PATENT:
`INVENTORS:
`
`FILE HISTORY
`US 5,915,210
`
`5,915,210
`Cameron, Dennis Wayne
`Roehr, Jr., Walter Charles
`Bhagat, Jai P.
`Garahi, Masood
`Hays, William D.
`Ackerman, David W.
`
`TITLE:
`
`Method and system for providing
`multicarrier simulcast transmission
`
`APPLICATION
`NO:
`FILED:
`ISSUED:
`
`US1997899476A
`
`24 JUL 1997
`22 JUN 1999
`
`COMPILED:
`
`08 MAR 2013
`
`1
`
`Petitioner Samsung - SAM1014
`
`

`
`«s" s
`
`I5915210
`
`lIIO
`I ll9l HYIMl
`
`5915210
`
`PATENT DAJ&
`
`224W
`
`PATENT
`NUMBER
`
`,SERIAL NUMBER
`
`RUDATE
`
`CLtAS
`
`1
`
`8U7S
`
`jGROUP ART UNIT
`-:6 11
`
`VA~;
`D'ENN IS .WAYNE CAMtiERON,
`JACKSON, MS?. WALTER CHA-WRLES ROEHR JSR. ,RESTON,
`.TACKSON, MS,.. MA~SOOL.
`iGARAHI, MAtDISON, MS. WILLIAM D. FtAY :,
`Ji-I* P..
`It-G~sHAlaT,
`~.:K:SON *
`IC:.
`lAIS, DA.VID: W,, A~CKERMAN:, WASINGI\'TON,
`
`BEST COPY
`
`:4 ::ONT I~ N\I
`VER IFI ED:
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`I Nlia
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`THIS APPLN
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`k,5
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`I S
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`C0N
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`A CON OF
`
`Cl8/760:,.457.12/06/96
`07/973,.918 11 /12/'32
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`A F P P I 11:: A~ "r '.0 Nl :4: :+: :+::+::+: :+: :+: :+::+: :4: ~
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`FO:RE
`
`:'*I CNI LI.. INi~a L.I CENSE
`
`tiRgiNIr.I-
`
`()9 /1 Cl /97 F
`
`CERTIFIAE
`N OV 2. 31999
`OCORRECUION
`
`no
`
`A iS
`
`ILNTRY DRWGS. ICLAIMS
`STATE OR ISHEETS ITTAL
`0 yes
`*Foreign pulority claimed
`COUFLE
`35 USC 119 conditions met 0 ye
`I29
`I MS
`TnUaIs
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`Velfied andAknowledged
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`2
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`<V7.7 iI
`
`AMrOINEY's
`DOCKET NO.
`"_ _ ;
`*t.nrlI:.
`
`1. i;7
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`METHOD~ A~ND SYSTEM FOR' P bV I D: I NlG MUJLT I CARR I ER S I MUL..C(:AST TRANSISSION
`
`I-'
`
`jAsareExainer
`Ikt
`
`-
`
`NOTICE OF ALLOWANCE MAILED
`
`ISSUF,.FEE
`Amount Due 7
`Date Paid
`
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`Total Claimlrn li
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`DRAWING
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`IPrint Fig.
`
`THANH
`L
`PRIMARY EXAMINER
`z jo Primary Examiner.
`(4(jf-
`PREPARED FOR ISSUE
`
`ISSUE
`BATCH
`NUMBER,
`
`p
`
`WARNING: The information disclosed herein may be restricted. Unauthorized disclosure may be prohibited
`by the United States Code Title 35, Sections 122, 181 and 368. Possession outside the U.S.
`Patent & Trademark Office is restricted to authorized employees and contractors only.
`
`Area
`
`&
`
`Form PTO-436A
`(Rev. 8/92)k
`
`QbC-
`
`11
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`(FACE)
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`26 1
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`U.S. DEPT. OF COMM./ PAT. & TM-PTO*436L (Rev.12-94)
`
`t
`
`Exa
`
`CLAI S ALLOWED
`
`Assistant Examiner
`.DRAWING
`
`Sheets Drwg. Figs. Drwg.
