`
`medical systems
`
`ONCOLOGY
`SYSTEMS
`
`600C & 600CID
`
`| Equipment5pec.ificatj0ns
`
`Page 1 of 8
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`Elekta Exhibit 1033
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`I'\)
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`CL|NAC®600C&600ClD
`
`
`
`AdvancedTleatmem‘Delivery
`
`Introduction
`This specification sheet provides information for the Clinac
`600C and 600C/D Clinac linear accelerators.
`
`1 .0 Photon Beams
`
`1.1 Energy: One (1) photon beam, with a
`nomina]energyof4MVor6MV, isprovided
`in accordance with the specificatiom listed
`below and in Table 1.
`
`1.2 Dose Rate can be selected in fixed steps and
`ranges per the specifications listed in Table 1,
`depending on energy selected.
`
`1.3 Maximum Field Intensity at Dmax: The
`intensity at the depth of maximum buildup
`(Dam) will not exceed 109% ofcentral axis
`intersity anywhere in the measurement plane
`of any field size.
`
`1.4 Leakage: The X-ray absorbed dose shall not
`exceed 0.1% ofthe absorbed dose at the
`
`isocenter measured anywhere in the patient
`plane outside of the maximum useful beam.
`
`The patient plane is defined as a circular plane
`with a radius of 2 meters, centered on and
`perpendicular to the axis of the beam at
`isocenter. The X—ray memuremenls may be
`averaged over an area not to exceed 100 cm2.
`In all other directions, the X—ray absorbed dose
`at 1 meter from the path ofthe electrons
`between the electron gun and the target or
`electron window shall not exceed 0.1% of the
`absorbed dose at isocenter.
`
`1.5 Collimator Transmisioni The uammision of
`the movable collimators does not exceed 0.5%.
`
`1.6 Spotsizei Thespotsizeislthanzmmin
`diameter at the X-ray target.
`1.7 Penumbra: The distance between the 20%
`and 80% isodose lines for a 10 x 10 cm2
`
`field at a depth of 10 cm and at 100 cm
`TSDshallbelessthanorequalto9mm
`along the major axes.
`
`1.8 Field Size: The field size is continuously
`variable from 0.5 x 0.5 cm to 40 x 40 cm at
`
`100 cm TSD. Field sizes larger than 35 x 35
`cm are limited to a 49.5 cm
`(the
`diameter of the circle defined by the primary
`collimator at 100 cm TSD). The field size '5
`defined as the distance along the radial and
`transverse axes between the points of 50%
`density on an X-ray film taken at 100 cm TSD
`with minimum buildup.
`
`1.9 lndependent Collimators Positioning
`(Optional): Each of the upper and lower
`collirnators may be independently positioned.
`Upper collirnators are capable of 10 cm travel
`past nominal beam centerline, and lower
`collirnators are capable of 2 cm travel over
`centerline. as projected at 100 cm TSD.
`1.10 Enhanced Dynamic Wedge (Optional):
`Wedged fieltk may be generated by moving
`one of the upper collirnators while dose is
`delivered. Dynamic wedge field is 4 cm to sizes
`ranging from 30 cm in the wedge direction and
`.5 cm to 40 cm in the non—wedge direction.
`
`Table 1: Nominal X-Ray Energies (MV) for Clinac 600C
`
`Dm“
`(cm)
`
`1.2 1 0.2
`1.6 1 0.2
`
`% Depth
`Dose
`@ 10 cm
`
`63 11.5
`67 11.5
`
`Dose
`Rate3
`
`Flatnessl
`
`Symmetryz
`
`(MUIMin)
`
`1 3%
`1 3%
`
`1.5%
`1.5%
`
`50-250
`80-400
`
`1 Flatness is defined as the maximum variation about the
`mean value of X—ray intensity over the central 80% of
`the radial and transversal axes. measured at a depth of
`10 cm in a tissue equivalent phantom at aTSD of 100
`cm. This specification applies to all square field sizes
`from 10 x 10 cm2 to 40 x 40 cm2. This mean value of
`intensity is the average of the maximum and minimum
`values over the central 80% of the radial and
`transverse axes.
`
`2 Symmetry is defined as the maximum difierence
`between the dose delivered to any two points which
`are equidistant and symmetrical about the central axis
`and within 80% of the radial and transverse axes This
`
`specification applies to all square field sizes from 10 x
`10 cm2 to 40 x 40 cm2.
