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`Self-Organized Management Trend of LTE- ZTE Corporation
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`W7e,c3 1\ilmlagernent Trend of LTE (cid:9)
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`2008-10-14 Miao Baotong
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`Long Term Evolution (LIE) is a new emerging technology that has been under the study of 3GPP for the (cid:9)
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`recent two years. As a 40 technology, it has many enhancements over the 30 wireless technologies. It
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`adopts OFON/I and MIMO techniques for the transmission over the wireless carrier. LIE provides a data rate
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`of 100Mbps for the downlink and 50Mbps for the uplink over a spectrum of 20MHz, with an improved cell-
`edge performance, increased capacity and reduced latency. (cid:9)
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`The mobile communication industry has great expectations with LTE and will provide long-term investments (cid:9)
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`for the wireless communication industry. Most of the biggest operators such as Vodafone, T-Mobile, France
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`Telecom and Sweden TeliaSonera are ready to launch LTE in near future. It is expected that LTE-based
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`network systems will be put into commercial use in the fourth quarter of 2009.
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`Self-organized management of LTE has evolved toward a new automatic management trend. To reduce the
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`complexity in LIE network management, ZTE simplifies its network management architecture by combining
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`the Element Management Layer (EML) with the Network Management Layer (WL). Therefore, some
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`complicated network management functions are transplanted to the EMI., making the standard southbound
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`interfaces possible,
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`Introduction to LIE EPS
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`The Core Network (CN) of LIE is evolved and defined as Evolved Packet Core Network (EPC) consisting of
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`the Mobility Management Entities (MME) and Serving Gateway (S-OW). The Universal Terrestrial Radio
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`Access Network (UTRAN) is evolved to Evolved UTRAN (EUTRAN). The EPC and EUTRAN together are
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`called Evolved Packet System (EPS). The general architecture of LIE EPS is shown in Figure 1.
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`Figure 1 EPS architecture
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`ZTE/HTC v. Evolved Wireless IPR2016-00757
`Evolved Wireless, LLC Exhibit 2003-001
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`Compared with traditional 3GPP wireless networks, LIE incorporates_ the following major technical
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`http://wwwen.zte.com .cn/endata/magazine/ztetechnologies/2008year/no10/articles/200810/t20081014 162125. htm I (cid:9)
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`Exhibit 2003-001
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`1/4
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`(cid:9)
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`8/27/2016
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`Self­Organized Management Trend of LTE ­ ZTE Corporation
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`advantages: high data rate, packet transfer, low latency, high capacity and backward compatibility. LTE
`accomplishes revolutionary change to the whole 3GPP network structure and incorporates typical IP
`broadband network properties. In the LTE EUTRAN, the Radio Network Controller (RNC) is eliminated from
`the data path and its functions are incorporated into the evolved NodeB (eNB). This structure simplifies
`network construction and thus satisfies the operators' requirements of low latency, low complexity and low
`cost.
`LTE SON Standards and Development Trends 
`In addition to existing UMTS management standards, the management of EPS will follow the Self­Organized
`Network (SON) mechanism such as self­configuration, self­optimization, information model discovery and
`development of P2P interfaces. The general architecture and interfaces of EPS Network Management (NM)
`system are illustrated in Figure 2. It is the top priority of telecom industry that the EPS NM system supports
`multi­vendor equipment management capabilities. The itf­s southbound interfaces between OMCs and eNBs
`should be standardized. But some equipment suppliers are not ready to be agreeing with this open standard.
`The southbound interface standardization finally depends on how operators endeavor to convince the
`suppliers of that.
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`3GPP has four Technical Specification Groups (TSGs): Core Networks and Terminals (CTs), Radio Access
`Network (RAN), Services and Systems Aspects (SAs) and GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN). The
`3GPP SA working group 5 (SA5) is in charge of telecom management, aiming to keep pace with 3G mobile
`network technologies and specify the relative management framework and requirements.
`At the 3GPP TSG SA Plenary Meeting #34 held in Budapest, Hungary in December 2006, the LTE special
`topic proposed by Ericsson was approved.
`At the 3GPP TSG SA5 Meeting #59 held in Chengdu, China in April 2008, the SON working group was
`established to discuss the relevant topics concerning eNB self­discovery, self­installation, self­configuration,
`self­optimization and self­recovery. Major carriers like Vodafone and T­Mobile requested that suppliers should
`complete their standards as quickly as possible.
