throbber
\_/{e.w9{ai*aw’ X0) Lgmjgn)
`
`V
`
`\[lEWDA'l'
` AND
`VIDEOTEXT,
`1 930-81 :r
`A
`Worldwide
`Report
`
`Transcript of viewdata ’80,
`first world conference 4
`on viewdata, videotex, and teletext
`
`
`
`KFIOWIGCIQG Industry Publications, Inc.
`White Plains, New York
`'
`
`PMC Exhibitzosg
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 1
`
`{
`
`EE
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 1
`
`

`
`Viewdata and Videotext, 1980-81: A Worldwide Report
`
`Transcript of Viewdata ’80, first world conference on Viewdata, videotex and teletext, London,
`March 26-28, 1980
`
`ISBN 0-914236-77-6
`
`LC: 80-18234
`
`This title is being published simultaneously in the United Kingdom under the title: Videotex, Viewdata
`& Teletext
`
`Copyright © 1980 by Online Conferences Ltd.
`
`Published by Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc. in conjunction with Online Conferences Ltd. No
`part of this book may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the written permission of the
`publisher, Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc., 2 Corporate Park Drive, White Plains, New ‘York
`10604.
`
`.
`.
`.
`.
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple V. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 2
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 2
`
`

`
`iii
`
`Introduttion & Preface
`
`;ԤV
`
`The use of themubiquitous TV set as an information display and
`interactive personal electronic communication device will bring
`dramatic changes to 'the way in which we conduct our day—to—day lives .
`The effect will at first be most apparaent in business with the easy
`availability of computer—stored information and the ability to send and
`receive mail electronically. The effect will then become apparent in
`
`the home with the TV set gradually enhancing its primary role of
`
`entertainment device to incorporate information acquisition, computer-
`aided education and electronic message transmission.
`
`This book comprises written back—up to the presentations given at
`Viewdata '80 — The First World Conference on Viewdata, Videotex and
`Teletext.
`
`To ensure that the preprints are as up—to—date as possible,
`
`the authors
`
`have supplied them to us in camera-ready form which does not allow
`
`for editing and for this reason we would ask for your understanding
`with some of the overseas papers where English is not the author's
`native language.
`In orderto keep the book as up—to—date as possible,
`the papers have been printed in random order.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 3
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 3
`
`

`
`E
`
`~
`
`T
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 4
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 4
`
`

`
`Content:
`
`Videotex activities in Canada:
`
`a status report
`
`Information provider activities
`in Canada
`
`G I-Iaslam
`VISPAC, Canada
`
`Telidon and education in Canada
`
`" P G Bowers
`
`M Cioni
`
`Ontario Educational
`
`Communications Authority,
`Canada
`
`Videotex services: network and
`
`A M Chitnis
`
`terminal alternatives
`
`I M Costa
`
`Be1l—Northern Research , Canada
`
`Telidon technology development
`in Canada
`
`H G Bown
`C D O Brien
`
`W Sawchuk
`
`Federal Department of
`
`Communications, Canada
`
`An overview of the Canadian
`
`D F Parkhill
`
`scene
`
`Federal Department of
`Communications, Canada
`
`From "pots" to "pans" —
`
`I» Fraser
`
`Videotex development in Canada
`
`Bell Canada
`
`Videotex activities in France:
`
`a status report
`
`The télématique programme in
`France
`
`R D Bright
`SOPRITEL, France
`
`the planned French
`Teletel,
`Videotex service
`
`M Termens
`Direction Générale des
`
`Tél écommunications , Franc e
`
`Development & applications of the
`Antiope—Didon technology
`
`I Guillermin
`SOFRATEV, France
`
`Plans and projection for the
`electronic directory service
`
`I P Maury
`Direction Generale des
`Telecommunications, France
`‘
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`7
`
`485
`
`547
`
`559
`
`603
`
`19
`
`25
`
`29
`
`39
`
`PMC EXhibit2039
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 5
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 5
`
`