`
`3 The clinical facility is responsible for calibrating monitor
`units (MU) to rads or centiGrays.The dose rate is
`variable in five (5) fixed steps. (5) six for C/D systems. as
`measured at the depth of maximum buildup.
`
`Page 2 of 8
`
`
`
`Clinac 6000 Dimensions
`
`
`
`2.0 Photon Arc Mode
`
`2.1 The Clinac 600C is capable of delivering
`0.3 MU to 20 MU per degree over a preset
`gantry rotation of up to 360° or any fraction
`thereof. MU per degree (IWU/DC) is
`automatically computed based on the preset
`total dose and the preset arc segment.
`2.1.1
`
`Precision: During arc treatment, the
`position of the gantry deviates no more
`than 0.7 degrees from the desired
`instantaneous gantry angle, and the
`dose deviates no more than 0.20 MU
`from the desired instantaneous total
`
`dose, as specified by the user-preset total
`dose and arc segment. If these
`tolerances are exceeded, the dose
`delivery is suspended and the gantry
`position is targeted to the position
`dictated by the actual dose delivered.
`When the gantry is again within 0.7
`degrees of the desired position, the
`treatment will rsume. The Dose
`
`Position (DPSN) interlock is asserted if
`the gantry is not positioned within 0.7
`cm of the desired position within 3
`seconds. The DPSN interlock will
`terminate the beam immediately if the
`position deviates 3.0 degrees or more
`from the desired position, or the dose
`delivered exceeds 0.3 MU (0.45 MU for
`CD) from the desired dose.
`Arc Dose Rate: The dose rate
`during a dynamic arc treatment is
`automatically modulated between zero
`and the maximum dose rate selected
`
`in Physics Mode.
`
`2.1.2
`
`2.1.3 Arc Direction: The Clinac 600C may
`be programmed to perform arc
`therapy in either a clockwise or
`counterclockwise direction.
`
`3.0 Dosimetry System
`The following specifications apply for both
`independent dosimetry channels:
`3.1
`
`Precision: Reproducibility of the dosimetry
`measurement system for each energy is 11%, or
`1 MU, whichever is greater, at a fixed dose rate.
`
`3.2
`
`3.3
`
`3.4
`
`3.5
`
`3.6
`
`Linearity: The linearity shall be :1%, or
`1 MU, whichever is greater, for accumulated
`doses between 10 MU to 999 MU.
`
`Reproducibility with Gantry Position: The
`reproducibility of the dosimetry system is $296
`or 1 MU, whichever is greater at any fixed
`gantry angle from 0 to 360 .
`Dose Rate Dependence: The reproducibility of
`the dosimetry system with variations in the
`dose rate from minimum to maximum is $296
`
`or 1 MU. whichever is greater.
`Energy: The dosimetry system will monitor the
`beam enery and will terminate irradiation
`should an energy change exceeding 1 3% of the
`nominal value occur.
