United States Patent
`
`[19]
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`4,660,170
`
`
`
` Hui et al. [45] Date of Patent: Apr. 21, 1987
`
`
`
`[57]
`ABSTRACT
`A system for providing information to alter the soft-
`ware of an electronic data processor embedded in an
`electronic module includes a remote reprogramming
`module that conducts a sequence of operations to pro-
`vide data to the processor which the processor uses to
`reprogram itself. The system employs adata link having
`a bi-directioiiilal transmission path (tilinliiecgng the plilroci
`d t
`'
`.
`§.‘i.‘f;?;I.ii‘.'; .=....‘°;..i°.’2'.‘.’f.T$I3'.§'.§"..g. E.-.i.“.J§.d t.r°f.’.’.l‘i'3'..;’..-
`mission path. Under normal operating conditions, the
`transmission path is used to transit a function signal for
`a function performed by the electronic module. Periodi-
`cally, the processor operates one switching network to
`capture the path for transmission of a reprogramming
`inquiry signal to the reprogramming module. At the
`same time, the function signal is diverted to an alternate
`path internal to the electronic module. When the repro-
`5mm“""ghm°‘:1“l° d°.‘°::.s “ ’Fp"T5'a’""?‘“3 '“q"'ry’h"
`operatest eot er switc ing circuit to gain access lot e
`transmission path. Then. in response to commands from
`the processor, the reprogramming module undertakes
`the reprogramming sequence and transfers data to alter
`program info“-nafion he” in the memo”. of the P,-0.3.35-
`sor. Thereafter. both iheprocessor and the reprogram-
`mmg module operate their respective switching circuits
`to restore the transmission path to its normal opera-
`tional use for the transmission of the function signal.
`
`25 Claims. 14 Drawing Figures
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`
`[75]
`
`[54] SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING
`;'Edl;l;%%r£’:’bg‘;I:N:GE DES‘BI; To AN
`Inventors: Kenneth H. Hui. Duarte; King C.
`Milka Alhambra: Dflid G- H3!‘¢95l.‘i'9
`Sflfl Dimfls. all Of Calif
`[73] Assignee: General Dynamics‘ Pomom Dmsiom
`pomona_ Cam-1
`I211 Am No» 128.621
`[22] Filed:
`Apr, 29, 1935
`Céid
`[53] Field ofC 900 M5 F“:
`’
`364/14-1;
`
`R°f9"9'1°'-‘S Cit“
`U_5‘ pATEN1* DOCUMENTS
`3.944.9s4 3/l9'!6 Morley et al.
`...................... 36-1-/900
`3'9.,5‘.n2
`3/191.6 Hepwonh EH1‘
`340/”, R
`4_g.;3{,_45-,i
`3/1917 Hepwofly, e1 ,,1_
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`4.06331: 12/19??
`Jeremiah ei al.
`.................. .. 36-1/900
`4-.2S4.4T5
`3/193] Cooney ei al.
`.................... .. 364/9410
`4.404.62S 9/ 1983 Sand et at.
`........................ .. 364/ I44
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`_
`_
`2054909 7/mfg Unmd K”‘3d°m '
`Primary Examjne_r—.—Rau[fe ]3_ Zach:
`Attorney. Agent, or Fi’rm—Neil F. Martin; Terrance A.
`Meador; Edward B. Johnson
`
`
`
`[55]
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
`
`Page 1
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`
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 1
`
`

`
`U. S. Patent Apr. 21, 1937
`
`Sheet 1 of‘!
`
`4,660,170
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
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`Page 2
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`
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 2
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`

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`U. S. Patent Apr. 21, 1937
`
`Sheet2 of’?
`
`4,660,170
`
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
`
`Page 3
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 3
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`

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`
`U.S.PatentApr.21,1937
`
`Sheet 3 of?
`
`4,660,170
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
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`Apple v PMC
`|PR2016-00753
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`Page 4
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 4
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`

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`U. S. Patent Apr.2l, 1937
`
`Sheet4 of?
