`
`||||ll||||l||||||||I|l|||||||||lIllll|||l|Illlilllll|||||||||l|||||||||||||
`U5005590403A
`5,590,403
`[11] Patent Number: '
`[19]
`Unlted States Patent
`a
`Cameron et al.
`[45] Date of Patent:
`Dec. 31 1996
`
`
`[54] METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENTLY
`pRovmlNG Two WAY COMMUNICATION
`BETWEEN A CENTRAL NETWORK AND
`MOBILE UNIT
`
`................................ .. 455/59
`4,490,830 12/1984 Kai et al.
`
`4,570,265
`2/1986 Thro .... ..... . .. .
`.. ... 455/59
`4,968,966
`11/1990 Jasinki et a1.
`.......................... 455/51.2
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Dennis W. Cameron, Jackson, Miss.;
`Walter C, Roehr, Jr" Reston, Va";
`RdPt
`',
`fd;
`'P.Bh
`132k:0ne;:£c0foléi:sr , NELOOd
`aga
`Garahi’ Madison. Wii’liam D Hays
`Jackson’ both of Miss: David' W_
`Ackerman, Washington, DC.
`
`’
`
`t,
`
`WO91/18458
`11/1991 WIPO .................................. .. 455/101
`WO9211707
`7/1992 WIPO ................................... 455l33.1
`,
`.
`.
`_
`Primary Examiner—Reinhard J. Eisenzopf
`Assistant Examiner—Thanh Le
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm——Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow,
`Garrett & Dunner’ L'L'P'
`
`[73] Assignee: Destineer Corporation, Jackson, Miss.
`
`[21] App]. No; 973,918
`_
`N0“ 12! 1992
`Ffledz
`[22]
`............................. H04B 7/06
`Int. Cl.6 ..
`[51]
`455/51 2_ 455.33 4_ 455/34 1_
`[52] U S Cl
`1_ 455'5’9, 455/1‘0’1_ 375/2'99’
`' """"""
`'
`'
`’
`’
`455/3’3 1 33 2
`F. M f S
`h
`541 4’2 5'9’
`1e
`0
`561 63 10'1 ’102' 303: 3170/‘95’3 7‘7: 375/266
`'
`’
`’
`’
`’
`’
`’
`’ 267 299’
`’
`
`
`
`'
`
`[58
`
`]
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`
`4,223,405
`4,392,242
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`9/1980 Hattori et al.
`............................ 455/59
`7/1983 Kai ....................................... .. 455/34.1
`
`
`
`ABSTRACT
`[57]
`A two-way communication system for communication
`between a system network and a mobile unit. The system
`network includes a plurality of base transmitters and base
`receivers included in the network. The base transmitters are
`diVided into Zonal aSSignmems and broadcaSt in SimmcaSt
`using multi-carrier modulation techniques. The system net-
`work controls the base transmitters to broadcast in simulcast
`during both systemwide and zonal time intervals. The sys—
`tem network dynamically alters zone boundaries to maxi-
`mize information throughput The preferred mobile unit
`includes a noise detector circuit to prevent unwanted trans-
`missions. The system network further provides an adaptive
`registration feature for mobile units which controls the
`registration operations by the mobile units to maximize
`information throughput.
`
`12 Claims, 30 Drawing Sheets
`
`700
`\
`
`Generating a system information
`signal which includes a plurality of
`blocks of information
`
`
`
`7
`
`02
`
`Transmitting the system information
`signal to the plurality of transmitters
`
`
`704
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`
`
`
`
`
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`information in simulcast during the first
`
`time period
`
`706
`
`
`
`Transmitting by the first set of
`transmitters a second block of
`information during the second
`time period
`
`
`
`
`
`Transmitting by the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`information during the second
`time period
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00001
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00001
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`'
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`F[6. /
`
`PRIOR ART
`
`
`
`Transmitter
`
`
`
`Transmitter
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00002
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00002
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 2 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`
` 204
`
`
`
`FIG.2 PRIORART
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00003,
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00003
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 3 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`mg:mm#35E.n_mmEzmz<E
`22:uuuuu#3mop:"vmnummmE2m2<E
`_\ m\_oom\08588m
`.mH_20E:zoa9%6EmmmEszSE
`
`.mU28...ézgm«Em0EwWSEDSE
`
`N8
`
`
`.._r"rm:5mmMu"EflbmE<moEmmmmmmmantis:«wk.atSOImmEE.............i........--_,........
`
`m2:_.._.
`E:Umm_U,3:N92_np.Tu-ommmEszEmunmo20E"uuu,8rmézgmtommEEO$451.9mgm9EEE_mafia20.2228
`
`mzoEozoomm<E.:z<ébmmmz
`
`
`"nun“:3:95
`
`
`
`m2:__u__«em6:Wnmu0:3SEmmmmmSZMDSEGk.GE
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00004
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00004
`
`
`