`
`Beam-Off lnterlocks: The radiation beam will
`automatically terminate in the event of any of
`the following:
`
`0 Monitor Units 1 complete
`
`' Monitor Units 2 complete (backup)
`° Treatment time complete (backup)
`0 Radial symmetry not within 2%
`
`0 Transverse symmetry not within 2%
`
`Page 3 of 8
`
`
`
`
`
`Accuracy:
`0 < 0.1 cm radius sphere for units
`without Beam Stoppers
`0 < 0.2 cm radius sphere for units with
`optional Beam Stopper
`Target to Surface Distance Indicators:
`0 Optical Range Finder:
`Range: 70-156 cm
`Accuracy: 10.1 cmat 100cmTSD
`Resolution: 0.5 cm
`° Mechanical Front Pointer:
`
`The field size range: 0.5 x 0.5 cm to 40
`x 40 cm at 100 cmTSD
`Controls: Local and remote
`Readouts:
`
`Type: Digital
`Location: local and remote
`
`Accuracy: 10.1 cm
`Resolution: 0.1 cm
`
`4.3.2
`4.3.3
`
`Range:90-110cm
`Accumcy::0.1cmat100cmTSD
`
`Clinac 600C Schematic of Accelerator and
`
`Collimator Subsystems
`
`Page 4 of 8
`
`0 Exc dose rate
`
`0 Excm dose per pulse
`° Exc dose per degree
`0 Loss of ion chamber voltage
`
`4.0 Mechanical Features
`
`4.1 Gantry:
`4.1.1
`4.1.2
`
`Rotation: $180’ from the vertical
`Controls: Local and remote
`
`4.1.3
`
`Readouts:
`
`Type: Digital and mechanical
`location: Local and remote
`
`Accuracy: Digital: 1 0.5°
`Mechanical: 11.0’
`
`Resolution: Digital 0.1"
`Mechanical: 1.0°
`
`4.1.4
`
`4.1.5
`
`Target Axis Distance: 100 1 0.2 cm
`Nlechanical and Radiation lsocenter
`
`4.1.6
`
`CLlNAC®600C&600C/DAdvanced
`
`
`YreatznentDelivery
`
`Resolution: 0.2 cm 1 1.0 mm
`
`4.1.7
`
`lsocenter Height:
`- Standard:
`
`128 cm (50.5") nominal, 4 MV
`133 cm (52.5") nominal, 6 MV
`° Optional:
`128 cm (50.5") nominal, 6 MV
`
`4.2
`
`Collimator:
`4.2.1
`4.2.2
`
`Rotation: : 95° about mid position
`Controls: Local and remote
`
`4.2.3
`
`Readouts:
`
`Type: Digital and mechanical
`Location: local and remote
`
`Accuracy: 1 0.5’
`Mechanical: :1.0°
`
`Resolution: Digital 0.1"
`Mechanical: 1.0’
`
`4.2.4
`
`Mechanical lsocenter Accuracy: $0.1
`cm radius circle
`
`4.2.5
`
`Bottom of Wedge Moimt to lsocenter
`Distance: 43 cm minimum
`Field Size Collimaflon:
`4.3.1
`
`4.3
`
`
`
`Exact‘ Couch Motions
`
`
`
`3.8
`035
`2815 I110
`
`145.3
`
`5.4
`
`coucu
`Posn1ouLurrs
`TRAVE.
`
`mmusrsn
`on
`(men)
`can
`(men)
`LINIGITIIJINAI.
`n—h
`b—Qn
`(nil atdon)
`2549
`0-0:!
`101.3
`(uilout adensiwi)
`180.7
`
`827
`225.0
`15'
`
`
`
`
`
`4.3.4 Independent Modes (Optional):
`When placed in the independent
`mode, it digitally displays collimator
`position with respect to central axis
`(negative sign indicates overoentral
`travel). The collimatols automatically
`re-enter upon returning to the
`symmetric mode and selecting field X
`or field Y.
`
`
`
`' Upper Independent Collimatols
`Range: -10.0 cm to +Z0.0 cm
`
`' Lower Independent Collimatols
`Range: -2.0 cm to +20.0 cm
`Note: The same specifications detailed above
`apply to the independent modes
`4.3.5 Light and X-Ray Field Coincidence:
`The field-defining light coincides to
`within 0_2 cm of the 50% jsodensity
`line on an )(.my film taken with
`minimum buildup for any field size at
`100 cm TSD.
`4.4 Exact Couch with Indexed Immobilization"
`
`4.4.1 The Exact Couch is standard with the
`Clinac 6000- SP°°ifi°3fi°m and
`standard vs. optional accessories for the
`Exact Treatment Couch are provided on
`informa.cattiiz:on upgIadin'lgoinstallred
`couches to use Indaed Inunobflimfiom
`please contact your sales representative.
`
`5.0
`
`and
`5.1 Standaid: The following are included with the
`Clinac 60°C:
`
`5.1.1 Accessory mount for mounting block
`trays
`512 Block trays
`
`Page 5 of 8
`
`5-1-4
`
`TWO (2) 593 0f lead 5h3d°W bl°Ck5o 5“?