`
`4,660,170
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`
`Apple v PMC
`|PR2016-£30753
`Page 5
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 5
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`
`U. S. Patent Apr. 21, 1937
`
`Sl:Ieet5 of‘?
`
`4,660,170
`
`T0 STEP/CONT CONTROL
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`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
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`Page 6
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
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`Apple v. PMC
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 7
`
`

`
`U. S. Patent Apr. 21, 1937
`Sheet? of‘!
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`DATA
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`WANTED?
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`COMMAND
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`CHANCE SETTINGS
`OF SWITCHES 42,43
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`SEND FINAL TX
`COMMAND
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`SEND 4-X COMMAND
`
`TAIN NTROL DATA
`BLOCK WITH 30/00
`
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`LOAD ADDRESS OF
`REPROGRA M
`REPROGRAMMING DATA BLOCK
`FLAG
`WITH On. In , 2b. 3c. AND 4d
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
`
`Page 8
`
`
`
`
`
`OBTAIN BLOCK WITH 6)(
`
`SEND 50
`T END
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 8
`
`

`
`1
`
`4,660, 170
`
`SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING REPROGRAMMING
`DATA TO AN EMBEDDED PROCESSOR
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`The system of the invention is in the field of repro-
`gramming systems that are used to provide data for
`altering or modifying program information stored in the
`memory of a programmed processor.
`in the development of modern weaponry, the use of
`microprocessors to enhance the operation and perfor-
`mance of launched weapons is well known. For exam-
`ple. the increasing capacity of modern microprocessors
`to quickly and accurately perform complex tasks has led
`to the provision of processor-based guidance capability
`in weapons (such as missiles) that are aimed and fired at
`a target.
`However. it is usually the case that each increment of
`operational ability provided to a weapon through the
`use of sophisticated electronics stimulates a correspond-
`ing increment or change in the threat which the weapon
`must meet. Thus, the margin of effectiveness enjoyed by
`a weapon as a result of a change to its internal electron-
`ics is often fleeting.
`In the past. when a weapon’s improved effectiveness
`was countered by an improvement to the technology of
`its intended target. the weapon was either altered or
`discarded and replaced. Alteration of a weapon incor-
`porating electronics can often involve redesign and
`replacement of electronic circuitry. However. the ad-
`vent of microprocessor-based weaponry facilitates the
`modification of a weapon‘s operation to meet a change
`in countervailing technology. For example. modifica-
`tion of a weapon's operation. guidance policy. or sensor
`spectrum can be accomplished by alteration of the im-
`plementing software.
`Many microprocessor-based weapons that are cur-
`rently deployed were not designed to be easily repro-
`grammed. In order to alter their programs. these weap-
`ons must be returned to a high maintenance echelon,
`where they are disassembled and reprogrammed. This
`results in an addition to the total lifetime cost of such
`weapons and reduces the readiness of the military units
`from which the weapons are removed for alteration.
`It would therefore be advantageous to provide a
`system for adapting a microprocessor-based weapon to
`be reprogrammed in the field in a manner which does
`not require physical
`intrusion into the weapon, and
`which limits the margin of cost added to the lifetime
`cycle costs of the weapon.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention overcomes the disadvantages
`of prior microprocessor-based weapons by providing
`data useful for amending a program in a self-prograrnnr
`able processor contained in a weapon module that has a
`plurality of active signal paths for conducting signals
`between the interior and exterior of the weapon. The
`system includes a terminal unit in the weapon module
`that is responsive to a switch command from the pro-
`grammable processor for connecting the processor to
`one of the signal paths that conducts a function signal.
`A reprogramming module outside the weapon in-
`cludes a signal path access switch that is switchably
`connected to the signal path to unidirectionally conduct
`signals from the signal path without interrupting con-
`duction of the function signal.
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`35
`
`45
`
`55
`
`65
`
`2
`A reprogramming controller in the reprogramming
`module is connected to receive the unidirectionally
`conducted signals from the signal path access switch.