`

`SMU
`
`tunuuunmmmmm_nWoakEX
`m,MmwWWWmE:m._m__
`EmEzmz<E:355H__U__205$205«3%GEmmmmmm>ozm30mml
`
`
` “58033mMwMWWWWmmmmm.mmsm2:"umuunNEEEEE#35E__n___20Eézgm3?GE%MWWMWW>ozm30mmm
`3mmmmWe0,Noz<Fmmwmmmt_2mz<Emw.,m2:_.__._20$
`:3main1m.5..mH__3205noaV.m___._2922280v0Em,mgmmmmV>ozm8mE
`.mw.mSEUSEHESEEQZ
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00005
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 5 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG.5PRIORART
`
`00000000000 68
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00006
`
`

`

`
`
`U
`
`t
`
`m2925e.229me5
`
`a08E583Pmm<m
`..8mSgm3Vm.GE
`
`EEzmz<EAV10%magM,b.m5wEamommDmm<mam\._\vN89%}}«805
`am:2:m80Baez
`
`t8.mLzoNIA.s8me.m8
`,\_.?/~mooAUP6...:...:§80}4.;..
`mgmgmm<mm.,.m0Eamomm‘.wmmmzoNmm<m
`220.95m.EE>mommm,
`
`mm.m4MWe9aWmm:szm.n5m8mzozémmomm5a2925
`x835211
`
`87mm
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00007
`
`
`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 7 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`'F/G.7
`
`700
`
`Generating a system information
`
`signal which includes a plurality of
`blocks of information
`
`702
`
`704
`
`706
`
`
`
`Transmitting the system information
`signal to the plurality of transmitters
`
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`
`
`information in simulcast during the first
`
`
`time period
`
`
`708
`
`7|0
`
`Transmitting by the first set of
`transmitters a second block of
`
`information during the second
`time period
`
`time period
`
`Transmitting by the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`
`information during the second
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00008
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00008
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 8 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG: 8
`
`800
`
`
`
`Transmitting a message signal by a
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`
`
`where the mobile transceiver was. last
`known to be located
`
`
`802
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a plurality of zones if the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`receipt of the message signal from the
`base transmitter
`
`the mobile transceiver
`
`Receiving the regional probe signal by
`
`804
`
`306
`
`
`
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`
`
`response to the received regional
`probe signal
`
`
`
`
`808
`
`Receiving the acknowledgment signal
`from the mobile transceiver by a base
`
`receiver
`
`8'0
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`of the base receiver that received the
`acknowledgment signal as the last
`known location of the mobile
`transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
`
`8l2
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00009
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00009
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 9 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`
`LL.
`
`D3U(
`
`>OC(
`
`DL
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00010
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00010
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 10 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. IO
`
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00011
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00011
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 11 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`
`
`1100
`
`1122
`
`2
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00012
`
`FIG. 11
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL1
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL2
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL3
`
`FREQUENCY
`
`CONTROL
`
`SIGNAL 4
`
`“02
`
`G MODULATOR
`
`“04
`
`® MODULATOR
`
`1106
`“16
`a MODULATOR
`1108
`a MODULATOR
`
`1112
`
`1114
`
`{m8
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNALn
`
`1110
`
`® MODULATOR
`
`1120
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00012
`
`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 12 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. 12
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 1
`
`1202
`
`
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 2
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 3
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 4
`
`F1
`
`F2
`
`F3
`
`F4
`
`1200
`
`/
`
`1210
`
`z
`
`IN PHASE
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`1204
`
`IN PHASE
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`
`
`1205
`
`IN PHASE
`
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`
`
`1208
`
`IN PHASE
`
`
`
`QUADRATURE
`
`FOUR CARRIER QUADRATURE MODULATOR
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00013
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00013
`
`