`LfT
`
`3-i.-a 7
`.Eisenzopf
`Rein
`-
`isory Patent Examiner
`SS.
`ISSUE
`Group 260o
`BATCH
`Primary Examiner NUMBER
`PREPARED FOR ISSUE
`
`Print Fi
`
`WARNING: The information disclosed herein may be restricted. Unauthorized disclosure may be prohibited
`by the United States Code Title 35, Sections 122, 181 and 368. Possession outside the U.S.
`Patent & Trademark Office is restricted to authorized employees and contractors only.
`
`PARTS OF APPLICATION
`FILED SEPARATELYons
`NOTICE OF ALLOWAN EMAILED
`
`ISSUE FEE
`Amount Due
`Date Paid
`
`Label
`Area
`
`_i::i
`
`Form PTO-436A
`(Rev. 8/92)
`
`(FACE)
`
`3
`
`

`
`08/760,457
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTICARRIER
`SIMULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`Transaction History
`
`Transaction Description
`Date
`Incoming Letter Pertaining to the Drawings
`12-06-1996
`12-06-1996 Preliminary Amendment
`12-06-1996 Preliminary Amendment
`01-03-1997
`Initial Exam Team nn
`02-21-1997 Application Captured on Microfilm
`03-07-1997 Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`04-25-1997 Mail Notice of Allowance
`04-25-1997 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed
`04-25-1997 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`04-25-1997 Examiner's Amendment Communication
`03-25-1998 Mail Abandonment for Failure to Correct Drawings/Oath
`03-25-1998 Abandonment for Failure to Correct Drawings/Oath/NonPub Request
`04-09-1998 Abandonment for Purposes of Filing an FWC - File Combined with Child
`Application
`
`4
`
`

`
`5,915,210
`
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING MULTICARRIER
`SIMULCAST TRANSMISSION
`
`Transaction History
`
`Transaction Description
`Date
`Preliminary Amendment
`07-24-1997
`Initial Exam Team nn
`08-21-1997
`IFW Scan & PACR Auto Security Review
`08-26-1997
`09-12-1997 Amendment after Notice of Allowance (Rule 312)
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) Filed
`09-12-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) Filed
`09-12-1997
`09-15-1997 Application Dispatched from OIPE
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) Filed
`12-19-1997
`Information Disclosure Statement (IDS) Filed
`12-19-1997
`04-09-1998 Case Docketed to Examiner in GAU
`04-16-1998 Mail Notice of Allowance
`04-16-1998 Notice of Allowance Data Verification Completed
`04-16-1998 Mail Examiner's Amendment
`04-16-1998 Examiner's Amendment Communication
`06-16-1998
`Issue Fee Payment Verified
`06-16-1998 Mailroom Date of Drawing(s)
`06-19-1998 Application Ordered to Match Drawing(s)
`06-19-1998 Drawing(s) Received at Publications
`06-24-1998 Application Received to Match Drawing(s)
`07-28-1998 Drawing(s) Processing Completed
`07-28-1998 Drawing(s) Matched to Application
`09-15-1998 Date Forwarded to Examiner
`09-23-1998 Mail Response to 312 Amendment (PTO-271)
`09-23-1998 Response to Amendment under Rule 312
`01-06-1999 Mailroom Date of Drawing(s)
`01-08-1999 Drawing(s) Received at Publications
`06-11-1999
`Issue Notification Mailed
`06-22-1999 Recordation of Patent Grant Mailed
`Post Issue Communication - Certificate of Correction
`10-27-1999
`
`5
`
`

`
`-.
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`~
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`I
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`-PATENT
`
`APPLICATION
`
`APRED FOR LICENS
`
`08760457
`
`INITIALS
`
`J
`
`2'
`
`Date
`Entered
`or
`Counted
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`CONTENTS
`
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`Received
`or
`Mailed
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`1.