`The reprogramming controller responds to a received
`signal
`that corresponds to a reprogramming inquiry
`command sequence from the programmable processor
`by disconnecting the access switch from the signal path
`and producing a second switch command.
`A switching circuit in the reprogramming module
`responds to the second switch command by connecting
`the reprogramming controller to the signal path.
`Finally, the reprogramming controller has a repre-
`gramming circuit for. when the reprogramming con-
`troller is connected to the signal path. providing a se-
`quence of reprogramming data signals to the repro-
`grammable processor over the captured signal path.
`Once the transfer of reprogramming data is complete.
`the self-programmable processor can implement a re-
`programming routine in its operation program to alter
`its own software. using the data transferred to it by the
`system of the invention.
`Therefore. the structure of the system of the inven-
`tion pennits reprogramming of a microprocessor-based
`weapon at the lowest possible maintenance echelon by
`providing a reprogramming data transfer function that
`can be automatically implemented by a weapons opera-
`tor in the field without physically intruding into the
`weapon. Further. the system uses existing weapon sig-
`nal pathways to accomplish the data transfer.
`thus
`avoiding the need to structurally alter the weapon by
`providing additional dedicated pathways for transfer-
`ring reprogramming data.
`It is therefore the principal object of the present in-
`vention to provide a system for non-intrusively enabling
`the alteration or change of the program of a sell'-pro-
`grammable assembly contained in an electronic module.
`A further object of the present invention is to provide
`such a system that operates using preexisting signal
`pathways in the module.
`Yet another object of this invention is to permit the
`simple transfer of reprogramming data to a self-pro-
`grammable processor from a remote location using an
`existing data pathway.
`The invention has as still another objective to provide
`a multi-use data path that is dedicated to a preferred
`normal communication usage but which pennits the
`assertion of a temporary alternative communication
`usage without interrupting the normal usage.
`Further objects and other attendant advantages of the
`present invention will become more evident when the
`following detailed description is read in light of the
`below-described drawings. in which like reference nu-
`merals indicate like elements.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 illustrates a shoulder-fired guided missile hav-
`ing a microprocessor-based guidance system.
`FIG. 2 is a bloc_k diagram representing the general
`relation between the system of the invention and elec-
`tronic circuitry in the missile of FIG. 1.
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the system of the inven-
`tion.
`FIGS. 4A and ‘B are diagrams illustrating the condi-
`tions of a terminal unit contained in the system of the
`invention when the missile of FIG. 1 is to be used with-
`out being reprogrammed.
`FIGS. 5A—5C illustrate conditions of the tenninal
`unit of FIGS. 4A and 4B and a reprogramming module
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`
`Apple v. PMC
`
`|PR2016-00753
`
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`Page 9
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`IPR2016-00753
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`4,660,170
`
`3
`switching circuit included in the system of the invention
`when the weapon illustrated in FIG. 1 is to be repro-
`grammed before firing.
`FIG. 6 is a more detailed block diagram of the repro-
`gramming module used in the system of the invention.
`FIG. 7 is an illustration of the format of a command
`issued by the weapon‘s processor and used to control a
`reprogramming data transfer sequence performed by
`the reprogramming module.
`FIG. 8 is a timing diagram illustrating the succession
`of operations during the reprogramming data transfer
`sequence perfonned by the system of the invention.
`FIG. 9 is a state transition diagram illustrating the
`flow of operations undertaken by the system of the
`invention during the reprogramming data transfer se-
`quence of FIG. 8.
`FIG. 10 is a flow diagram illustrating a sequence of
`reprogramming control operations undertaken by the
`processor to obtain reprogramming data from the sys-
`tem of the invention.
`FIG. 11 is a diagram of the structure of a control data
`block transferred to the processor during a reprogram-
`ming data transfer sequence.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
`
`FIG. ] illustrates a shoulder-fired missile ll] including
`a microprocessor-based system that controls target ac-
`quisition and guidance of the missile. Prior to firing. the
`missile is held in a launching assembly 11 that enables a
`Marine or a soldier to shoulder the missile for aiming.