`
`vi
`
`Viewdata activities in the UK: A status report
`
`Prestel operational strategy
`
`P Troughton
`BPO Telecommunications
`
`51
`
`The electronic newspaper
`
`P McC Montague
`
`The Birmingham Post & Mail, UK 63
`
`Providing business information
`S
`
`B Botten
`Pintel, UK
`
`73
`
`What kind of pictures for
`
`K E Clarke
`
`videotex?
`
`Post Office Research Centre, UK 83
`
`videotex activities in the USA:
`
`a status report
`
`A videotex trial
`
`S Berkman
`
`American Telephone &
`
`Telegraph Co. , USA
`
`A public broadcaster's view of
`
`H Gunn
`
`teletext in the United States
`
`KCET, USA
`
`G W Harper
`
`Teletext Con sul tant , USA
`
`447
`
`477
`
`The role of the television
`
`W S Ciciora
`
`5 33
`
`receiver manufacturer in the
`
`Zenith Radios Corp. , USA
`
`United States
`
`videotex and the newspaper
`business
`
`W T Maguire
`American Newspaper Publishers
`
`583
`
`An experiment with computer-
`
`based educational services in
`a general public environment
`
`Association, USA
`
`F K Morioka
`
`613
`
`Control Data Corporation, USA
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 6
`
`if1,
`ii,
`i
`
`I
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 6
`
`

`
`vii
`
`Videotex activities in Japan:
`
`a status report
`
`\ CAPTAIN system features
`
`T Kumamoto
`S Ohkoshi
`
`Conception of CAPTAIN system
`
`Nippon Telegraph &
`
`Telephone Public Corp.
`
`Iapan
`
`/
`K Yasuda
`Ministry of Posts &
`
`Telecommunications , Japan
`
`93
`
`107
`
`The index system of the CAPTAIN
`system experimental service
`
`R Inoue
`
`I
`
`113
`
`CAPTAIN Center, Iapan
`
`The Co-operative Association of
`
`N Kurushima
`
`123
`
`CAPTAIN ‘Information Providers
`and present state of information
`
`supply for the experimental service
`
`The Yomiuri Shimbun, Japan
`
`Videotex developments in Germany,
`Countries
`\
`
`the Netherlands & the Nordic
`
`Viewdata in the Netherlands
`
`P I G M Ruiten
`Netherlands Postal &
`
`Telecommunications Services
`
`TELSET,
`
`the Finnish Viewdata
`
`O Barlund
`
`system
`
`Oy Softplan, Finland
`P Iaakola
`
`Sanoma Publishing Co. ,
`Finland
`
`Viewdata & electronic administration
`
`International business
`
`applications of Viewdata
`
`W Shrimpton
`
`Logica, UK
`
`Workstations in the electronic
`
`A N Tantawi
`
`office
`
`M M Mourad
`
`Laboratoire IMAG, France
`
`a practical medium
`Viewdata:
`for electronic mail
`
`R Camrass
`Butler Cox & Partners, UK
`
`The role of Viewdata in
`e1 ec tronic fund s transfer
`
`R P Park C
`Inter— Bank Research
`
`Organisation, UK
`
`133
`
`139
`
`147
`
`159
`
`173
`
`185
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 7
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 7
`
`

`
`viii
`
`Design and evaluation of videotexgviewdata services
`
`Methods of designing and
`evaluating videotex
`
`H B Thomas
`
`R Pye
`Communications Studies and
`
`Planning, UK
`
`The common sense of trying out
`videotex
`
`R Iohansen
`Institute for the Future, USA
`
`Vista:
`
`leading to the successful
`
`L G. Wilson
`
`implementation of videotex in
`Canada
`
`Bell Canada
`
`Market projections for videotexgviewdata developments
`
`The emerging markets for
`videotex
`
`R Woolfe
`
`Butler Cox & Partners
`
`Advertising on viewdata & teletext
`
`Prestel:
`
`the opportunity for
`
`C Powell
`
`advertising
`
`Boase, Massimi Pollitt
`Univas, UK
`
`International videotex standards
`
`videotex standardization — a
`
`‘B Marti
`
`203
`
`461
`
`573
`
`217
`
`233
`
`247
`
`French viewpoint
`
`CCETT, France
`C Schwartz
`
`Direction Générale des
`
`Télécommunications, France
`
`Toward s videotex standard S
`
`G v Bochmann
`
`253
`
`I Gecsei
`
`University of Montreal
`Canada
`
`Future utilization of interactive
`
`R. Zimmermann
`
`263
`
`and broadcast videotex in
`
`Germany and its “effects on
`standardization
`
`Dornier System, FRG
`
`International videotex
`standardization:
`a Canadian
`
`I C Smirle
`Y F Lum
`
`view of progress to*' ards the
`wired world
`
`H G Bown
`Federal Department of
`Communications , Canada
`
`
`
`271
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 8
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 8
`
`