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`papers.
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`I&OW q0
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`)30,4 a .
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`t
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`91
`
`(FRONT)
`
`6
`
`

`
`16
`
`PTO
`
`Date
`Entered
`or
`Counted
`
`PATENT APPLICATION
`r lAPPROVED FOR, LICENSE
`.III III
`lji.l
`':l
`lll
`
`08899476
`
`:,
`
`SINITIALS
`
`CONTENTS
`
`Date
`eored
`Mailed
`
`papers.
`
`Q-9- as
`
`(FRONT)
`
`7
`
`

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`EXAMINER
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`SPEC. HAND
`FILE MAINT.
`DRAFTING
`
`7-
`
`INDEX OF CLAIMS
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`.
`
`51
`52
`53
`54
`55
`56
`57
`58
`59
`60
`61
`62
`63
`64
`65
`66
`67
`68
`69
`70
`71
`72
`73
`74
`75
`76
`77
`78
`79
`80
`81
`82
`83
`84
`85
`86
`87
`88
`89
`90
`91
`92
`93
`94.
`95
`96
`97
`98
`S99
`100
`
`SYMBOLS
`/ ................................. Rejected
`= ................................. Allowed
`(Through numberal) Canceled
`.
`+ ............................. Restricted
`N .............................. Non-elected
`I ................................. Interferference
`A .............................. Appeal
`0 .......:...................... Objected
`
`(LEFT INSIDE)
`
`9
`
`i1
`
`2 8
`3
`
`91
`
`(
`
`0
`11
`12
`7 13
`14
`S15
`to
`4 17
`4o
`18
`i. 19
`ly 20
`IS 21
`(C 22
`l1 23
`
`26
`27
`28
`29
`30
`31
`32
`33
`34
`35
`36
`37
`38
`39
`40
`41
`42
`43
`44
`45
`46
`47
`48
`49
`
`

`
`Staple Issue Slip Here
`
`ID NO.
`
`DATE
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`g -
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`P? .'
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`...
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`POSITION
`CLASSIFIER
`EXAMINER
`TYPIST
`VERIFIER
`CORPS CORR.
`SPEC. HAND
`FILE MAINT.
`DRAFTING
`
`_
`
`INDEX OF CLAIMS
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`Claim
`
`Date
`
`2
`
`:
`
`2
`3
`
`'8
`9
`0 10
`11
`S12
`1 13
`3 14
`15
`
`17
`- 18
`-1 19
`20
`1 21
`I 22
`1T 23
`I
`24
`125
`-I 26
`27
`28
`29
`30
`31
`32
`33
`34
`35
`36
`37
`38
`39
`40
`41
`42
`43
`44
`45
`46
`47
`48,
`49
`50
`
`I
`
`51
`52
`53
`54
`55
`56
`57
`58
`59
`60
`61
`82
`63
`64
`65
`66
`67
`68
`69
`70
`91
`72
`.73
`74
`75
`76
`77
`78
`79
`SYMBOLS
`80
`S................................. Rejected
`81
`-
`............................. ... Allowed
`. (Through numberal) Canceled
`82
`+ ............................. Restricted
`N ............................. Non-elected
`83
`I .................................
`Interference
`84
`A ............................. Appeal
`0 ..........................
`. Objected
`85
`86
`87
`88
`89
`90
`91
`92
`93
`94
`95
`96
`97
`98
`99
`100
`
`(LEFT iNSIDE)
`
`10
`
`

`
`____SEARCH
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`Date
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`Exmr.
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`(RIGHT OUTSIDE)
`
`12
`
`

`
`United States Patent [19]
`Cameron et al.
