
`
`to cislance
`
`Source: Elo Touch Solutions
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...3
`
`°:~ How two touches are supported by SAW
`
`lh
`us!
`yam
`‘K
`in
`originating
`transducer and lumhating
`at Y receive tmmucu
`
`Touch
`
`Xlvzousllc Pam -4
`SenslngTouch
`
`Y Transmit
`
`'
`
`,_j
`x & Y reflectors
`
`Source: US Patent A lication
`2o1o,o1179§§
`
`Diagonal reflectors
`\
`-
`-
`for ‘ third axis” data
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`241
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...4
`
`oz» Both Elo Touch Solutions and General Touch (China)
`are emphasizing zero-bezel and two-touch SAW
`
`+ This makes sense because SAW and Win7/8 will be important
`in commercial applications for at least the next five years
`
`+ Both companies put the piezos and reflectors on the back of the
`glass to achieve zero-bezel
`
`+ For two-touch zero-bezel, Elo uses a single set of multiplexed
`reflectors on the back of the glass (see US7629969) instead of the
`two sets of reflectors used on top of the glass for two-touch normal
`bezel
`
`Touch SU!f6Ce
`
`Surface wave
`
`Shaped edge for
`
`surface-wave flow
`
`T'“"5""C9'/ 5°"°""‘”°“'
`
`Reflectors
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...5
`
`03° Elo Touch Solutions’ zero-bezel SAW
`_.L._
`
`-Q:-'
`.
`. 3';
`' v
`r
`I
`: ,:-'.*»‘:-:~ Yet
`-
`‘
`I
`- .
`‘
`
`'
`‘
`I '59
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`Source: Photos by Author
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...6
`
`«:0 Size range
`
`+ 6" to 52” (but some integrators won't use it above 32”)
`
`oz» Advantages
`+ Clear substrate (high optical performance)
`+ Finger, gloved hand & soft-stylus activation
`+ Very durable; can be vandal-proofed with tempered or CS glass
`
`«:0 Disadvantages
`+ Very sensitive to any surface contamination, including water
`+ Relatively high activation force (50-80g typical)
`4 Requires “soft” (sound-absorbing) touch object
`+ Can be challenging to seal
`
`«:0 Applications
`4 Kiosks
`
`+ Gaming
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Surface Acoustic Wave...7
`
`«to Suppliers
`
`+ Elo Touch Solutions and General Touch have >90% share
`
`+ <10 suppliers
`
`«:0 Market trends
`
`+ Two-touch and zero-bezel SAW should help reduce loss of
`share to p-cap in commercial applications
`
`o SAW will continue to grow moderately through 2017
`
`4 Chinese suppliers other than General Touch have significant
`difficulty competing due to distribution and brand limitations
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Acoustic
`
`Pulse
`
`Recognition
`(APR)
`
`‘
`
`Source: Elo Touchsystems
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Acoustic Pulse Recognition...1
`
`Pure glass oveday
`
`02° Plain glass sensor with
`4 piezos on the edges
`
`4° Table look-up of bending
`wave samples (“acoustic
`touch signatures”)
`
`Source: Elo Touch Solutions
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`in/teD
`
`
`
`Acoustic Pulse Recognition...2
`
`»:~ Variations
`
`4 “Stationary APR” from 10” to 52" with controller board
`4 “Mobile APR” from 2.8” to 10" with controller ASIC
`
`«to Advantages
`4 Works with finger, stylus or any other touch object
`4 Very durable & transparent touch sensor
`4 Very simple sensor (plain glass + 4 piezoelectric transducers)
`4 Resistant to surface contamination; works with scratches
`
`4 Totall
`
`flush to surface “Zero-Bezel”
`
`«to Disadvantages
`4 No “touch & hold”; no multi-touch
`4 Requires enough touch-object velocity (a tap) to generate waves
`4 Control of mounting method in bezel is critical
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Acoustic Pulse Recognition...3
`
`oz» Outlook: Not good!
`
`+ |t’s not available as a component (touchscreen) because
`it requires unique calibration and specialized integration
`
`4 Unsuitable for applications that use the Windows Ul because
`of the lack of touch-and-hold
`
`0 Unsuitable for public-access applications because
`of the need to tap (everyone today expects p-cap’s light touch)
`
`+ Unsuitable for consumer electronics applications because
`of the lack of multi-touch
`
`+ Elo Touch Solutions (sole-source!) withdrew APR from digital
`signage applications because of poor performance (they’re using
`Lumio’s camera-based optical instead)
`
`+ What’s left? POS terminals!