` At the 3GPP TSG SA5 Meeting #59bis held in June 2008, over 20 carrier and supplier representatives
`attended the meeting, and about 25 proposals were submitted. The topics for discussion include self­
`establishment of eNodeB, ANR management, self­optimization and SON for Home NodeB. At the meeting,
`some carriers recommended that OMCs should be cancelled and eNodeBs should be connected directly to
`the upper NMS, but some agreed to keep the OMCs by cutting the cost.
`ZTE has been playing an active role in studying and drafting the 3GPP SON standards since its 3GPP
`Standards Research Department was founded in 2007. Being the chairman of SA5 OAM working group, ZTE
`earned firstly a reporter's seat in the 3GPP for study of LTE/SON related topics. Its topic of "Study on Self­
`Healing" won the full support of all major carriers such as Vodafone, T­mobile, Telecom Italia and Telefonica.
`At the 3GPP TSG SA5 Meeting #60 held in July 2008, ZTE's proposal of "Self­Healing Overview" was
`approved by all attendants, and its use cases including Software Self­recovery, Data Self­recovery and Alarm
`Self­recovery were submitted for discussion. ZTE will continue their study and give the specific solutions. 
`
`Telecom operators are attaching more and more importance to network operation and maintenance costs.
`The essence of network management thus lies on how to reduce OPEX. It is a tendency to use less control
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`http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztetechnologies/2008year/no10/articles/200810/t20081014_162125.html
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`2/4
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`Exhibit 2003-002
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`8/27/2016
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`Self­Organized Management Trend of LTE ­ ZTE Corporation
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`nodes to reduce the costs. The OMCs may be finally eliminated and the eNBs will be connected directly to the
`upper NMS. But presently unified access and management, easy operation and maintenance, and high
`performance are still our major concern.
`ZTE's Unified EMS SON Solution 
`To manage different types of Network Elements (NEs), ZTE adopts a unified Element Management System
`(EMS) that can provide all EML and some NML functions except the upper Service Management Layer (SML)
`and Business Management Layer (BML) functions. The unified EMS solution helps operators implement
`flexible networking, unified deployment and centralized management while lowering the costs. ZTE puts
`forward the SON solution based on the unified EMS and its architecture is shown in Figure 3.
`
`ZTE's unified EMS platform delivers comprehensive set of functions such as fault management, performance
`management, configuration management, log management and system management. For the LTE SON,
`corresponding SON functions will be added. These SON functions include: 
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`Self­configuration: The self­configuration contains Plug­and­Play of eNBs, auto software installation, auto
`radio/transmission configuration, auto detection and auto adjacency management, which helps minimize the
`workload of maintenance staff.
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`Self­optimization: Network quality has always been the primary concern of carriers that require network
`optimization. However manual network optimization usually requires a long time and a great deal of
`manpower. The self­optimization feature of SON will reduce the extra efforts needed to implement adjacent
`cell optimization, coverage optimization, parameter optimization, MBMS network optimization, and dynamic
`switchover. 
`
`Self­recovery: ZTE has submitted the use cases of Software Self­recovery, Data Self­recovery and Alarm Self­
`recovery to the 3GPP TSG SA5 working group for approval, and will persist in the study of this domain to
`provide the final solution. 
`
`ZTE's unified EMS platform with uniform user interfaces and ease­of­use features makes possible unified
`access and management of EPC and eNBs. ZTE keeps a close watch on and intends to be very supportive of
`the standardization work on southbound interfaces. 
` 
` 
`The SON solution is flexible enough to be transplanted to other existing NM products or wireless NEs to boost
`their competitiveness. ZTE keeps tracing the development of LTE SON standards and enhances
`communication with carriers so that users' demands can be better satisfied.
`Conclusion 
`The ultimate goal of future Network Management System (NMS) is to enable unified access and management
`of all network devices with easy operation, high performance and low cost. ZTE's unified EMS solution makes
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`http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztetechnologies/2008year/no10/articles/200810/t20081014_162125.html
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`3/4
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`Exhibit 2003-003
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`

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`8/27/2016
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`Self­Organized Management Trend of LTE ­ ZTE Corporation
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`it possible for carriers to move from distributed maintenance to centralized management. With additional SON
`functions, it helps carriers enhance their competitiveness while considerably lowering the operation and
`maintenance costs. 
`
`Previous: ZTE's EduStation: Green Communication in Ethiopia's Education 
`Next: ZTE's Unified EMS Solution
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`http://wwwen.zte.com.cn/endata/magazine/ztetechnologies/2008year/no10/articles/200810/t20081014_162125.html
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`4/4
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`Exhibit 2003-004