`
`[54] METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`MULTICARRIER SIMULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`[75]
`
`Inventors: Dennis Wayne Cameron, Jackson,
`Miss.; Walter Charles Roehr, Jr.,
`Reston, Va.; Jai P. Bhagat, Jackson,
`Miss.; Masood Garahi, Madison,
`Miss.; William D. Hays, Jackson,
`Miss.; David W. Ackerman,
`Washington, D.C.
`
`[73] Assignee: Destineer Corporation, Jackson, Miss.
`
`Appl. No.: 08/899,476
`Jul. 24, 1997
`
`Filed:
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`[63] Continuation of application No. 08/760,457, Dec. 6, 1996,
`abandoned, which is a continuation of application No.
`07/973,918, Nov. 12, 1992, Pat. No. 5,590,403.
`. . H04B 1/50
`Int. C 6 ......................... . . . . . ..................... .
`[51]
`[52] U.S. Cl ...................... 455/59; 455/102; 455/103
`[58] Field of Search ................................. 455/502, 503,
`455/507, 509, 515, 516, 517, 524, 59, 60,
`62, 63, 67.1, 67.3, 67.6, 101, 102, 103;
`375/260, 267, 299; 370/343, 344
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`II lllll llllllllll II IIII
`lII 111 l III Ill111111
`1111 1
`
`US005915210A
`[11] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`5,915,210
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`455/59
`
`455/59
`
`Kai et at ...............................
`12/1984
`4,490,830
`Lucas .
`3/1985
`4,506,384
`Thro ........................................
`2/1986
`4,570,265
`Dunkerton et al..
`10/1987
`4,701,758
`Freeburg.
`7/1989
`4,850,032
`Jasinski ...............................
`11/1990
`4,968,966
`Jasinski.
`7/1992
`5,128,934
`Koontz .
`5,163,181
`11/1992
`Wei ...................................... 375/299
`9/1993
`5,243,629
`Jasper et al..
`8/1994
`5,343,499
`Davis .
`2/1995
`5,392,452
`Tomisato et al .................... 455/101
`4/1996
`5,504,783
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`455/51.2
`
`4/1990
`WO 90/04314
`European Pat. Off..
`WIPO .................................
`11/1991
`W091/18458
`WIPO ................................
`7/1992
`W092/11707
`Primary Examiner--Thanh Cong Le
`Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow,
`Garrett & Dunner
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`455/101
`455/33.1
`
`A two-way communication system for communication
`betweeen a system network and a mobile unit. The system
`network includes a plurality of base transmitters and base
`receivers include in the network. The base transmitters are
`divided into zonal assignments and broadcast in simulcast
`using multi-carrier modulation techniques. The system net-
`work controls the base transmitters to broadcast in suimul-
`cast during both systemwide and zone boundaries to maxi-
`throughout. The preferred mobile unit
`mize information
`inlcudes a noise detector circuit to prevent unwanted trans-
`missions. The system network further provides an adaptive
`registration feature for mobile units which controls the
`registration operation by the mobile units to maximize
`information throughout.
`
`3,488,445
`3,914,554
`4,223,405
`4,244,047
`4,392,242
`
`1/1970
`10/1975
`9/1980
`1/1981
`7/1983
`
`Chang.
`Seidel .
`Hattori et al. ......................... 455/59
`Perkins .
`19 Claims, 30 Drawing Sheets
`455/34.1
`Kai .....................................
`
`606
`
`615
`BASE
`TRANSMITTER
`
`[BASE
`J
`-
`
`RECEIVER
`
`65(
`654 REGIONAL
`STATION
`
`6 10
`6
`
`614
`
`BASE
`TRANSMITTER
`
`IJ-622
`
`640
`
`[~652
`-
`BASE
`RECEIVER
`
`632
`
`613
`BASE
`TRANSMITTER
`
`618
`
`J""-5626
`MOBILE
`UNIT
`
`624
`24
`
`656
`
`. ,, 660
`.....