`(5) b10915 P91’ Set
`15.» 30. and 45. W°d8°5 that P"°Vid° 3
`20 cm (in the wedged direction) x 40
`cm ueannent field at 100 cm TSD. 60'
`wedge provides a 15 cm treatment in
`the Wedge di1‘3Cfi°"-
`5.1.5 Mechanical front pointer (70-100 cm)
`5.1.6 Span: parts kit
`
`5.1.7 One pair of Universal Accry Clamps
`5.1.8 One Posterior Support Side Rail Panel
`racket type)
`5.1.9 One Posterior Support Centerline Panel
`racket type)
`5.1.10 l—beam sub-base support for floor
`installation of cum“: 60°C per
`lrntallation Data Package
`5.1.11 fiOfl supervision I'lOt
`"88m8- 8'°"t1"8 the lmefmme “*0 the
`floor, attaching utilities to the machine
`or construction of the therapy room or
`conduit
`
`5.1.12 Two sets of operator, system and
`schematic manuals
`
`
`
`5.2.11 C-Series lnterfacem (C551) A computer
`interface allowing import and export of
`3 selected set Of: machine Pammetem
`between the Clmac 600C and external
`record and verification systems
`5-2-12 Enhanced DYn3n"iC wedge"
`5.2.13 Auto Field Sequencing
`for new
`an and
`,, T
`me edge of the
`slu5upto35x35cInshallnotexneed0.l%.WIthlatgetflelds,
`Imkagovaafllmtedleglonbeyotxifliedlagormlsctanemeeddilsvaltne
`toa maximum ofapproxtmately 0.3% fora 40 x 40cm field.
`
`6.0 Typical Facility Requirements
`6-1 C511“ 60°C 60°C/D E1°°‘“"*' R°q“i"““°"'-5
`6.1.1
`Input Voltage Typical US: 200-240
`VAC, 60 Hz, lineto-line, 3-phase, 4-
`wire plus ground, 15 KVA load, line
`voltage regulation 1 5%
`6.1.2 Input Voltage Typical International:
`360-440, 50 Hz or 60 Hz, line-to-line,
`3-phase, 4-wire plus ground, 15 KVA
`load, line voltage regulation 1 5%
`6.1.3 Cooling Water Requirements: The
`cooling water requirements can be
`satisfied with a one—pms system
`(domestic supply and waste netum) or a
`closed loop system.
`
`6.1.4 Ventilation Requirements: Suflicient to
`remove from 7 kW from treatinent
`room and 1 kW from control oomole
`6.1.5 Machine installation does not include
`rigging, grouting the baseframe into the
`floor, conduit runs, attaching utilities to
`the machine or construction of therapy
`room.
`
`6.1.6 For typical facilities requirements, refer
`to the lnstallation Data Package.
`
`Dynamic Therapy
`Specifications for the
`Clmac GOOCID
`-Lo photon Beams
`The Clinac 600C/D oifers a high dose rate
`capability of 100-600 MU at 6MV and 80-400 MU
`at 4W-
`
`2.0 Enhanced Dynamic Wedge Mode‘
`2.1 Enhanced Dynamic Wedge
`Mode oifels
`bot:h preckion jaw collimator movement and
`dose rate control to create wedge-shaped dose
`distributions, ‘The;-apkts save tjrne vvith
`especially when used with optional Auto Field
`Sequencing’ by a"°idi"3 the need f°" "°°m
`reentry to add or remove wedges. EDW of
`10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 degrees are
`
`5.1.13 Two tuitions to Varian operator and
`maintenance schools
`5.1.14 Planning and Coordination
`Department; Drawing and review
`support
`5.1.15 Refer to Collimator Acries
`Specification (RAD 2040) for details
`5.2 Optional: The following features are available 3
`°pfi::jswiththeC1it'_‘ac6o0Candwfllbe
`quo
`uponmques.