`

`QMU
`
`t
`
`6
`
`M
`
`32m82
`x55382+a
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`59:
`
`
`
`2222_55:824.2
`
`
`
`m5m:01amBEBEH_n2033S526m.acfiEooNE6:80
`
`3mw55:82+5mm09m.nW),32mm5_—II_m_An_mwum
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00014
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`m
`
`6
`
`m8:2:8:
`
`mas23
`
`P5:thEmmm.S”t:._.m5.x.mxk
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`
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`
`0
`
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`
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`
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`
`mu
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00015
`
`
`

`

`U
`
`me
`
`D
`
`m
`
`5,5
`
`3
`
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`
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`
`
`
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`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00016
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00016
`
`
`

`

`aP
`
`mo8_\
`
`mbx..Q\|.\
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`N8.5;9:0:mm30>___>>
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`
`
`3mmm,Eamomcmfi9522
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00017
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 17 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`WOO
`
`l706
`
`Receiver
`
`l708
`
`Display and
`Storage Logic
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`l5l4
`
`
`
`Display
`Controls
`
`|5|0
`
`Annuncialor
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00018
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00018
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 18 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`
`
`32
`
`8282’
`
`528mmmmmmmo_mc<
`
`
`a£525BEBE528%
`
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`
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`
`
`mg3289”.mmmm.3:90
`
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`
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`
`528mm
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00019
`
`mgmmmooi
`
`Ecoamm
`
` >585
`
`as.
`
`LBmSuoEmQ
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00019
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`
`
`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 19 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. /9
`
`
`
`Analog
`Receiver
`
`I802
`
`Demodulator
`
`I8IO
`
`
`
`
`
`Correction
`
`Circuit
`
`
` [906
`
`Error
`
` Store &
`
`Forward
`
`Circuit
`
`l908
`
`
`Regional
`Processing
`Circuitry
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 10197Page 00020
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00020
`
`

`

`S”U
`
`t
`
`6m
`
`m
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`
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`
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`
`wn
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00021
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 21 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`Transmit
`Capability?
`
`2'00
`/
`
`Last
`Location
`
`Transmit
`Capability?
`
`Button Format
`
`i
`
`
`I
`
`User Database
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00022
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00022
`
`

`

`Su
`
`t
`
`D
`
`m
`
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`
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`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00023
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00023
`
`
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. 23
`
`Current Messages
`
`Service Queue
`
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00024
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00024
`
`

`

`mu
`
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`
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`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00025
`
`

`

`U.
`
`a
`
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`
`mm95MaXm:39“X1/
`mom“Xm4&3mmxm\$3
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`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00026
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 26 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. 26
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 2600
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a first information
`signal and a second information
`
`signal, the first information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`
`first set of base transmitters
`assigned to a first zone, and the
`
`second information signal being
`
`transmitted in simulcast by a second
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`2602
`second zone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2604
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Dynamically reassigning one or more
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`first set of base transmitters and an
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`
`
`
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a third information
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`the third information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated first set of base transmitters,
`and the fourth information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated second set of base .
`transmitters
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`2606
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00027
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00027
`
`

