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`DROPBOX EX. 1039
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`DROPBOX EX. 1039
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`THE ULTIMATE COMPUTER REFERENCE
`
`.
`Mucrosofl'
`Mndom N l '
`Windows‘ga
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`6
`
`CD-ROM
`
`—Mi-::rosol '
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`'
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`Rfifigi
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`Over
`8 000
`,
`Entries
`with onllne updates
`avallablo quarterly
`
`M'Crosoft‘“
`
`. mputer'
`
`- Detailed illustrations and diagrams for easy reference
`
`;
`
`- Three new appendixes, file extensions,
`and Internet domains
`
`- Searchable text on CD-ROM
`
`- Extensive coverage of hardware, software, the
`Internet, and more!
`
`

`

`PUBLISHED BY
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1999 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
`or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Computer Dictionary. —— 4th ed.
`p. cm.
`
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`mder title: Microsoft Press computer
`
`2. Microcomputers Dictionaries.
`1. Computers Dictionaries.
`1. Microsoft Press computer dictionary.
`QA76.15.M538
`1999
`
`004'.03-~dc21
`
`99-20168
`CIP
`
`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
`
`3456789 MLML 43210
`
`Distributed in Canada by Penguin Books Canada Limited.
`
`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
`
`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further information
`about international editions, contact your local Microsoft Corporation office or contact Microsoft Press
`International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web site at impress.tn'tcrosnft.corn.
`
`Macintosh, POWCI‘ Macintosh, Quick’l‘ime, and TrueType fonts are registered trademarks of Apple Computer.
`Inc. Kodak is a registered trademark of the Eastman Kodak Company. Intel is a registered trademark and Indeo
`is a trademark of Intel Corporation. Active Desktop, Active Directory. ActiveMovie. Active Platform. ActiveX.
`Authenticode. BackOft‘icc, DircCtlnput, DirectX. Microsoft, Microsoft Press. MS-DOS. MSN. NetMeeling.
`NetShow. Visual Basic. Visual C++, Visual J++, Web'l'V. WebTV Network, Win32. WinBEs. Windows.
`Windows NT, and XENIX are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
`United States and/or other countries. PANTONE is a registered trademark of Pantone, Inc. Other product and
`company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
`
`The example companies. organizations. products. people. and events depicted herein are fictitious. No associa
`tion with any real company. organization, product, person. or event is intended or should be inferred.
`
`}
`l
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`Acquisitions Edltor: Christey Bahn
`Project Editor: Kim Fryer
`
`Dropbox Ex. 1039
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`Name, Address. City, State. Zip~Code, Hire-
`First
`Cumgnt-Saltu'y. TlllC. Department, and so on.
`Data.-
`dual fields are characterized by their maximum
`lndl‘"
`[h and the type of data (for example, alphabetic.
`lenieric' or financial) that can be placed in them. The
`Elam), for creating these specifications usually is con-
`wmcd in the data definition language (DDL). In rela-
`Iignnl database management systems, fields are called
`columns. 2. A space in an can-screen form where the
`user can enter a specific item of information.
`field-effect transistor n. See FET.
`field.programmable logic array It. An integrated
`circuit containing an array of logic circuits in which
`the connections between the individual circuits. and
`mus the logic functions of the array, can be pro—
`grammed after manufacture. typically at the time of
`installation in the field. Programming can be per-
`formed only once, typically by passing high current
`through fusible links on the chip. Acronym: FPLA.
`Also called PLA. programmable logic array.
`
`field separator n. Any character that separates one
`field of data from another. See also delimiter, field
`(definition I).
`FIFO \tl’f0\ It. See first in. first out.
`
`fifth-generation computer n. See computer.
`fifth normal form n. Abbreviated SNF. Sec normal
`form (definition 1).
`
`file It. A complete, named collection of information,
`such as a program, a set of data used by a program, or a
`user-created document. A file is the basic unit of storage
`that enables a computer to distinguish one set of infor-
`mation from another. A file is the "glue" that binds a
`conglomeration of instructions, numbers, words, or
`images into a coherent unit that a user can retrieve,
`change, delete, save, or send to an output device.
`tile allocation table It. A table or list maintained by
`some operating systems to manage disk space used
`for file storage. Files on a disk are stored, as space
`allows, in fixed-size groups of bytes (characters)
`rather than from beginning to end as contiguous
`strings of text or numbers. A single file can thus be
`scattered in pieces over many separate storage areas.
`A file allocation table maps available disk storage
`space so that it can mark flawed segments that should
`not be used and can find and link the pieces of a tile.
`in MS-DOS, the file allocation table is commonly
`known as the FAT. See also FAT file system.
`
`file attribute n. A restrictive label attached to a file
`that describes and regulates its use—for example.
`hidden, system, read-only, archive, and so forth. In
`MS-DOS, this information is stored as part of the
`file’s directory entry.
`
`file backup it. See backup.
`
`file compression n. The precess of reducing the size
`of a file for transmission or storage. See also data
`compression.
`file control block n. A small block of memory tempo—
`rarily assigned by a computer’s operating system to
`hold information about an opened file. A file control
`block typically contains such information as the file’s
`identification, its location on disk, and a pointer that
`marks the user's current (or last) position in the file.
`Acronym: FCB.
`
`file conversion n. The process of transforming the
`data in a file from one format to another without al—
`
`tering the data—for example, converting a file from
`a word processor’s format to its ASCII equivalent. In
`some cases, information about the data, such as for-
`matting, may be lost. Another, more detailed, type
`of file conversion involves changing character cod-
`ing from one standard to another, as in converting
`EBCDIC characters (which are used primarily with
`mainframe computers) to ASCII characters. See also
`ASCH, EBCDIC.
`
`file extension n. See extension (definition 1).
`file extent n. See extent.
`
`file format n. The structure of a file that defines the
`
`way it is stored and laid out on the screen or in print.
`The format can be fairly simple and common, as are
`files stored as “plain” ASCII text, or it can be quite
`complex and include various types of control instruc-
`tions and codes used by programs, printers, and other
`devices. Examples include RTF (Rich Text Format),
`DCA (Document Content Architecture), PICT, DIF
`(Data Interchange Format), DXF, TIFF (Tagged [in-
`age File Format), and EPSF (Encapsulated PostScript
`Format).
`
`file fragmentation n. 1. The breaking apart of files as
`they are stored by the operating system into small,
`separate segments on disk. The condition is a natural
`consequence of enlarging files and saving them on a
`crowded disk that no longer contains contiguous
`blocks of free space large enough to hold them. File
`fragmentation is not an integrity problem, although it
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`Jame,
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`183
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`Dropbox Ex. 1039
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