`
`ix
`
`Electronic publishing
`
`Prestel user market research
`
`K Watson
`
`K
`
`281
`
`Eastel Services, UK
`
`Prestel as a publishing medium:
`the elements of success or
`failure
`
`R Winsbury
`Fintel, UK
`
`S
`
`285
`
`Electronic publishing and the
`Government
`
`Sir Iohn Barran
`Central Office of
`
`Information, UK
`
`Prestel and the law
`
`S Ca.stell
`
`Infolex Services, UK
`
`Private viewdata systems
`
`STC's approach to in-house
`
`viewdata systems
`
`F A Heys
`
`STC, UK
`R E Cooke
`H W Toze
`
`R L Williams
`
`STL, UK
`
`IVS-V3 as a private viewdata
`system
`
`A R Haimes
`Systems Designers, UK
`
`Prestel, the private system or
`both?
`
`M G Smith
`Intext, UK
`
`Private viewdata systems
`
`A Korda
`GEC viewdata Systems, UK
`
`295
`
`301
`
`313.
`
`323
`
`337
`
`515
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 9
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 9
`
`

`
`International teletext review
`
`Britains teletext services are
`a commercial success
`
`G Morgan
`
`Broadcast text information in
`
`B Marti
`
`France
`
`CCETT, France
`
`341
`
`359
`
`Teletext in the Federal
`
`U Mes serschmid
`
`I
`
`431
`
`Republic of Germany
`
`Institut fur Rundfunktechnik
`FRG
`
`Appropriate Technology for
`text broadcasting
`
`.
`
`$
`E Somers
`Electronic Text/Graphics
`Consultant, USA
`
`_Ereste1 & the travel industry
`
`Videotel
`
`I F Courtney
`
`Courtney Sears Marketing, UK
`
`The place of viewdata in
`relation to other communications
`
`D M Adams
`A Montgomery-Smith‘
`
`techniques in the travel industry:
`
`Thomas Cook Group, UK
`
`a personal view
`
`Prestel and the travel industry
`
`M Davis
`
`Baric Computing Services Ltd
`UK
`
`Telesoftware & end—user computing
`
`The use of MicroCobol for
`
`E C Sedman
`
`telesoftware
`
`CAP-CPP MicroProducts, UK
`
`Broadcast telesoftware:
`experience with ORACLE
`
`I Hedger
`ORACLE (ITCA), UK
`
`499
`
`371
`
`379
`
`595
`
`399
`
`413
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 10
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 10
`
`

`
`xi
`
`Educational agglications for viewdata
`
`Viewdata — implications for
`
`M H Aston
`
`467
`
`education
`
`Advisory Unit for Computer
`
`Based Education, UK
`
`An evaluation of viewdata for
`
`I M Maslin
`
`training in industry
`'
`
`\
`
`M Y Gates
`PIRA. UK
`
`
`
`?§

`
`w"
`
`23;
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 11
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 11
`
`

`
`
`
`253
`
`
`
`Towards Videotex Standards *
`
`Gregor v. Bochmann ** and Jan Gecsei
`
`De artement d'informati ue et de recherche o erationnelle
`P
`Q
`P
`Universite de Montreal
`Canada
`C
`
`Videotex
`is a generic name for a class of information services based
`on a modified home TV set with a
`keypad
`for user
`feedback. while
`center
`present
`system designs
`around a page—oriented database for
`to
`the general public,
`future
`interest
`information retrieval of
`probably evolve
`towards
`a generalized
`videotex
`systems will
`information utility with innumerable applications.
`In order to enable
`orderly growth of videotex technology, a framework of
`standards
`and
`conventions
`is needed. This paper attempts to identify the functions
`in videotex systems, for which standard communication protocols will
`be needed. These functions are discussed on the background of the ISO
`reference model for Open Systems Interworking.
`
`the National Sciences and
`
`Stanford
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmemPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page12
`
`is partly supported by
`* This work
`Engineering Council Canada.
`** Presently on leave at
`the Computer
`University.
`
`Systems Laboratory,
`
`Copyright4© l98O by Online Conferences Ltd.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 12
`
`