`

`U.
`
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`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00028
`
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 28 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`FIG. 28(4)
`
`2800
`
`
`
`
`Send a message to disable the
`registration feature
`
`2802
`
`Store the number of probe
`signals sent and a number of
`messages successfully
`delivered
`
`2804
`
`Process the stored number of
`
`probe signals and number of
`
`messages succesfully
`delivered to evaluate a
`likelihood that a probe signal
`will be required to be sent by
`the network to locate the mobile
`
`transceiver
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to enable the mobile
`transceiver's capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`
`selected value
`
`2805
`
`2308
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00029
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00029
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 29 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
`F/6'. 28/3}
`
`
`
`28|0
`
`/
`
`28l2
`
`Send a message to enable the
`registration feature
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Store the number of registration
`signals received and a number
`of messages successfully
`delivered
`
`
`
`
`
` 28l4
`
`
`
` Process the stored number of
`registration signals and
`
`
`
`number of messages
`succesfully delivered to
`
`evaluate a likelihood that a
`
`registration signal will be
`received by a base receiver in
`
`the network that will not be
`
`used by the network to
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`28l6
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`determine a set of base
`
`transmitters to be operated to
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`
`
`
`
` Send a message to the mobile
`
`
`
`
`
`
`unit to disable the mobile
`
`transceiver's capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`
`selected value
`
`28|8
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00030
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00030
`
`

`

`US. Patent
`
`Dec. 31, 1996
`
`Sheet 30 of 30
`
`5,590,403
`
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`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00031
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00031
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`