`
`-68
`
`BASE
`RECEIVER
`
`ZONE 1
`.630
`ZONE2
`
`608
`
`612 7
`BASE
`- 620
`TRANSMITTER
`
`616
`
`602
`
`804BASE
`r600
`
`NETWORK
`
`RECEIVER
`
`646
`
`648
`,644
`REGIONAL
`STATION
`
`13
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 1 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/ G. /
`PRIOR ART
`
`14
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 2 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`15
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 3 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 4 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 5 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`o
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`0=
`
`Ca-
`
`18
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 6 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 7 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 7
`
`Generating a system
`signal which includes
`blocks of information
`
`information
`a plurality of
`
`702
`
`Transmittin'g the system
`signal to the plurality of
`
`information
`transmitters
`
`704
`
`Transmitting by the first and second
`sets of transmitters a first block of
`information in simulcast during the first
`time period
`
`706
`
`1 X708
`
`710
`
`Transmitting by the first set of
`transmitters a second block of
`information during the second
`time period
`
`Transmitting by the second set of
`transmitters a third block of
`information during the second
`time period
`
`20
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 8 of 30
`F/G 8
`
`5,915,210
`
`800\
`
`Transmitting a message signal by a
`base transmitter servicing a zone
`where the mobile transceiver was. last
`known to be located
`
`802
`
`Transmitting a regional probe signal
`by a plurality of base transmitters
`servicing a plurality of zones if the
`mobile transceiver does not indicate
`receipt of the message signal from the
`base transmitter
`
`.804
`
`Receiving the regional
`the mobile transceiver
`
`probe signal by
`
`806
`
`808
`
`810
`
`Transmitting an acknowledgment
`signal by the mobile transceiver in
`response to the received regional
`probe signal
`
`Receiving the acknowledgment signal
`from the mobile transceiver by a base
`receiver
`
`I
`
`Updating the data to reflect the zone
`of the base receiver that received the
`acknowledgment signal as the last
`known location of the mobile
`transceiver
`
`21
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 9 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`0
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`
`22
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 10 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/G. /O
`
`1002
`
`S Wi
`
`1000
`
`,1022
`
`Signal
`out
`
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`1014
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`
`23
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 11 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 11
`
`1112
`
`1100
`
`6:
`
`1122
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 1
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 2
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 3
`
`-
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 4
`
`FREQUENCY
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL n
`
`24
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 12 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 12
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 1
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 2
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 3
`
`CONTROL
`SIGNAL 4
`
`FOUR CARRIER QUADRATURE MODULATOR
`
`25
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 13 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`26
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 14 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`27
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`c Q
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`i
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 15 of 30
`
`5,915,210
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`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 16 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 17 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /7
`
`Mobile Receiver
`
`1700
`
`1514
`
`30
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 18 of 30
`
`5,915,210
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 19 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. /9
`
`.1802
`
`1810
`
`1908
`
`32
`
`1808
`Regional
`Processing
`Circuitry
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 20 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`L EO00
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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 21 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`F/G. 2/
`
`2102
`
`2104
`
`2106
`
`User 1
`
`ID#
`
`Last
`Location
`
`Transmit
`Capability?
`
`2108
`
`2110
`
`Service Area
`
`Button Format
`--------------------
`
`Rec'd
`
`Message
`----------- ____
`-------------------
`I
`-----
`
`2100
`
`/
`
`,2112
`
`User 2
`
`ID#
`
`Last
`Location
`
`Transmit
`Capability?
`
`Service Area
`
`Message
`
`I Rec'd
`
`Button Format
`
`---------- __ I_ __
`-----------------------------
`
`--------------------
`
`User Database
`
`34
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 22 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22,1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 30
`
`5,95,210
`
`F/ G. 23
`
`Service Queue
`
`Current Messages
`Data Location
`ID#
`
`Probe List
`
`ID#
`
`Data Location
`
`2302
`
`2304.