`target acquisition, and launching to target. The shoul-
`der launching assembly includes a gripstock 12 having a
`trigger that is pulled when the missile is to be launched.
`Since the missile of FIG. 1 is fully portable it can be
`transported to different portions of a battlefield where
`different enemy threats prevail.
`In order to flexibly
`respond to different threats. the system of the invention
`provides to the operator the opportunity to insert a
`reprogramming module included in the system of the
`invention into a receptacle in the gripstock so that the
`acquisition and guidance method of the microprocessor
`in the missile can be changed to accommodate the
`change in threats.
`An exemplary microprocessor-based missile system
`corresponding to the missile of FIG. 1 is the STINGER
`missile that is manufactured by the assignee of this pa-
`tent application.
`FIG. 2 shows the arrangement of parts of the system
`of the invention as they are employed with the missile of
`FIG. 1 in a battlefield. In FIG. 2, the missile II] has a
`guidance system module 20 including a processor sys-
`tem for implementing the guidance policy of the missile
`through the execution of a stored processor program.
`The guidance processor is conventional in that it
`in-
`cludes interconnected processing, addressing, and inter-
`facing circuitry together with memory circuitry for
`storing an operational program that
`includes target
`acquisition and guidance procedures. Such memory
`circuitry preferably includes circuitry that holds pro-
`gram instructions in addressable locations and that is
`responsive to memory read and write operations.
`Since the memory circuitry of the guidance system
`processor in the missile 10 responds to write as well as
`to read operations performed by the CPU {central pro-
`cessing unit) of the processor. the program instructions
`that it contains can be altered by the CPU executing a
`series of write cycles in which new program instruc-
`
`4
`tions are entered into the circuitry. A sequence of such
`write operations that alter a block of program instruc-
`tions in a software module constitutes reprogramming.
`The guidance processor obtains the data necessary to
`reprogram itself from the system of the invention. Once
`obtained. the data is used by the processor in a conven-
`tional reprogramming operation (not described herein)
`to alter various predetermined portions of its operation
`program.
`The data to be entered during reprogramming mem-
`ory write operations is obtained by the guidance system
`processor from the system of the invention in a se-
`quence of data transfer operations which is called a
`reprogramming sequence. After (or during) the transfer
`of reprogramming data from the system, the processor
`executes conventional instruction sequences to appro-
`priately write the data to memory.
`Transfer of reprogramming information to the guid-
`ance system processor is accomplished by the repro-
`gramming data transfer system of the invention. which
`includes a reprogramming data module 26 and a proces-
`sor terminal unit 27. illustrated in FIG. 2. Included in
`the missile system is a communications cable 28 contain-
`ing a plurality of signal paths that are used to conduct
`signals between control circuits and actuators in the
`gripstoclr 12 of the missile launcher and the missile
`electronics. One such signal path is a bi-directional
`signal line 29 that passes through the reprogramming
`data module 26 when the module is installed in the
`gripstock 12.
`Reference to FIG. 3 provides a clearer understanding
`of the reprogramming data transfer system of the inven-
`tion and how it is linked to provide reprogramming
`information to processing circuitry in the guidance
`module 20 contained in the missile II]. In FIG. 3 the
`guidance system processing circuitry includes three
`microprocessors 32-36, referred to collectively as the
`guidance processor. linked together by a common data-
`bus 37. As is conventional. the microprocessors 32-36
`each have associated programmable memory circuitry.
`not shown,
`into which reprogramming data can be
`entered by conventional write operations. The bi-direc-
`tional signal path 29 includes a pair of oppositely-
`directed, unidirectional signal paths 29a and 2%. A
`hand-operated, single-pole. single-throw switch 38 is
`connected into the signal path 29a. Before the switch 38
`is activated. the signal path 29:: is continuous. In the
`guidance system 20 of the missile II), the signal paths
`29a and 291: are shorted together by a jumper in the
`gripstoclt 12 when the reprogramming data module 26
`is not in place. The jumper is placed between nodes N1
`and N1.