`5_2_l Laser Alignment Systems
`
`Clinac 600C Typical Room Plan View
`
`522 hmBackpOmr
`5.2.3 Retractable Beam Stopper*
`5-2-4
`P"°°°d“n5 M°de
`° Total Body Irradiation
`5.2.5 Hand Grips (pair)
`5.2.6 Arm Support
`5.2.7
`IEC Scale Conventions
`
`5.2.8 In-Room High-Resolution Color
`Display M°"it°r
`Independent Collimatols
`0 Upper
`0 Upper and Lower
`5.2.10 Record and Verification System
`
`Page 6 of 8
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`
`AdvancedTreatmentDelivery
`
`9 U o :
`
`2
`no
`
`05
`
`U o c
`
`:
`to
`
`E:
`
`< Z _
`
`| 0
`
`
`
` Table 2: Nominal X-Ray Energies (MV) for Clinac 600CID
`
`(cm)
`
`Flatnessz
`
`Symmetry3
`
`63 1 1.0
`67 1 1.0
`
`1 3%
`1 2.5% or 1 3.0%
`
`
`
`80-400
`100-600
`
`1.5%
`1.5%
`
`
`1 Depth of ionization applies to a 10 x 10 cm2 field at
`'|(X) cm TSD. If measurements are made to the "effective
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`measurement point" per AAPM TG-51 protocol. deduct
`0.6% from the stated depth dose values
`
`2 Flatness is defined as the maximum variation from the
`mean dose delivered within the central 80% Full Width
`
`Half Max (FWHM) region measured at 100 cm TSD
`at a depth of 10 cm. The mean is the average of the
`maximum and minimum points within the oentral 80%
`FWHM region. For the Cl'nac 600C/D 4M\/. the
`specification of 13.0% applies to both the radial and
`transverse axes of all square field sizes from 10 x 10 cm
`to 40 x 40 cm2, inclusive. For the Clinac 600C/D 6M\/,
`the specification of 12.5% applies to both the radial and
`transverse axes of all square field sizes from 20 x 20 cm
`to 40 x 40 cm2, incIusive.The specification of 13.0%
`applies to both the radial and transverse axes of all
`square field sizes from 10 x 10 cm2 to 20 x 20 cm2.
`
`
`
`
`3 Symmetry is defined as the maximum difference
`between the X-ray dose delivered to any two points
`which are equidistant and symmetrical about the central
`axis and within the 80% FWHM region measured at
`1(1) cm TSD at a depth of 10 cm. This specification
`applies to the radial and transverse axes of all square
`field sizes from 10 x 10 cm2 to 40 x 40 cm2.
`
`4 Dose rate for the Clinac 600C/D 4MV has five fixed
`steps of 80 MU/minute from 80 to 400 MU/minute.
`The 6(XlC/D 6MV has six fixed steps of ND MU/minute
`from 100 to 600 MU/minute. An "MU" is nominally one
`centiGray delivered to a tissue-equivalent material at
`Dmax and 1(1) cm SSD,with a 10 x10 cmz field size.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`included, with up to 30 cm (wedge direction)
`by 40 cm field sizes, using the Y jaw to create
`the wedge angle.
`
` 4.4 Exposure time setting is 3 digits, 0.1 to
`99.9 min.
`
`4.5 Integrator reproducibility '3 according to
`standard machine specifications.
`
`Remote Diagnostics
`Connects the Clinac 600, 600C/D with Customer
`Support for expert assistance and provides on-line
`remote analysis by Varian Customer Support
`organization. Diagnostic and Nlorning Checkout
`[.05 can be viewed and transferred for report
`generation and for identifying fiends.
`
`Couch Accessories
`
`6.1 Universal Acoesory Clamp
`
`6.2 Arm Support
`6.3 Hand Grips
`
`7.0
`
`Extended Collimator Head Rotation
`Provides additional collimator rotation to 1165'.
`
`.S}xrlfla'1tlwrr sulyact m dzange wldrout ndlce.
`All canpany andpvdua‘ name: rnendonai are mad Ibr
`ldentlflcauon purposes’ only andmay he traalernantr or
`reglmirnd aademaricr ofthen’ rerperflve owners‘.
`
`2.1.1
`
`2.1.2
`
`Precision: Refer to EDW Specifications
`RAD 1880B.
`
`Dose Rate: The dose rate during the
`EDW treatment is automatically
`modulated between zero and the
`maximum dose rate selected in
`
`5.0
`
`Physics Mode.
`
`3.0
`
`Upper and Lower Independent
`Collimators
`
`Asymmetrical collimation '3 provided with the upper
`and lower sets of collimators.
`
`3.1 Upper travel range: 30 cm (-10 cm to +20 cm
`relative to central
`3.2 Lower travel range: 22 cm (-2 cm to +20 cm
`relative to central
`
`4.0
`
`Special Procedures Mode
`4.1 Special Total Body X-ray Mode acry plugs
`are provided.
`4.2 All beans are calibrated at machine isooenter.
`
`4.3 Integrated dose monitor is 4 digits, 1 to 9,000
`MU.