`
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`36
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 24 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
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`37
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 25 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`10
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`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 26 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 26
`
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a first information
`signal and a second information
`signal, the first information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by a
`first set of base transmitters
`assigned to a first zone, and the
`second information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by a second
`set of base transmitters assigned to a
`second zone
`
`2600
`/.
`
`h2602
`
`Dynamically reassigning one or more
`of the base transmitters in the first set
`of base transmitters assigned to the
`first zone to the second set of base
`transmitters assigned to the second
`zone, thereby creating an updated
`first set of base transmitters and an
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`Transmitting substantially
`simultaneously a third information
`signal and a fourth information signal,
`the third information signal being
`transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated first set of base transmitters,
`and the fourth information signal
`being transmitted in simulcast by the
`updated second set of base
`transmitters
`
`2604
`
`2606
`
`39
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 27 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`OO O C
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 28 of 30
`
`5,915,210
`
`FIG. 28A)
`
`2800
`
`Send a message to disable the
`registration feature
`
`2802
`
`Store the number of probe
`signals sent and a number of
`messages successfully
`delivered
`
`Process the stored number of
`probe signals and number of
`messages succesfully
`delivered to evaluate a
`likelihood that a probe signal
`will be required to be sent by
`the network to locate the mobile
`transceiver
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to enable the mobile
`transceiver's capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`2804
`
`2806
`
`2808
`
`41
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Sheet 29 of 30
`Jun. 22, 1999
`FIG. 28(8)
`
`5,915,210
`
`2810
`
`Send a message to enable the
`registration feature
`
`2812
`
`Store the number of registration
`signals received and a number
`of messages successfully
`delivered
`
`,2814
`
`/2816
`
`Process the stored number of
`registration signals and
`number of messages
`succesfully delivered to
`evaluate a likelihood that a
`registration signal will be
`received by a base receiver in
`the network that will not be
`used by the network to
`determine a set of base
`transmitters to be operated to
`transmit a message to the
`mobile transceiver
`
`2818
`
`/
`
`Send a message to the mobile
`unit to disable the mobile
`transceiver's capability to
`transmit a registration signal if
`the likelihood exceeds a
`selected value
`
`42
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Jun. 22, 1999
`
`Sheet 30 of 30
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`5,915,210
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`1
`METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`MULTICARRIER SIMULCAST
`TRANSMISSION
`
`This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
`08/760,457, filed Dec. 6, 1996, now abandoned, which is a
`Rule 60 continuation of prior application Ser. No. 07/973,
`918, filed Nov. 12, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,403.
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`A. Field of the Invention
`The present invention relates to methods and systems for
`providing two-way communication capability between a
`central network and a mobile unit over a relatively large
`area, and more particularly to such methods and systems
`which allow for rapid communication of large messages and
`efficient use of system resources.
`B. Description of the Related Art
`Conventional two-way portable/mobile wireless messag-
`ing systems often provide a variety of services to subscrib-
`ers. Conventional messaging systems in particular provide
`one-way services using store and forward techniques to
`mobile receivers carried by the subscriber. A fundamental
`goal of two-way messaging systems is to provide a network
`of interconnected transmitters and receivers which provides
`sufficient transmitted signal strength and receive capability
`to uniformly cover a geographic region. Some conventional
`messaging systems provide the message to the user on a
`small viewing screen on the mobile unit.
`However, such conventional systems often suffer from
`problems associated with low system throughput, evidenced
`by slow message delivery and message size limitations and
`do not provide an acknowledgment feature wherein the
`mobile unit transmits an acknowledgment signal to the
`system to acknowledge receipt of the message from the
`system. Generally, system throughput refers to overall com-
`munication capability of a system as defined by the total
`amount of message data from the system to the mobile units
`transferred by the system during a given period of time
`divided by the frequency bandwidth necessary to transmit
`the message data and may be measured in bits transferred
`per Hz. Further, such conventional systems suffer from
`technical problems preventing consistent wide area cover-
`age and would require extremely wide portions of valuable
`frequency bandwidth to achieve acceptable system through-
`put rates.