`The normal purpose of signal path 29 is to provide a
`return pathway to indicate to the guidance system 20
`when the operator of the missile II} has aimed the mis-
`sile at a target. which is indicated by depressing switch
`38. The guidance system 20 senses when the target
`acquisition is made because an analog function signal F0
`output by the guidance system and connected to the
`signal path 29a is sensed as an input function signal F,-
`tbat returns to the guidance system 20 on the signal lead
`2%.
`In the normal operation of the guidance system 20,
`the function signal Fgis generated in the guidance sys-
`tem 20 by means not illustrated in FIG. 3 and is output
`on the signal line 29a which is connected to the return
`signal line 29b in the gripstock 12. The function signal
`returns to the guidance system 20 on signal line 2911. as
`
`ID
`
`15
`
`20
`
`25
`
`30
`
`3-5
`
`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
` Apple v. PMC
`IPRZO16-00753
`
`
`
`Page 10
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 10
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`

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`4,660,170
`
`5
`F; whose presence is periodically sensed by other
`means, not shown. in the guidance system 2|}. When the
`operator of the missile spots a target to be intercepted
`by the missile, the operator will depress the switch 38.
`opening the line 29:: and preventing the input function
`signal F,- from being returned to the guidance system 20.
`If means in the guidance system fail to detect the input
`function signal for a certain period of time, the guidance
`system will undertake procedures to acquire the target,
`set the initial guidance equations. and propel the missile
`from the launcher toward the target.
`In its preferred embodiment. the system of the inven-
`tion is permitted to use the bi-directional function signal
`path comprising the signal lines 29:: and 29b to under-
`take a reprogramming operation. Use of the function
`signal path is allocated to the system of the invention by
`the provision of means in the guidance processor to
`periodically assert control over the signal path while
`actuating an alternate means of conducting the function
`signal during the reprogramming sequence.
`The means to accomplish these objectives is provided
`by the terminal unit 27 that resides in the missile guid-
`a_nce system 2|]. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the terminal
`unit 27 includes a conventional universal asynchronous
`receive/’transmit device (UART) 40, a two-pole analog
`switch 42. and a single-pole semiconductor switch 43.
`The analog switch 41 includes terminals 42a—42d'.
`Terrnirtals 42a and 42a‘ are connected to signal lines 45
`and 46. respectively. Signal line 45 is the internal guid-
`ance system signal path for the output function Fa,
`while the path 46 provides internal guidance system
`conduction for the input function signal Fr. Bi—direc-
`tional data transfer between the switch 42 and the
`UART 40 takes place on signal lines 48 and 49. The
`signal line 48 provides an output path for the serial data
`(So) that is output by the UART 40. Signal path 49
`provides an input path for the serial data (S,-) coming
`into the UART 4-0. The UART 40 is also connected to
`the databus 37. The poles of the switch 42, P; and P3.
`are connected to signal lines 290 and 29!), respectively.
`In operation. the UART 40 conventionally provides
`a serial-to—parallel and complementary parallel-to-serial
`staging interface between the guidance system proces-
`sor databus 37 and signal lines 48 and 49.
`In operation, the guidance processor provides repro-
`gramming commands. described later. in parallel to the
`UART 40. The commands are serialized by the UART
`and transferred to the reprogramming unit. Reprogram-
`ming data is received in serial format by the UART 40
`from the reprogramming data module 26. convened to
`parallel format. and passed, via the data bus, to the
`guidance processor.
`The semiconductor switch 43 of the processor termi-
`nal unit is connected between the function signal lines
`45 and 46.
`Control of the switches 42 and 43 is afforded by con-
`trol signal lines 5] and 52, with the first control signal
`Ci provided by the microprocessor 31 to control the
`setting of the analog switch 42, and a second control
`signal C; provided from the same source to control the
`setting of the switch 43.
`The reprogramming data module 26 includes a two-
`pole analog switch 57 having terminals 57a—57d and
`pole terminals P3 and P4. The reprogramming data
`module 26 also includes a conventional UART 59
`(equivalent to the UART 40]. a passive access switch
`61. and a controller 63.