`
`254
`
`1 — INTRODUCTION
`
`a class of information
`for
`name
`the generic
`is
`Videotex
`a
`keypad
`for user
`services based on a modified home TV set with
`feedback. This
`terminal
`is
`connected through various transmission
`media to a computer providing the necessary processing and
`database
`services. The most often used transmission channels in today's systems
`are telephone lines and TV transmission.
`
`and
`
`Two broad categories of systems can be recognized:
`One—way
`systems, where interaction exists only between the user
`(a)
`(keypad) and the terminal, and
`the
`and
`(b)
`two-way systems with full interaction between the user
`service
`computer. Except
`for
`the
`limitation of the usual keypad
`(which can be easily overcome),
`there is
`little difference
`between
`the potential
`of
`such interactive videotex systems and any general
`purpose computer system. The actual difference is
`that videotex is
`intended to
`cater to the general public;
`therefore its initial cost
`and complexity should be acceptable to the non— expert users. As
`a
`result,
`the initial application chosen in practically all systems is
`retrieval of
`information of general
`interest
`from public,
`page
`oriented databases. However,
`it should be kept
`in mind that in the
`future videotex will probably
`evolve
`towards
`a
`generalized
`information utility with
`innumerable
`sometimes unforseeable
`applications.
`Functional and technical descriptions of many present
`available in the literature [1,2].
`
`systems
`
`are
`
`that videotex technology involves a large
`seen
`be
`can
`It
`interworking components
`such
`as
`terminals,
`TV sets,
`of
`number
`networks,
`national
`and
`international
`data networks,
`telephone
`computers and databases. These components are designed, manufactured
`and operated by many organizations.
`In order to enable orderly growth
`of videotex technology, a framework of standards and conventions must
`be provided.
`Some recent proposals in this direction are e.g. for a
`terminal—independent
`scheme
`of
`information coding
`[1],
`and
`for
`layered terminal capabilities [3].
`
`to identify the functions of
`The present paper is an attempt
`a videotex system, for which standard protocols will
`be
`eventually
`desirable. Some of these protocols should be standardized soon, while
`other
`functions
`are not yet well understood at the present. We take
`the ISO model for Open Systems
`[4] as a reference for our discussion.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmemPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page13
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 13
`
`

`
`
`
`255
`
`2 — THE ISO REFERENCE MODEL FOR OPEN SYSTEMS
`
`The subcommittee SC 16 of ISO TC 97 has
`
`defined a
`
`standard
`
`for the architecture of systems that are "open"
`[4]
`reference model
`for interworking with other systems in a distributed environment. The
`model distinguishes several
`layers of
`communication protocols.
`The
`functions
`provided by
`the different
`layers may be characterized as
`follows:
`
`networks,
`
`_
`transmission of unstructured bit sequences.
`layer:
`(1) Physical
`(2) Link layer: control of
`logical
`links between systems
`components,
`data transmission with error recovery.
`(3) Network
`layer:
`routing through
`virtual packet-switched circuits.
`in
`between processes
`(4) Transport
`layer:
`logical
`connections
`different
`computers, uniform data transport service independent of
`the underlying physical
`transmission medium.
`(5) Session layer: control of sessions over logical connections.
`(6) Presentation layer: representation and coding of data structures,
`such as characters, display formats, etc.
`(7) Application layer: "applications" using the services provided by
`lower
`layers,
`distributed system management
`such as collecting
`statistics on traffic, reporting of failures, etc.
`
`circuit switching,
`
`
`
`relatively
`architecture are
`the
`layers of
`While the lower
`exemplified by existing communication protocol
`understood
`and
`well
`levels
`are presently under
`study
`for
`the
`standards,
`the higher
`development
`of
`international
`protocol
`standards. Among
`these
`standards being developed,
`the Virtual Terminal protocol
`is
`closely
`related to the videotex terminal functions discussed below.
`
`3 — PROTOCOL FUNCTIONS FOR VIDEOTEX APPLICATIONS
`
`give in this section a preliminary list of functions that
`We
`must be handled by the database system through interaction with
`the
`terminals,
`other
`database
`systems,
`and possibly administrative
`entities.
`These
`interactions
`are
`governed
`by
`appropriate
`communication protocols. We
`explain each function, and indicate in
`which layer of
`the ISO reference model it would probably
`reside.
`If
`appropriate we
`also mention existing protocols that may be used for
`these functions
`in
`the videotex framework.
`It
`is
`clearly very
`important,
`in adopting
`standards
`for
`the present simple videotex
`applications,
`to avoid the dangers of early standardization [3],
`and
`ensure
`upward
`compatibility
`with
`future
`more
`sophisticated
`applications.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmemPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page14
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 14
`
`