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Acoustic Pulse Recognition...4
`
`~:~ APR and Sensitive Object
`
`+ Elo Touch Solutions (then part of Tyco Electronics) purchased
`Sensitive Object (“S.O.”) in January, 2010 for $62M
`
`+ Sensitive Object’s technology (“ReverSys”) is so similar to APR
`that the two companies cross-licensed in July, 2007
`
`In the 3.5 years since
`
`Elo purchased S. 0.,
`there have been zero
`
`new products that can
`be attributed to the
`
`acquisition
`
`Source: Sensitive Object
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Dispersive
`Signal
`Technology
`(DST)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Dispersive Signal Technology...1
`
`Shielded silver
`
`trace to piezo
`
`03° Plain glass sensor
`with 4 piezos in
`the corners
`
`03° Rea|—time analysis
`of bending waves
`in the glass (“time
`of flight” calculation)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Dispersive Signal Technology...2
`
`oz» Visualization of the effect of bending waves
`on a rigid substrate
`
`Initial 1-Ouch Contact
`
`PI-ogressing Dispersion
`with the Beginning of
`Reflection Effects Down
`
`Comphx
`Dispersion Pattern with
`Reflections
`
`P°st'A|g°rithm Pattern
`
`Waveform that would
`be sampled by APR
`
`Waveform resulting from
`processing by DST algorithms
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Dispersive Signal Techno|ogy...3
`
`oz» Size range
`
`32” to 55” (available only on displays sold by 3M-trained integrators)
`
`«:0 Advantages
`4 Works with finger, stylus or any other touch object
`+ Very durable & transparent touch sensor
`+ Very simple sensor (plain glass + 4 piezoelectric transducers)
`+ Operates with static objects or scratches on the touch surface
`+ Fast response; highly repeatable touch accuracy; light touch
`
`«to Disadvantages
`+ No “touch & hold”; no multi-touch
`
`+ Control of mounting method in bezel is critical
`
`«:0 Applications
`+ Interactive digital signage; point-of-information (POI)
`
`oz» Status: 3M has discontinued all new development
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Acoustic Touch Startup: Sentons
`
`03° Sentons
`
`+ “The next generation in high-performance multi-touch interfaces”
`
`+ Afabless analog semiconductor startup
`
`0 Taking a new approach to real-time bending-wave analysis, applying
`the ever-increasing CPU horsepower provided by Moore's Law
`
`0 27" Sentons multi-touch touch-screen can be 30% of p—cap cost,
`
`even lower than camera-based optical
`
`+ Started by five people from Telegent, the analog mobile-TV chip
`startup that flamed out in July 2011
`
`SENTONS
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`255
`
`Source: Sentons Website
`
`
`
`Optical Touch Technologies
`
`0:0 Traditional Infrared (IR)
`
`0:» Waveguide Infrared (DVT by RPO)
`
`0:» Multi-Touch Infrared
`
`~:~ Camera-Based Optical
`
`°:~ Planar Scatter Detection (PSD)
`
`«:0 Vision-Based
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Traditional
`
`Infrared
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...1
`
`Opto—mam'x
`frame Inside bezel
`
`LED: create grid
`of Infrared light
`
`Inside and outside
`edges of infrared
`transparent bezel
`
`“Cross-beam" light paths
`increases resolution and
`
`fault-tolerance in infrared
`
`touchscreens (Elo)
`
`-.:_
`'
`I-_\
`—II
`$\II»1“iI—\IjI$‘iIv$\H1\il
`
`Source: Elo Touch Solutions
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...2
`
`03° Variations
`
`+ Bare PCB vs. enclosed frame; frame width & profile height;
`no glass substrate; enhanced sunlight immunity; force-sensing
`
`«to Size range
`
`0 8" to 150”
`
`02° Controllers
`
`+ Mostly proprietary, except |RTouch (China)
`
`°:~ Advantages
`4 Scalable to very large sizes
`4 Multi-touch capable (only 2 touches, and with some “ghost” points)
`+ Can be activated with any IR-opaque object
`0 High durability, optical performance and sealability
`+ Doesn’t require a substrate
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...3
`
`°:~ Multi-touch in traditional infrared
`
`+ Limited to 2 not-so-good touches
`
`9 “Ghost” points are the problem, and there’s no good solution
`
`Light
`
`beams X2’ X4 ¢
`Y1, Y2 ¢
`
`broken
`
`Real {xzs Y1 .