`
`Page 7 of 8
`
`
`
`
`
`4
`
`
`
`
`1.2 1 0.2
`1.6 1 0.15
`
`
`
`
`
`Oncology Systems
`3100 Hansen Way
`Palo Alto, CA 94304-1038
`tel 650.424.5700
`tel 800.544.4636
`www.varian.com
`
`CLINAC®600C & 600C/D
`
`Advanced Treatment Delivery
`
`A4 (5M)
`
`Hong Kong
`Varian Medical Systems
`Pacific, Inc.
`Kowloon, Hong Kong
`Tel: 85.22.724.2836
`Fax: 85.22.369.4280
`India
`Varian Medical Systems
`India Pvt Ltd.
`Mumbai, India
`Tel: 91.22.6162301/02
`Fax: 91.22.6162277
`Italy
`Varian Medical Systems
`Italia, S.p.A.
`Cernusco (MI), Italy
`Tel: 39.02.921.351
`Fax: 39.02.921.35240
`Japan
`Varian Medical Systems
`K.K.
`Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
`Tel: 81.3.3639.9700
`Fax: 81.3.3639.9623
`
`Latin America
`Varian Medical Systems
`Miami, FL
`USA
`Tel: 305.261.7666
`Fax: 305.266.7760
`Scandinavia
`Varian Medical Systems
`Scandinavia AS
`Herlev, Denmark
`Tel: 45.44.500.100
`Fax: 45.44.500.190
`Spain/Portugal
`Varian Medical Systems
`Ibérica, S.L.
`Madrid, Spain
`Tel: 34.91.799.4530
`Fax: 34.91.799.4541
`UK/Ireland
`Varian Medical Systems
`UK Ltd.
`Crawley, West Sussex, UK
`Tel: 44.1293.531.244
`Fax: 44.1293.510.260
`
`Varian Medical Systems Worldwide Offices
`USA Headquarters
`International Sales
`China
`Offices
`Varian Medical Systems
`California
`China Ltd.
`Australia
`Varian Medical Systems
`Beijing, P.R. China
`Varian Medical Systems
`Palo Alto, CA
`Tel: 8610.6512.7169
`(Australasia) Pty Ltd.
`Tel: 650.424.5700
`Fax: 8610.6523.2039
`Frenchs Forest,
`800.544.4636
`Finland
`NSW 2086
`Fax: 650.493.5637
`Varian Medical Systems
`Sydney, Australia
`http://www.varian.com
`Finland Oy
`Tel: 612.9975.8800
`USA Regional Offices
`Espoo, Finland
`Fax: 612.9452.5737
`California
`Tel: 358.9.430771
`Austria, Switzerland,
`Varian Medical Systems
`Fax: 358.9.4554585
`Eastern Europe, Africa,
`Corona, CA
`Middle & Near East
`France
`Tel: 909.280.4401
`Varian Medical Systems
`Varian Medical Systems
`Fax: 909.280.4300
`International AG
`Varian Médical France
`Georgia
`Zug, Switzerland
`Paris, France
`Varian Medical Systems
`Tel: 41.41.749.8844
`Tel: 33.1.53.60.82.00
`Marietta, GA
`Fax: 41.41.740.3340
`Fax: 33.1.44.24.07.59
`Tel: 770.955.1367
`Belgium &
`Germany
`Fax: 770.955.6936
`Netherlands
`Varian Medical Systems
`Illinois
`Varian Medical Systems
`Germany GmbH
`Varian Medical Systems
`Nederland B.V.
`Darmstadt, Germany
`Des Plaines, IL
`Houten, Netherlands
`Tel: 49.61.51.73130
`Tel: 847.296.5533
`Tel: 31.30.634.0506
`Fax: 49.61.51.731313
`Fax: 847.296.0043
`Fax: 31.30.636.2466
`Tennessee
`Brazil
`Varian Medical Systems
`Varian Medical Systems
`Franklin, TN
`do Brasil Ltda.
`Tel: 615.790.7165
`São Paulo, Brazil
`Fax: 615.790.2749
`Tel: 55.11.829.6705
`Fax: 55.11.3045.9748
`
`RAD 2001E
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`Copyright © 2000 Varian Medical Systems, Inc
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`Printed in U S A
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