`
`256
`
`the
`the protocol functions mentioned below involve
`Most of
`system and
`the user's
`terminal. It is important
`to note
`database
`that, depending on the intelligence of the terminal, many
`of
`these
`protocols may operate
`between
`the
`database
`on one side, and the
`terminal
`(or the user) on the other side, or between the terminal and
`user.
`
`in
`
`ads
`As an example, consider browsing through classified car
`order to find a used Datsun car. with a simple terminal,
`the user
`giving signals
`to
`proceed
`will sequentially read through the ads,
`the data. A terminal with plug—in intelligence might perform
`through
`a "Datsun" keyword
`search
`for
`the user,
`searching automatically
`through
`the
`car
`ads
`data segment and displaying only the relevant
`ads. Alternatively,
`the same intelligence may
`be
`down—line
`loaded
`from the database to the terminal,
`if the latter has telesoftware [7]
`capability. Apart
`from the telesoftware protocol,
`the database system
`executes in all cases a simple browsing protocol interacting with the
`user,
`or
`terminal.
`In the case of intelligent terminals, a keyword
`search protocol
`(defined as a sequence of user
`commands
`and
`system
`responses)
`specific
`to
`the plug—in intelligence or telesoftware is
`executed between the user and the terminal.
`Such
`a
`keyword
`search
`protocol may also be executed directly between a user and database if
`the
`latter
`supports
`such
`a
`facility. Only a simple terminal with
`character feedback would be needed.
`
`3.1 — Data transmission and session control
`
`an
`supported by
`be
`described below must
`functions
`The
`data
`transport
`and session control service between the
`appropriate
`database and the other system components, especially the
`terminals.
`These
`functions
`are provided by the Session layer of the ISO model
`and the layers below. We do not discuss these functions here.
`
`3.2 - Protocols for terminal operation
`
`called a
`be
`The following functions are part of what might
`videotex virtual
`terminal,
`and belong mostly to the presentation
`layer of
`the ISO model.
`
`3.2.1 — Display control
`
`be
`must
`data display that
`of
`aspects
`two
`are
`There
`the temporal
`the structure of displayed data, and (b)
`controlled:
`(a)
`order
`in which parts
`of
`an information segment are displayed (in
`simple systems this order is page by page).
`
`Compactness
`
`and
`
`For transmission,
`
`coded.
`be
`displayed must
`the data to be
`from terminal display characteristics
`independence
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmemPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page15
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 15
`
`

`
`
`
`257
`
`coding
`appropriate
`of
`choice
`the
`for
`important objectives
`are
`schemes. Depending on the type of information, different schemes may
`be used, such as the following:
`For textual
`information:
`— standard ASCII character set
`
`— ISO code extentions (e.g. for alpha—mosaic drawings)
`- display format Controls (e.g. for tables, annotation of diagrams)
`For graphical
`information with gray scale and colors:
`— Telidon PDI
`[1]
`'
`— ACM graphics standard [6]
`For photographic information:
`— Telidon PDI
`- facsimile
`For voice information:
`— PCM
`
`— compressed voice
`For video imagery (moving images):
`lead to
`— analog storage and/or transmission may be used, which
`hybrid system (analog for video and digital for data and control).
`All
`these coding schemes belong to the presentation layer of the ISO
`model.
`
`a
`
`Another aspect is the temporal order in which different parts
`of an information segment may
`be displayed. We distinguish the
`following cases:
`(a) Simultaneous display of the whole segment as a whole page.
`(b) Sequential display if the segment contains several pages. Roll
`mode (suitable for general text information)
`and
`page mode
`(for
`information
`organized
`as
`a
`sequence
`of
`display pages)
`are
`available.
`
`(c) Incremental display, where elements
`picture.
`(d)
`Interactive selection of complex display sequences, such as in
`the case of interactive manuals, courses, etc.
`
`an
`
`evolving
`
`are
`
`added
`
`to
`
`3.2.2 — Telesoftware [7]
`
`loading
`This function provides the possibility of
`and data into the terminal and initiating the execution.
`
`programs
`
`3.2.3 — User feedback
`
`Retrieval applications usually involve at least numerical and
`function feedback
`from a simple keypad. More sophisticated
`special
`applications may involve
`text
`(from an
`alphanumeric
`keypad)
`and
`possibly some graphic interaction (with a joystick or mouse).
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmemPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page16
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 16
`
`