`
`x4, Y2 0
`
`points
`
`Ghost{x2v Y2 .
`
`points X4, Y1 .
`
`X1
`
`X2
`
`f
`
`X4
`
`4
`
`Source: Drawing by Author
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...4
`
`~:~ Disadvantages
`4 Profile height (IR transceivers project above touch surface)
`4 Bezel must be designed to include IR-transparent window
`4 Sunlight immunity can be a problem in extreme environments
`4 Surface obstruction or hover can cause a false touch
`
`4 Low resolution
`
`4 High cost
`
`03° Applications
`4 Large displays (digital signage)
`4 POS (limited)
`4 Kiosks
`
`«:0 Suppliers
`4 |RTouch Systems, Minato, Nexio, OneTouch, SMK, Neonode...
`
`4 10+ suppliers
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...5
`
`»:~ Mobile Infrared: Neonode
`
`mobile phone implemented
`with traditional IR touch (2009)
`
`+ Same battery life as iPhone
`
`+ Low bezel profile height (~1.7mm)
`
`4 Finger-only
`
`+ No multi-touch
`
`«:0 Neonode couIdn’t
`C0mP/9T9 in the
`cellphone market
`and went bankrupt
`in 2009
`
`“
`
`A
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`Sony e_book
`readers (2010)
`~°'°"'°ei P°W°"“
`‘t
`
`=
`
`'
`
`W
`
`N
`
`5*
`
`Source:
`Neonode 8.
`
`Pen Computing
`
`
`
`Traditional lnfrared...6
`
`oz» Neonode in 2013 has become the largest supplier
`of touchscreens for eReaders!
`
`+ Amazon Kindle and B&N Nook both use Neonode
`
`§ Neonode has strong IP on methods of minimizing border width
`and profile height
`a They’re also in transition from traditional infrared architecture
`to multi-touch infrared architecture
`
`4 Neonode has announced design wins in e-readers, smartphones,
`tablets, toys, printers, gaming consoles, in-flight infotainment
`
`systems, and automotive consoles
`o How much of it is real beyond e—readers is unclear
`
`+ Neonode doesn’t supply any actual hardware, just licenses
`
`and engineering implementation consulting services
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Waveguide
`Infrared
`
`Source: RPO
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Waveguide lnfrared...1
`
`~:~ Objective
`
`+ Reduce IR touchscreen cost by replacing multiple IR-emitters with a
`single LED and using optical waveguides to distribute the light and
`to channel it to a line-scan CMOS pixel array
`
`Light Source
`
`Transmit Side
`waVegUide§
`
`LCD D-ISplay
`
`Receive Side
`Waveguides
`
`Traditional
`
`Infrared
`
`T
`
`'
`
`-
`
`M
`
`'
`
`L 1 ’
`
`-I
`
`5
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Waveguide lnfrared...2
`
`RPO’s actual
`
`construction
`
`(3.5” screen)
`
`Line-scan
`optical sensor
`
`_.
`
`T‘
`
`Light path
`
`> Waveguides
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`255
`
`ifltel
`
`Source: Photo by RPO; Annotation by Author
`
`
`
`Waveguide lnfrared...3
`
`«to RPO timeline
`
`+ Announced IR optical-waveguide infrared touch at SID
`
`2007
`
`+ Showed improved performance at SID ....................... .. 2008
`
`4 Showed larger sizes at SID ...................................... .. 2009
`
`4 Appeared in a 13.3” LG Display notebook at SID .......... .. 2010
`
`+ Went into “voluntary administration” (liquidation) in April
`
`2011
`
`+ Sold all assets to an NPE (patent troll) in February ....... .. 2012
`(along with Poa Sana’s assets... it’s a long story!)
`
`'1» Why did it fail?
`+ There wasn’t any particular application for which it was “best”
`
`O Waveguide technology limited touchscreen size to under ~14”
`
`+ RPO bet on one big partner in 2010 who cancelled their project
`abruptly, leaving the company with insufficient $$$ to keep going
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`intel
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch
`
`Infrared
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...1
`
`~:~ A little bit of history on the 2"“-oldest touch technology
`
`+ IR touch first appeared in 1972 (PLATO IV instructional terminal)
`
`+ IR touch was used in HP’s first microcomputer, the HP150, in 1983
`
`+ After 30+ years of stability, it's changed from single-touch to
`(briefly) 2-touch, and now multi-touch!