`

`5,590,403
`
`1
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR EFFICIENTLY
`PROVIDING TWO WAY COMNIUNICATION
`BETWEEN A CENTRAL NETWORK AND
`MOBILE UNIT
`
`5
`
`
`
`2
`D, E, and F. Destructive interference occurs when the two
`signals are equal in magnitude and 180° out of phase and
`completely cancel each other. While there were some suc-
`cesses, reliable design procedures were not available.
`Attempting to precisely synchronize the carrier frequen-
`cies of all simulcast transmitters does not overcome the
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`problem because points (i.e. nodes) at which destructive
`,
`.
`summing occurred persisted for long periods of time. At
`A‘ Flew 0f the Invenuon
`such points, a mobile receiver can not receive the simulcast
`The Present invention relates to methcds and SyStemS for
`signal.
`providing two-way communication capability between a 10
`Deliberately offsetting the carrier frequencies of adjacent
`central flatwork and, a mobfle “mt over a relanvely large
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`are?’ and more partlcmafly to. Sth methOdS and Systems
`persist at one point for an extended period oftime. The slight
`Whlqh allow for rap1d commumcauon 0f large messages and
`errors in frequency displayed by high quality reference
`eflimem use Of syStem resources'
`15 oscillators (e.g., 20 hertz errors in 100 MHz signals or a few
`13- Description Of the Related Art
`parts in 107) render deliberate oifsetting unnecessary. Fur-
`Conventional two-way portable/mobile wireless messag-
`ther, merely offsetting the carrier frequencies could not
`ing systems often provide a variety of services to subscrib-
`guarantee acceptable quality demodulation because proper
`ers. Conventional messaging systems in particular provide
`alignment of the modulating signals in time is also required.
`one-way services using store and forward techniques to
`FIG 2 displays the Situation at, for example, point D in
`mobile receivers carried by the subscriber. A fundamental 20
`FIG. 1 when modulating waveforms are synchronized and
`goal 0f two-way messaging SyStemS is to PIOVide a network
`includes coverage boundary 202 from a first transmitter and
`of interconnected transmitters and receivers which provides
`a second transmitter coverage boundary 204 from a second
`Shfhdeht transmitted Signal Strength and receive capability
`adjacent transmitter. An equi-signal boundary 200 exists
`to uniformly cover a geographic regich- some cchVehttchel
`messaging SyStemS PTOthe the message to the user on a 25 where the signals from the first and second transmitters have
`small VieWihg screen on the mcbhe “htt-
`approximately equal signal strengths. A more realistic equi—
`However, such conventional systems often suifer from
`signal boundary would take into account natural and man-
`problems associated with low system throughput, evidenced
`made topography and propagation conditions, and therefore
`by slow message delivery and message size limitations and
`would probably not be a straight line.
`do not provide an acknowledgment feature wherein the 30
`FIGS. 3 and 4 generally illustrate various Signals as they
`mcbhe unit transmits an ZCRIIOWledgmeht Signal
`to the
`may occur at or near the equi-signal boundary 200 as shown
`SYStem t0 ackthIedge receipt 0f the message from the
`in FIG. 2. In particular, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate various
`SyStem- Generally, SyStem throughPUt refers to the overall
`aspects of modulation synchronization and how altering
`communication capability of a system as defined by the total 35
`transmission parameters may fled the synchronization In
`amount 0f message date from the SYStem t0 the mcbhe “hits
`general, there are at least three sources which cause the
`hatheITed by the SyStem during a given Pericd 0f time
`signals from the first transmitter and the second transmitter
`diVided by the frequency badeidth necessary to transmit
`to be out of synchronization: (1) timing shifts in the delivery
`the message date ahd may be measured in bits trahStefred
`of the modulating waveform to each of the transmitters; (2)
`per Hz. Further, such conventional systems suifer from 40
`timing shim internal to each transmitter; and (3) timing
`technical problems preventing consistent wide area cover-
`Shifts caused by propagation distances and anomalies_ From
`age ahd Wehld Teqhhe eXtYeIhety Wide Portions 0f valuable
`the perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area, these
`frequency hadeidth t0 acmeve acceptable SyStem through'
`three sources of timing shifts combine to produce an overall
`Put rates.
`timing shifts between the received signals from the first and
`technology in communication systems was 45
`Simulcast
`second transmitters. In current commercial practice,
`the
`originally developed to extend transmitter coverage beyond
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`that which could be obtained from a single transmitter. Over
`of about 200 microseconds. The timing shift present in
`time, however, simulcasting has evolved into a technique
`simulcast systems disadvantageously limits the baud rate at
`capable of providing continuous coverage to a large area.
`which information may be transferred. In general, FIGS. 3
`Generally, simulcast technology provides multiple trans- 50
`and 4 Win 3130 hthtrate hcw timing Shifts PreVehtS high
`mitters, operating on substantially the same frequencies and
`band Tate “3153115510115-
`transrnitting the same information positioned to cover
`A time line representation of a signal 306 from a first
`extended areas. As shown in FIG. 1, transmitter 100 gener—
`transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(A) and a signa1’308 from a
`ally provides coverage over area A, D, and E, transmitter
`second transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(B), both from the
`102 generally provides coverage over area B, D, and E, and 55 perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical
`transmitter 104 generally provides coverage over area C, E,
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`and F. In some cases, the coverage area of a first transmitter
`As can be seen from FIGS. 3(A) and (B), the signals 306 and
`may be entirely enclosed within the coverage area of another
`308 are frequency modulated between a high and a low
`transmitter, such as in building interiors and valleys. In areas
`frequency value and the signals 306 and 308 are exactly in
`where one (and only one) transmitter dominates (e.g., areas 60 phase. As will be appreciated, the timing shift between
`A, B, and C in FIG. 1), simulcast is effective because the
`signals 306 and 308 must be small when compared to the
`other transmitters do not significantly aifect receivers in
`baud interval shown in FIGS. 3(A) and (B) since signals 306
`those areas.
`and 308 are in synchronization. Of course, as the baud
`However, in “overlap” areas D, E, and F shown in FIG. 1,
`interval decreases, the timing shifts will likely cause signals
`where the signals from two or more transmitters are approxi- 65 306 and 308 to he 0ht cf Syhcm‘chizatich-
`mately equal, problems can arise because destructive inter-
`FIGS. 3(C), (D), and (E) show the summation of these
`ference of signals occurs in these overlap areas such as areas
`two signals 306 and 308 at an equi-signal boundary, such as
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00032
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00032
`
`