`
`258
`
`3.2.4 — Option negotiation
`
`Option negotiation is the process of selecting the facilities
`and protocols
`that are to be used during a subsequent communication
`session. The negotiated facilities and protocols will depend
`on
`the
`application to be performed and on the capabilities of the involved
`terminal and database. They may
`include different
`display types,
`
`feedback options to be used, particular selection
`and
`telesoftware
`functions (see below)
`to be provided by
`the database,
`and
`the
`physical
`limits
`of
`the
`terminal
`such .as
`screen size, graphical
`capabilities, memory size for telesoftware, etc. A possible protocol
`scheme for negotiation is described in [8].
`
`3.3 - Information retrieval
`
`structure determines the procedures by which a
`database
`The
`user may retrieve information on
`the
`terminal
`(part
`of
`the
`ISO
`presentation layer).
`.Retrieval
`involves user feedback and different
`selection functions
`available
`in the database. Present videotex
`
`databases usually have a tree—like structure, where each node of the
`tree contains an information segment which itself may
`consist
`of
`a
`number
`of displayable pages.
`The
`so-far
`implemented
`selection
`functions include the following:
`(a) Direct selection of a
`data
`numerical identifier.
`
`by
`
`a
`
`user—given
`
`segment
`
`or
`
`Page
`
`responds
`the user
`choice procedures, where
`(b) Multiple
`displayed "menu" by choosing from a fixed set of alternatives.
`These functions involve only segment and page
`identifiers,
`but
`the information content of pages.
`
`to
`
`a
`
`not
`
`selection procedures are desirable for future
`
`powerful
`More
`applications, such as:
`(c) Keyword searches (a possible protocol is described in [9]).
`screen
`(d) General queries
`in
`formatted
`files
`and databases
`(a
`oriented query language is described in [IO]; different approaches
`to the use of natural language are discussed in [11]).
`and
`These selection procedures involve the content of data segments,
`usually require more processing in
`the database computer. A more
`detailed discussion of possible
`database
`structures
`and
`selection
`procedures for videotex may be found in [12].
`
`3.4 — Cooperation between databases
`
`include different
`Future videotex systems will probably
`databases cooperating in a varying degree.
`In one extreme,
`they may
`be
`separate
`independent
`databases;
`in the other
`extreme,
`they
`logically represent a single database, as seen by the user. We assume
`here that several databases cooperate in order to present to the user
`a data structure which makes largely abstraction
`from the physical
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmevPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page17
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 17
`
`

`
`
`
`259
`
`distribution of
`
`the data.
`
`The
`
`different
`
`specialized
`of
`different sets
`copies of the same data.
`
`information,
`
`contain
`databases may
`or possibly multiple
`
`shows a global
`1, which
`in figure
`given
`is
`example
`An
`involving data in different databases.
`directory as seen by the user,
`The upper part of the directory information may
`be
`replicated in
`several
`local videotex service computers, while the provincial and
`corporate information may only exist in one copy.
`The
`example
`also
`shows
`how different
`views of the data may be obtained depending on
`user's viewpoints. Through the "public DB”
`access point,
`the
`only
`accessible
`data
`about
`"NT"
`is
`the "NT overview" and its subtree,
`while other information, such as "personnel" is visible through
`the
`"NT corporate DB" access point.
`
`Cooperation,
`as
`in
`this
`similarities
`and
`communication
`
`example, clearly requires certain
`standards
`between
`the
`databases
`
`is not clear, what kind and how much
`it
`the present
`involved. At
`cooperation would be useful and feasible for videotex applications.
`Nevertheless, we may identify the following functions, which may be
`allocated to the ISO application layer.
`
`3.4.1 — Cooperation for retrieval
`
`for
`Database cooperation may include the following functions
`information retrieval more efficient and/or simpler for the
`
`making
`user:
`
`(a) Forwarding: a segment or page requested by the user may not axist
`in the local service computer; it may be forwarded on
`demand
`from
`another database.
`
`is advantageous for efficiency to keep local
`It
`copies:
`(b) Local
`copies of frequently accessed pages.
`(c) Superdirectory: A directory of all available databases and other
`services may help
`to
`transfer
`the user directly to the chosen
`service computer.
`in the
`shown
`(d) Global directory: As
`databases may
`cooperation of different
`directory, as seen by the user.
`access points
`(e) Multiple views: As
`in the example, different
`give the user different (partial) views of the stored data.
`
`1,
`figure
`of
`example
`lead to a single global
`
`may
`
`3.4.2 — Updates
`
`(a) the
`the following two phases:
`involve
`Database updates
`and
`(b)
`its
`incorporation or
`segment,
`creation or update
`of
`a
`deletion into (from)
`the database, with a corresponding simultaneous
`update of the directory. Phase (a) will usually be
`executed by
`an
`editor
`(terminal) which may obtain an existing segment
`through a
`forwarding protocol. Phase (b) presents the problem of
`keeping
`the
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmevPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page18
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 18
`
`