`
`Source: University of Illinois
`
`Source: VintageComputing.com
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...2
`
`03° “PQ Labs” method
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`I = IR emitter
`
`I = IR receiver
`
`+ 6 to 32
`
`touches
`
`+ 32” to 103”
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...3
`
`03° “Pu|selR” (Image Display Systems) method
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`LEDB
`
`IIIIIII-II-III-I-III.-III.-III
`
`I = IR emitter
`
`I = IR receiver
`
`+2to40
`
`touches
`
`4 5" to 103”
`
`%
`
`LEDB
`
`LEDA
`
`IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII
`
`Source: Author
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`A.a.9T3T...ImhCw.4MUM
`
`~:~ Another possible method... being used?
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...5
`
`»:~ Variations
`
`+ Number of touch points: 2 to 48 (determined by the controller)
`
`0 Architecture: 3 different ways of organizing the IR emitters
`and receivers (so far)
`
`0 PQ Labs is licensing; others may be also
`
`«to Controller
`
`+ Proprietary; generally requires a large amount of processing
`«:0 Advantages
`+ High number of multi-touch points
`+ Object-size recognition
`
`o Controller maintains position & size data for all touching objects
`
`4 Similar advantages to those of traditional infrared
`
`o Works with a finger, stylus or any other IR-opaque touch object
`
`o Scalable to very large sizes (at some cost)
`0 High durability and sealability
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...6
`
`«to Disadvantages
`+ Relatively low resolution (can get stair-stepping in lines)
`
`+ Increased processing load as size and number of touches goes up
`
`+ Different minimum-object-size spec for stationary & moving objects
`
`+ Large objects close to emitters can decrease performance
`
`+ As with any traditional IR system, pre-touch (or “pen-up”) is mostly
`
`a big problem that gets worse as the screen size increases
`
`+ Most can’t meet Win8 Logo due to pre-touch and accuracy
`
`«:0 Applications
`
`+ Multi-player games on large horizontal displays
`
`4 Multi-user interactive digital signage
`
`+ 3D design and interaction; data visualization for business
`
`+ NZCTF interactive “whiteboard” displays due to pre-touch/pen-up
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...7
`
`«to Latest new multi-touch infrared product:
`“Projected Infrared Touch” (PIT) from General Touch
`+ Proprietary design using traditional opto layout (like PQ Labs)
`+ Meets Win8 Logo
`9 Bezel is a |ight—guide/prism (2.5 mm high, 4 mm wide) that
`allows IR emitters & receivers to be located under the cover-glass,
`outside the LCD frame (reduced parallax due to no PCB on top)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`Source: General Touch
`
`
`
`Multi-Touch lnfrared...8
`
`03° Additional PIT features
`
`+ 15” to 42” size range standard; over 42" is custom
`
`0 First sizes to launch in 2Q-2013 are 21.5” & 23" (for AiO)
`
`+ 2-touch for lowest cost; 5-touch for Win8; 10-touch for high-end
`
`0 Only the controller changes
`
`+ Entire surface is touch-active, including the 20 mm (MS) border
`
`0 Active icons can be silk-screened in the border’s black matrix
`
`4 Pre-touch meets the Win8 spec of 0.5 mm
`
`o Exceptionally low for any infrared touchscreen
`
`+ Touch surface can be any material that meets surface flatness spec
`
`o Can be sealed to IP65
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`touch-screen by a visitor to the AETI Exhibition in London on January 24, 2006.
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optical...1
`
`~:~ Win7 = 2 touches; 2 cameras did it (inadequately)
`
`0} Win8 = 5 touches; 6 cameras are required
`
`’ 7wID.flIflMDmU
`
`moan]
`
`< *“ ““'_“ “W, ”' “* “M “"'““’1ft:”’-ii‘-‘€22’-3.5-‘iii?-‘via’-“£42”
`rm‘
`l.-ED .ref|e.c.tIng directly '
`:.
`.