`
`6
`A jumper 65 is connected between the switch tenni-
`nals 51b and 57¢. while a pair of oppositely-directed
`signal leads 6'? and 68 are connected to conduct signals
`between terminal 570 and the UART 59. and between
`the UART 59 and the terminal 57d. respectively. The
`UART 59 and the controller 63 are connected to ex-
`change plural parallel signals on a bi-directional signal
`interface 69.
`In operation, the controller provides reprogramming
`data, described later. in parallel to the UART 59. The
`data is serialized by the UART and transferred to the
`guidance processor. Reprogramming data transfer com-
`mands are received in serial format by the UART 59
`from the guidance processor converted to parallel for-
`mat and passed. via the interface 69. to the controller.
`The access switch 61 is connected to conduct signals
`unidirectionally from the signal line 29a to the signal
`line 6'.-' where they are conducted to the UART 59.
`The controller 63 provides a pair of control signals
`C3 and C4 on signal lines 70 and 71. respectively. The
`control signal C3 determines the state of the switch 57,
`while the control signal C4 controls the access switch
`61.
`
`In the preferred mode of operation. when the missile
`is being used by an operator in the field. power is ini-
`tially provided for all electronic functions of the missile
`system. Immediately after the system is turned on, the
`guidance system 2|] begins to continually transmit Pa
`and to sense Fr. At the same time, the guidance system
`processor will periodically attempt to initiate a repro-
`gramming sequence with the reprogramming data mod-
`ule. Since communications for both the function signal
`and the reprogramming sequence must be conducted on
`the signal lines 29a and 2%. the initial steps ofthe repro-
`gramming sequence attempted by the guidance system
`processor will provide an alternate continuous signal
`path for the function signal while the reprogramrning
`inquiry is being made. This will prevent a false indica-
`tion of target acquisition being given to the guidance
`system during transfer of reprogramming data to the
`guidance system processor.
`Preferably. the reprogramming sequence undertaken
`by the guidance processor is indifferent.
`in its initial
`steps, to whether or not a reprogramming data module
`has been installed in the gripstock 12.
`In the event that a reprogramming data module is not
`installed in the gripstoclt. the guidance processor exe-
`cutes an initial control signal sequence that results in the
`terminal unit switches being set in the sequence illus-
`trated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. When the missile systern
`electronics are initially turned on. the guidance proces-
`sor system provides signals C] and C3 appropriate to
`place the switches 42 and 43, respectively, in the states
`illustrated in FIG. -SA. In FIG. 4A. the switch 42 is set
`by the guidance processor to connect signal line 45 to
`signal line 29a and to connect signal line 29b to signal
`line 4-6. The signal
`lines 29:: and 291: are connected
`together by a jumper J in the gripstock that permits F,
`to be redirected to the guidance system 2|) as F,-. At the
`same time, the switch 43 is held open by the guidance
`processor.
`In an initial loop in the reprogramming operations of
`the guidance system processor, the processor transmits
`a digital command sequence that is intended to stimulate
`a reprogramming data module to initiate a reprogram-
`ming sequence. In order to get the message to the repro-
`gramming data module, the guidance processor system
`sets the switches 42 and 43 to the states illustrated in
`
`10
`
`15
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
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`50
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`55
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`65
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`PMC Exhibit 2082
`
`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
`
`Page 11
`
`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 11
`
`

`
`4,660, 1 70
`
`8
`switch 61 can only be placed in a conducting state if the
`gripstock power is turned off, and on again.
`The guidance processor initiates. regulates and termi-
`nates a reprogramming sequence by means of the com-
`mands listed in Table I. The commands represented in
`Table I consist of conventional 3-bit data words that are
`transmitted to the reprogramming data module through
`the data link described above. They are represented in
`Table I by conventional hexadecimal notation wherein
`the first hexadecimal digit corresponds to the value of
`the most significant 4 bits of the command. while the
`second corresponds to the hexadecimal value of the
`least significant 4 bits. ln Table l X denotes a don't-care
`condition.