`
`260
`
`public database
`
`0 categories
`
`0 facts
`
`0 Canada
`overview
`
`0 economy
`
`Canadian
`corporal/ons
`
` N T(Northern 72/econ)
`
`corporate database
`
`. -
`
`cateaor/"es
`
`Canadian
`
`0
`
`f
`
`NT
`0O
`
`
`
`-non‘!-ar/o
`
`N T
`plants
`
`Montreal
`
`overview
`¢ plant _of NT *
`
`
`
`
`
` Example of a’/‘sir/bated w‘a’eotex
`
`
`
`pub//"c database
`
`
`Quebec
`public database
`
`Oaebec
`overview
`
`Cities in
`0 0031995
`
`6 Montreal
`
`over wew
`
`/nanufactar/‘no
`/n Montrea/
`
`database. Nodes represent
`information segments; branches
`from a segment correspond to
`mt/[tip/e choices-
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 19
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 19
`
`

`
`
`
`261
`
`information
`available
`the
`with
`consistent
`directory
`database
`segments. Directory structures such as in figure 1 are certainly not
`easy
`to keep
`consistent
`because
`of
`the many possible relations
`between segments. These consistency problems become
`even
`larger
`if
`global directories for several databases are involved.
`
`in cooperating
`function of the update protocol
`important
`An
`thus
`to keep
`the directories
`consistent with
`one
`databases is
`another. The protocol will depend on the database structures used and
`their cooperation, and on the degree of consistency required.
`
`3.5 — Distributed system management
`
`Here we consider protocols for the following functions, which
`might be allocated to the ISO application layer:
`(a) User
`identification: This
`function is needed to verify access
`rights (except for public databases), and for charging.
`(b) Verification of access rights:
`(not needed for public databases).
`(c) Charging: We can identify the
`following groups,
`companies
`or
`administrations
`involved in the operation of videotex systems:
`the
`user,
`the
`terminal provider,
`the
`transmission provider,
`the
`database
`administration and the information provider. Usually the
`user, and sometimes the information provider (e.g.
`in advertizing)
`will
`pay
`for
`the
`services provided for
`him by others. Simple
`protocols must be provided to automatically execute the appropriate
`financial transactions. Third party billing schemes are essential,
`see e.g.
`[13].
`s
`involves operating, monitoring and
`(d) Data distribution: This
`controlling updates in distributed databases and the management
`of
`global directories.
`
`3.6 — User support and help facilities
`
`friendly user interface is important for the acceptance of
`A
`videotex services
`by
`casual users.
`The procedures
`for getting
`information about how to use the services should, as far as possible,
`be the same for all services [9]. Such procedures should include
`(a) a general HELP command,
`(b) getting a list of available commands and their meaning,
`(c) getting an
`explanation of
`each
`command,
`its
`function, and
`eventually examples of its use,
`(d) interactive choice of parameter values with prompting the name of
`the next parameter, etc.
`As an example, many of the above functions
`UNIX operating system [14].
`
`are
`
`implemented
`
`in the
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page 20
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 20
`
`