`.°’T"."""T.‘f"'?°‘
`i§'!t9t'1°°_Pti¢a *~*-°ns°ru
`C»
`
`
`77
`
`
`
`LightIntensity
`
`Glass Substrate
`
`Source: Nextwindow
`
`f
`
` Touch spasm
`
`uésuéainaaaisaéaaéo
`Optical Sensor Pixel Position
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Camera-Based 0ptical...2
`
`oz» Two touches with two cameras (Win7 market focus)
`had two main limitations
`
`Cameras
`
`cameras
`
`Ghost touches
`
`S°“'°°"‘""'°'
`
`Occlusions
`
`The quality of the touch experience depended on the sophistication
`of the algorithms that handled ghost touches and occlusions
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK '14
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optical...3
`
`«:0 Another alternative: A mirror creates “virtual cameras”
`
`Wtual
`°afIl°'a
`
`Virtual
`°*'=""e"“
`’
`
`'3 Results
`+ SMART invented it in
`2003 but shelved it
`
`Illumination
`
`U0!19U!UJnl|l
`
`Camera
`
`Illumination
`Source: Lumio
`
`Camera
`
`+ Lumio tried it in 2010 but
`
`found that four real
`
`cameras were better
`
`o Lower cost
`
`0 No mirror alignment
`issues
`
`0 Less sensitivity to
`environment
`
`a Fewer pixels required
`for same resolution
`
`o Less CPU processing
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`intel"
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optical...4
`
`02° Another alternative: Baanto Shadowsense"
`
`90' Fov Sensor
`
`~170' FOV Sensors
`
`+ Baanto’s sensors
`
`aren’t cameras;
`
`they’re PIN
`diodes (photo-
`detectors)
`
`I
`
`Erentitten
`
`+ 940 nm LEDs
`provide back
`illumination
`
`instead of retro-
`
`reflectors
`
`LED Emitters
`
`Source: Baanto
`
`(“FOV” = Field of View)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optica|...5
`
`«to Baanto’s competitive comparison
`
`+ 4 sources of sensor-data work much better than two!
`
`«:0 Suppliers
`
`+ NextWindow (SMART)
`
`4 Lumio
`
`+ |RTouch
`
`+ Xiroku/e|T
`
`4 Baanto
`
`+ LG Displays
`
`+ Qisda
`
`+ Several more in China
`
`Competitor
`
`Source: Baanto
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`intel
`
`
`
`HP TouchSmart all-in-one computer
`
`Camera-Based Optical...6
`
`~:~ Advantages
`* Stylus independence
`
`+ Scalability to large sizes (15” to 120”)
`
`+ Multi-touch (2-5 touches)
`
`+ Object-size recognition
`
`+ Low cost
`
`03° Disadvantages l
`4 Profile height (~3 mm on a 19” screen)
`
`# The “unintended touch” problem
`
`4 Screen rigidity requirement
`
`‘:0 Applications
`+ Consumer touch monitors & AiOs
`
`+ Interactive digital signage, point-of-information, & education
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optical...7
`
`do Optical is able to meet the Win8 touch specifications
`
`4 NextWindow’s newest desktop-component product (15” to 30”)
`uses six CMOS cameras (4 in the corners + 2 on the top edge)
`
`Source: Jennifer Colegrove (Displaysearch) at FineTech 2012
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`234
`
`
`
`Camera-Based Optica|...8
`
`92° The range of form-factors and configurations
`in which optical touch is used is expanding
`
`-
`
`A -e ---'-'----~’-~-
`
`it
`
`H ‘
`"
`nme=o1:oa
`r
`:2
`I “°‘ I
`I start . unaaosear
`
`Instructions
`’.:‘.."‘.':'."..':.‘.'.‘..':".':'
`
`Cameras & lasers
`
`at top of video wall
`
`Source: Photos by Author
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Camera-Based 0ptical...9
`
`03° Outlook
`
`+ Touch on the consumer desktop (in Win7 AiOs) failed to
`take off due to lack of any applications
`a Touch penetration hit 30% in 2010 but dropped to ~10% in 2012
`
`+ Win8 may drive more penetration, but there is still the
`“gorilla arm” usage-model question
`a “Adaptive” AiOs will help address that issue
`
`5 Camera-based optical touch is
`ideal for large-format, but...