`

`
`
`3
`
`4
`
`5,590,403
`
`boundary 200 in FIG. 2. FIG. 3(C) shows a composite signal
`310 indicating that
`the frequency information remains
`unchanged, FIG. 3(D) shows a linear graph 312 of the
`relative phase difference caused by a slight carrier frequency
`difference between the signals from the first transmitter and
`the second transmitter. FIG. 3(E) shows a composite ampli-
`tude signal 314. A noise threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed line 304 in FIG. 3(E).
`Of interest, FIG. 3(E) shows the composite amplitude
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold 304 at an
`anti—phase condition 302 (e.g., when the relative phase angle
`is i180°, as shown in FIG. 3(D)). As can be seen from FIG.
`3(E), the anti-phase condition 302 caused by the slight phase
`shift between transmitter 1 and transmitter 2 will not cause
`any loss of data because the anti—phase condition persists for
`only a small portion of the baud interval.
`The slight offset of the carrier frequencies between the
`first and second transmitters causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the two signals, as shown in FIG. 3(D).
`When the signals are i180° out of phase, the temporary dip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the loss of a few bits in
`the composite signal, at worst. These errors can be counter-
`acted with a conventional error correcting code, such as is
`commonly known.
`FIG. 4 shows a set of similar signals to those in FIG. 3,
`but wherein the signal 402 from the first transmitter is offset
`from, or out of synchronization with, the signal 404 from the
`second transmitter by a full baud. In particular, signal 404
`lags signal 402 by one band interval. As previously dis-
`cussed, the ofiset of signals 402 and 404 may be caused by
`various timing shifts in the delivery of both signals 402 and
`404 to a receiver in an overlap area. FIGS. 4(A) and (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of these timing
`shifts is equal to the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`400. As can be seen in FIG. 4(C), composite: signal 406
`includes a period of indeterminate frequency which unde—
`sirably covers several entire baud intervals and, therefore,
`successful demodulation is impossible during those baud
`intervals. If the baud interval were increased to minimize the
`effect of these timing shifts, data loss would be less likely.
`Therefore, it can be seen that the baud rate at which good
`data transfer can be accomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered to receivers in overlap
`areas.
`
`Through these examples, it can be seen that high degrees
`of modulation synchronization make it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a simulcast system. However, the
`baud rate limitation of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits system throughput.
`An alternative to simulcast for wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal, non—overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can be made in time (e.g., broadcasting the information on
`the same frequency in different time slots to adjacent areas),
`or in frequency (e.g., broadcasting the information simulta-
`neously on different frequencies in adjacent areas). There are
`several problems with such orthogonal systems, however.
`First, orthogonal assignments require tuning the receiver to
`the assigned frequency or time channel for the area in which
`the receiver currently resides. In the broadcast services every
`traveler has experienced the frustration of finding the correct
`channel for their favorite programs. Simulcast operation
`avoids the need for scanning and re—tuning as the mobile unit
`moves between areas. Such scanning and re-tuning also
`disadvantageously increases mobile unit power consump-
`tion.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`35
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`the orthogonal assignment
`Second, and more serious,
`approach drastically reduces the system throughput capacity
`as measured in bits per Hz because anywhere from 3 to 7,
`or possibly more, orthogonal assignments are required to
`obtain continuous area coverage in most conventional
`orthogonal systems. This waste of capacity is somewhat
`recouped if the same information is not needed throughout
`the service area because a given piece of information is sent
`only to those cells where it is needed.
`Conventional cellular radio service is a typical example of
`an orthogonal system. In cellular, the same frequencies are
`reused in spatially separated cells to allow different data to
`be transmitted to different mobile units. An example of three
`cellular arrangements is shown in FIG. 5 where the number
`of cells (N) is equal to 3, 4, and 7. Each cell (i.e., A, B, C,
`.
`.
`. ) in conventional cellular service usually only includes
`a single transmitter and operates in a different frequency or
`time division within the communication protocol. As shown
`in FIG. 5, cellular service generally locates transmitters
`utilizing the same division (all the “A” transmitters) far
`enough apart
`to reduce the likelihood of interference
`between such transmitters. As the number of cells increases,
`the likelihood of interference decreases. For example, with
`N=3 as shown by arrangement 500 in FIG. 3, the distance
`between the coverage area of “A” cells is about 1/2 cell width,
`with N=4 in arrangement 502, the distance between the
`coverage areas of “A” cells is slightly larger, and with N=7
`in arrangement 504 the distance between “A” cells is larger
`than the width of one cell.
`
`However, as the number of cells increases, the length of
`the individual time intervals per cell decreases for time
`division multiplexed systems, thereby decreasing the sys-
`tems total information transfer. In frequency division sys-
`tems, more cells undesirably increases the frequency band—
`width required. Therefore, system throughput in bits per Hz
`is decreased as the number of cells increases. Furthermore,
`cellular systems often require an electronic “handshake”
`between system and mobile unit to identify the specific cell
`(i.e. transmitter) in which the mobile unit is located to allow
`capacity reuse.
`
`II. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The systems and methods of the present invention have a
`wide variety of objects and advantages. The systems and
`methods of the present invention have as a primary object to
`provide a communication system with wide area coverage
`and high message throughput while minimizing frequency
`bandwidth usage.
`It is an object of the invention to provide a simulcast
`communication system with a high data transfer rate which
`does not exceed the baud rate limitations of simulcast
`transmission.
`
`It is a further object of the present invention to provide a
`communication system which provides for superior data
`communication integrity.
`Yet another object of the invention is to provide a mobile
`transceiver unit which prevents unnecessary RF interfer~
`ence, particularly on commercial aircraft.
`Still further, it is an object of the invention to provide a
`zone based communication system which may dynamically
`redefine zone boundaries to improve information through—
`put.
`
`Another object of the invention is to provide a zone based
`simulcast communication system which can effectively
`communicate with both mobile transceiver units located
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00033
`
`
`
`IPR 2016-00768
`Petitioners, Ex. 1019 Page 00033
`
`