`
`262
`
`REFERENCES
`
`the World's First Viewdata Service",
`
`ibid.
`
`A New Approach to Videotex System
`al.,"Telidon:
`Bown et
`1. H.G.
`Design",
`IEEE Trans. on Consumer Electronics, Vol.
`CE—25,
`No
`3
`July 1979, p. 256.
`2. R. D. Bright, ”Prestel,
`, p.251.
`and A. H. Marsh, "videotex System Planning", Proc.
`J. M. Costa
`National Electronics Conference, Chicago, Oct. 1979, p.337.
`ISO,
`TC97/SC16
`N
`227,
`"Reference Model
`for
`Open
`Systems
`Architecture", June 1979.
`their
`and
`"New Systems Concepts
`J.C.
`Smirle
`and H.
`Bown,
`on New
`Implications for the User", Proc. First
`CCITT
`Symp.
`Telecommunications Services, Geneva, May 14-16 1979, p. 128.
`J.C. Michener
`and A. Van Dam,
`"A Functonal Overview of the Core
`System with Glossary", ACM Computing Surveys 10, 4, Dec. 1978, p.
`381 (and other articles in the same issue).
`
`3.
`
`4.
`
`5.
`
`6.
`
`7. J. Hedger, "Telesoftware", Wireless World, Nov. 1978.
`8.
`IFIP WG 6.1, "Proposal for a Standard Virtual Terminal Protocol",
`INWG Prot. Note 91, Febr. 1978.
`9. A.E. Negus,
`"Euronet Guideline: Standard Commands for Retrieval
`Systems" (report
`for
`the Commission of European Communities
`DGXIII), Dec.
`1977,
`INSPEC,
`Savoy Place, London, WC2R OBL,
`England.
`'Query by example’, see for example in C.J.Date, An
`to Database Systems, Addison—Wes1ey,1977.
`11. D.L. Waltz, "Natural Language Interfaces", ACM Sigart Newsletter
`61, Febr. 1977, p.16.
`in Videotex
`"Database Structures
`12. J Gecsei and G.v. Bochmann,
`Applications", submitted to IFIP Congress 1980, Tokyo.
`I.
`de
`Sola
`Pool,
`"International
`Aspects
`of Computer
`Communications", Telecommunications Policy 1,1, Dec. 1976, p. 31.
`14. D.M. Ritchie and K.
`Thompson,
`"The UNIX Timesharing System",
`Comm.
`ACM, 17, 7, July 1977, p. 365. 9” d 4740 r 200 /open/open/
`1 200 l 200 L 200 d 30 80
`
`10.
`
`13.
`
`Introduction
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`
`ApmevPMC
`|PR2016-00755
`
`Page21
`
`PMC Exhibit 2089
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00755
`Page 21

This document is available on Docket Alarm but you must sign up to view it.


Or .

Accessing this document will incur an additional charge of $.

After purchase, you can access this document again without charge.

Accept $ Charge
throbber

Still Working On It

This document is taking longer than usual to download. This can happen if we need to contact the court directly to obtain the document and their servers are running slowly.

Give it another minute or two to complete, and then try the refresh button.

throbber

A few More Minutes ... Still Working

It can take up to 5 minutes for us to download a document if the court servers are running slowly.

Thank you for your continued patience.

This document could not be displayed.

We could not find this document within its docket. Please go back to the docket page and check the link. If that does not work, go back to the docket and refresh it to pull the newest information.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

You need a Paid Account to view this document. Click here to change your account type.

Your account does not support viewing this document.

Set your membership status to view this document.

With a Docket Alarm membership, you'll get a whole lot more, including:

  • Up-to-date information for this case.
  • Email alerts whenever there is an update.
  • Full text search for other cases.
  • Get email alerts whenever a new case matches your search.

Become a Member

One Moment Please

The filing “” is large (MB) and is being downloaded.

Please refresh this page in a few minutes to see if the filing has been downloaded. The filing will also be emailed to you when the download completes.

Your document is on its way!

If you do not receive the document in five minutes, contact support at support@docketalarm.com.

Sealed Document

We are unable to display this document, it may be under a court ordered seal.

If you have proper credentials to access the file, you may proceed directly to the court's system using your government issued username and password.


Access Government Site

We are redirecting you
to a mobile optimized page.





Document Unreadable or Corrupt

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket

We are unable to display this document.

Refresh this Document
Go to the Docket