`o The interactive digital-signage
`market hasn’t emerged yet
`
`0 Interactive information on large
`screens is still a niche market
`
`o The education market (whiteboards)
`
`has been slow to adopt optical
`because of entrenched resistive
`and electromagnetic technologies
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`235
`
`Den 3722201 (win7) Touch Monitor
`
`intel
`
`
`
`Planar
`
`Scatter
`
`Detection
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Planar Scatter Detection...1
`
`Total Internal
`
`Reflection (TIR)
`
`_
`
`IR Receiver
`
`Substrate (any
`transparent material,
`
`flat or curved)
`
`Scattered Light (FTIR)
`
`Source: FIatFrog
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Planar Scatter Detection...2
`
`oz» Characteristics it shares with p-cap
`
`4 Flush surface (“zero bezel”)
`
`4 Very light touch
`
`4 Multi-touch (40 touches)
`
`4 Windows 8 Logo
`
`0:» Characteristics that are better than p-cap
`
`Source: FlatFrog
`
`4 Plain glass or plastic substrate (0.3 mm) — no ITO
`
`4 Works with glove, stylus or other objects (400 dpi)
`
`4 Pressure-sensitive (10 bits)
`
`4 insensitive to EMI/RFI
`
`4 High scan-rate for larger screens (up to 1 KHz)
`
`4 Lower cost
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Planar Scatter Detection...3
`
`«:0 Size range
`
`+ 32" (with display) at launch in May, 2012
`
`+ Practical size range 15" to 84"
`
`«to Disadvantages
`0 Initial product is a 32" display for $5,500 MSRP (+$190 housing)
`+ Designed for indoor use (no sunlight) without dust or smoke
`a Limited to 30°C ambient due to display
`a Sensitive to contamination on surface
`
`4 Scaling to larger sizes is similar to traditional infrared
`o ~200 IR emitter-receiver pairs required for 32" display; 96 pairs for 22”
`+ F|atFrog is a small company with limited resources
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`
`
`Planar Scatter Detection...4
`
`'”‘”'°"°‘“‘°"s
`4 Realistic today: Gaming, digital
`signage, POI, medical, hospitality,
`+ Future: consumer electronics, education
`
`command & control
`
`IIII
`5'‘
`W
`l - n -
`I I
`
`«to Full disclosure:
`
`Source: FlatFrog
`
`9 Intel has invested in and is doing a joint development project with
`F|atFrog to extend and improve the technology beyond what they
`have already done
`
`o Current focus is on all-in—one PCs (20” to 30”)
`
`+ Supply-chain (availability) will also be improved
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Optical-Touch Startup: RAPT
`
`4° RAPT
`
`+ “Opto-electro-mechanical” (rumored to be similar to FlatFrog)
`
`+ “The most robust mu/ti-touch system on the planet and quite
`different from current solutions in the market”
`
`Multi-touch Robustness
`
`./
`
`Caacitive
`
`Otical
`
`RAPT
`
`Small Screen
`
`Ambient Light Performance
`
`Flush Display
`
`Cost Effectiveness
`
`Large Screen
`
`Glove and Stylus
`
`Curved Surfaces
`
`Source: RAPT Website
`
`\'\'\'\'\'\'\'\
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK '14
`
`
`
`Source: Perceptive Pixel
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Vision-Based...1
`
`«:0 Principle (simplest version)
`
`Total lntemal
`
`Reflection (TIR)
`
`Baffle Diffuser
`
`Frustrated Total
`
`projector
`
`lntemal Reflection
`(FTIR)
`
`Video Camera
`
`Source: Perceptive Pixel
`
`Multiple touch points;
`Image taken without a diffuser
`(Source: Perceptive Pixel)
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘14
`
`294
`
`intel
`
`
`
`Vision-Based...2
`
`Microsoft
`Surface
`(VLZOO7)
`
`“Surface computing is about integrating the physical and
`virtual worlds through the use of vision-based touch”
`I i’
`I
`T-
`g
`sourw:
`
`Projector
`resolution
`
`1 024x768
`
`resolution
`
`1280x960
`
`2 - IR LED light source
`3 — Four IR cameras
`
`4 — DLP projector
`5 -
`desktop
`
`Source: Popular Mechanics
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Vision-Based...3
`
`oz» Samsung SUR40 with Microsoft Surface (v2.0, 2012)
`4“-IE5--—\—
`
`on surface
`
`Source: Microsoft
`
`Source: TechCrunch.com
`
`SID DISPLAY WEEK ‘l4
`
`
`
`Vision-Based...4
`
`oz» Samsung SUR40
`
`+ 40” full-HD (1920x1080) Samsung LCD (55 ppi)
`
`o 4” thickness includes 2.9 GHz PC with embedded 64-bit Win-7
`
`4 Coming Gorilla Glass bonded to LCD
`
`0 Display still has some bezel height (not a flush surface)
`
`§ In-cell touch: 8 display pixels per aSiGe IR light sensor (8 ppi)
`
`o By far the most sophisticated in-cell light-sensing so far
`
`o IR light source is added to the backlight
`
`o aSiGe sensor is 15X more sensitive than aSi, but that means the
`
`touch-screen is 15X more sensitive to
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