`

`5
`near the center of each zone as well as mobile transceiver
`units located within the overlap areas between two or more
`zones.
`
`5,590,403
`
`6
`
`5
`
`base transmitters and mobile receivers within a region of
`space divided into a plurality of zones with each zone having
`at least one base transmitter assigned thereto, the commu~
`nication method comprising the steps of (a) transmitting
`substantially simultattewsly a first inf9rmafion Signal and a
`secopd Information slgnal t9 commlimcaie messages to the
`mfmfle. regelvers’ the first mformauon Sigma} bemg Frans-
`rmtted 1n srmulcast by a first set of base transrmtters assrgned
`to a first zone, and the second information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by a second set of base transmitters
`10 assigned to a second zone, (b) dynamically reassigning one
`or more of the base transmitters in the first set of base
`transmitters assigned to the first zone to the second set of
`base transmitters assigned to the second zone as a function
`of the messages to be communicated in an area, thereby
`15 creating an updated thet set 0f base transmitters and an
`updated'seeenfi set thase transmitters: 311d $0) thahsmittihg
`SUbStahtlahy SUPUIteheOHSIY athlrd_1hf0mat10n§1ghal fine a
`fourth tflomathn Slgnala the thud mformauon Slgnal bemg
`transmitted in s1mu1cast by_ the updated. first set of base
`transmits“! and the fourth Informath Slgnal bemg trans'
`mmed.m slmmcast by .the updated second set of ba§e
`transmitters to communicate add1t10na1 messages to sald
`mobile receivers
`
`
`
`Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be
`set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part
`will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by
`practicing the invention The objects and advantages of the
`.
`.
`.
`. '
`.
`Invention Will be 36311.1“ and .attamed by means 9f the
`elements and_ Combmauons Partlcmafly 1301“th out m the
`appended Claims
`To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose
`of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein,
`the invention is directed to a method for information trans~
`mission by a plurality of transmitters to provide broad
`communication capability over aregion of space, the infor-
`mation transmission occurring durin