`Simulcast technology in communication systems was
`originally developed to extend transmitter coverage beyond
`that which could be obtained from a single transmitter. Over
`time, however, simulcasting has evolved into a technique
`capable of providing continuous coverage to a large area.
`Generally, simulcast
`technology provides multiple
`transmitters, operating on substantially the same frequencies
`and transmitting the same information positioned to cover
`extended areas. As shown in FIG. 1, transmitter 100 gener-
`ally provides coverage over area A, D, and E, transmitter
`102 generally provides coverage over area B, D, and E, and
`transmitter 104 generally provides coverage over area C, E,
`and F. In some cases, the coverage area of a first transmitter
`may be entirely enclosed within the coverage area of another
`transmitter, such as in building interiors and valleys. In areas
`where one (and only one) transmitter dominates (e.g., areas
`A, B, and C in FIG. 1), simulcast is effective because the
`other transmitters do not significantly affect receivers in
`those areas.
`However, in "overlap" areas D, E, and F shown in FIG. 1,
`where the signals from two or more transmitters are approxi-
`
`mately equal, problems can arise because destructive inter-
`ference of signals occurs in these overlap areas such as areas
`D, E, and F. Destructive interference occurs when the two
`signals are equal in magnitude and 180 ° out of phase and
`s completely cancel each other. While there were some
`successes, reliable design procedures were not available.
`Attempting to precisely synchronize the carrier frequen-
`cies of all simulcast transmitters does not overcome the
`problem because points (i.e. nodes) at which destructive
`10 summing occurred persisted for long periods of time. At
`such points, a mobile receiver can not receive the simulcast
`signal.
`Deliberately offsetting the carrier frequencies of adjacent
`transmitters can ensure that destructive interference does not
`15 persist at one point for an extended period of time. The slight
`errors in frequency displayed by high quality reference
`oscillators (e.g., 20 hertz errors in 100 MHz signals or a few
`parts in 107) render deliberate offsetting unnecessary.
`Further, merely offsetting the carrier frequencies could not
`20 guarantee acceptable quality demodulation because proper
`alignment of the modulating signals in time is also required.
`FIG. 2 displays the situation at, for example, point D in
`FIG. 1 when modulating waveforms are synchronized and
`25 includes coverage boundary 202 from a first transmitter and
`a second transmitter coverage boundary 204 from a second
`adjacent transmitter. An equi-signal boundary 200 exists
`where the signals from the first and second transmitters have
`approximately equal signal strengths. A more realistic equi-
`30 signal boundary would take into account natural and man-
`made topography and propagation conditions, and therefore
`would probably not be a straight line.
`FIGS. 3 and 4 generally illustrate various signals as they
`may occur at or near the equi-signal boundary 200 as shown
`in FIG. 2. In particular, FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate various
`aspects of modulation synchronization and how altering
`transmission parameters may affect the synchronization. In
`general, there are at least three sources which cause the
`signals from the first transmitter and the second transmitter
`40 to be out of synchronization: (1) timing shifts in the delivery
`of the modulating waveform to each of the transmitters; (2)
`timing shifts internal to each transmitter; and (3) timing
`shifts caused by propagation distances and anomalies. From
`the perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area, these
`45 three sources of timing shifts combine to produce an overall
`timing shifts between the received signals from the first and
`second transmitters. In current commercial practice, the
`summation of these three components results in time shifts
`of about 200 microseconds. The timing shift present in
`50 simulcast systems disadvantageously limits the baud rate at
`which information may be transferred. In general, FIGS. 3
`and 4 will also illustrate how timing shifts prevents high
`baud rate transmissions.
`A time line representation of a signal 306 from a first
`55 transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(A) and a signal 308 from a
`second transmitter is shown in FIG. 3(B), both from the
`perspective of a receiver located in an overlap area. Vertical
`dashed lines 300 represent baud intervals on the time axis.
`As can be seen from FIGS. 3(A) and (B), the signals 306 and
`60 308 are frequency modulated between a high and a low
`frequency value and the signals 306 and 308 are exactly in
`phase. As will be appreciated, the timing shift between
`signals 306 and 308 must be small when compared to the
`baud interval shown in FIGS. 3(A) and (B) since signals 306
`65 and 308 are in synchronization. Of course, as the baud
`interval decreases, the timing shifts will likely cause signals
`306 and 308 to be out of synchronization.
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`FIGS. 3(C), (D), and (E) show the summation of these
`two signals 306 and 308 at an equi-signal boundary, such as
`boundary 200 in FIG. 2. FIG. 3(C) shows a composite signal
`310 indicating that the frequency information remains
`unchanged, FIG. 3(D) shows a linear graph 312 of the
`relative phase difference caused by a slight carrier frequency
`difference between the signals from the first transmitter and
`the second transmitter. FIG. 3(E) shows a composite ampli-
`tude signal 314. A noise threshold is indicated by the
`horizontal dashed line 304 in FIG. 3(E).
`Of interest, FIG. 3(E) shows the composite amplitude
`signal 314 dipping below the noise threshold 304 at an
`anti-phase condition 302 (e.g., when the relative phase angle
`is ±180°, as shown in FIG. 3(D)). As can be seen from FIG.
`3(E), the anti-phase condition 302 caused by the slight phase
`shift between transmitter 1 and transmitter 2 will not cause
`any loss of data because the anti-phase condition persists for
`only a small portion of the baud interval.
`The slight offset of the carrier frequencies between the
`first and second transmitters causes a slow drift of the
`relative phase of the two signals, as shown in FIG. 3(D).
`When the signals are ±180 ° out of phase, the temporary dip
`in the amplitude signal may cause the loss of a few bits in
`the composite signal, at worst. These errors can be counter-
`acted with a conventional error correcting code, such as is
`commonly known.
`FIG. 4 shows a set of similar signals to those in FIG. 3,
`but wherein the signal 402 from the first transmitter is offset
`from, or out of synchronization with, the signal 404 from the
`second transmitter by a full baud. In particular, signal 404
`lags signal 402 by one baud interval. As previously
`discussed, the offset of signals 402 and 404 may be caused
`by various timing shifts in the delivery of both signals 402
`and 404 to a receiver in an overlap area. FIGS. 4(A) and (B)
`illustrate the extreme case where the sum of these timing
`shifts is equal to the baud interval shown by dashed lines
`400. As can be seen in FIG. 4(C), composite signal 406
`includes a period of indeterminate frequency which unde-
`sirably covers several entire baud intervals and, therefore,
`successful demodulation is impossible during those baud
`intervals. If the baud interval were increased to minimize the
`effect of these timing shifts, data loss would be less likely.
`Therefore, it can be seen that the baud rate at which good
`data transfer can be accomplished is limited by the timing
`shifts between signals delivered to receivers in overlap
`areas.
`Through these examples, it can be seen that high degrees
`of modulation synchronization make it possible to obtain
`good data demodulation in a simulcast system. However, the
`baud rate limitation of simulcast systems is a significant
`drawback and limits system throughput.
`An alternative
`to simulcast for wide area coverage is
`assignment of orthogonal, non-overlapping subdivisions of
`the available system capacity to adjacent areas. Subdivisions
`can be made in time (e.g., broadcasting the information on
`the same frequency in different time slots to adjacent areas),
`or in frequency (e.g., broadcasting the information simulta-
`neously on different frequencies in adjacent areas). There are
`several problems with such orthogonal systems, however.
`First, orthogonal assignments require tuning the receiver to
`the assigned frequency or time channel for the area in which
`the receiver currently resides. In the bro