`
`TABLE I
`
`
`
`Functions
`Setup
`Larch 4 L5B‘s {at of Starting Address
`Latch Next 4 Hits {b] of Starting Address
`Latch Neal 4 Bits [c] of Starting Address
`Latch 4 M5B's (d) of Starting Address and
`Preset Counter to Latched l6 Bit Address
`Return to Function Signal Transmission
`Mode
`Continuous Data Transmission
`Master Reset For All Registers and
`Counter
`Single Step Data Transmission By
`SXXDX
`Alternatively Changing Command MSB From
`"l‘‘ 10 "0"
`
`SX
`
`ax
`1X
`
`The controller 63 that detects and responds to the
`Table I commands is illustrated in greater detail in FIG.
`6 and includes a command decoder 73. an address latch
`‘lat, and step/continuous (step/cont} control logic 176.
`These three units of the controller receive. in parallel
`format. the commands transmitted from the guidance
`processor. The UART 59 passes commands to the con-
`troller 63 in conventional parallel format. The UART
`59 also provides to the controller 63 conventional
`UART transmit control (TC) signals that differentiate
`between provision of received command data from a
`data port R and acceptance of reprogramming data to
`be serialized and transmitted to the guidance processor
`through a transmit port T.
`For a better understanding. the command fonnat is
`illustrated in FIG. 7. Each command has 3 bits, R-;—Ro,
`with R.-.r the MSB and Re the 1.513. The most significant
`bit (R1) of a received command is provided to the con-
`trol logic 76. the next bits (R5—R4) are provided to the
`command decoder '13. and the least significant bits
`(R3—Ro) to the address latch '14.
`The decoder 73 responds to the state of the command
`bits R5-R4 to provide one of eight internal control sig-
`nals: STROBE (4 lines), RESET. PRESET, REP-
`COMP. and CONTINUOUS COUNT. When data is to
`be transferred byte-by-byte from the reprogramming
`module to the guidance processor, the control logic 76
`responds to a sequence of alternate P5 and 0's in bit R7
`of the command by providing a COUNT pulse.
`The least significant bits (R3-R0) of four consecutive
`commands are strobed into the address latch 74, whence
`they are transferred to an address counter ‘J8 to preset it
`to a corresponding address count. The address counter
`78 provides a conventional 16-bit address code. the least
`significant 12 bits of which comprise a memory address
`(ADDRESS), while the remaining 4 bits constitute a
`code that is deciphered by a typical decoder St} to gen-
`erate a MEMORY SELECT signal.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
` Apple v. PMC
`IPRZO16-00753
`
`
`
`Page 12
`
`Commands
`Ba
`la
`2b
`3c
`-111
`
`7
`FIG. 4B. In FIG. 6B, the switch 42 is set to connect the
`signal line 48 to the signal line 290 and the signal line
`29b to the signal line 49. At the same time, the guidance
`processor closes the switch 43 to provide a return path
`for the function signal Fa. This prevents a false target
`acquisition indication from being detected by the guid-
`ance system while a reprogramming sequence is being
`conducted.
`Upon failing to obtain a response from a reprogram-
`ming data module, the guidance processor system will
`return the switches 42 and 43 to the settings illustrated
`in FIG. 4A.
`In the event that a reprogramming data module has
`actually been installed in the gripstock of the missile
`system, the sequence of switching operations illustrated
`in FIGS. 5A—5C will result. Initially. when the missile
`system is first activated. the guidance system processor
`will set the switch 42 to provide conductivity between
`signal leads 45 and 29a. and between signal leads 2%
`and 46. The controller 63 will set the switch 57 to pro-
`vide a return path for the guidance system function
`signal through the jumper 65. This pennits the guidance
`system 20 to Iool-:_for a target acquisition indication
`from the missile operator. In the initial condition of the
`complete reprogramming system.
`illustrated in FIG.
`5A, the passive access switch 61 is initially in a. state that
`provides unidirectional conductivity from the signal
`lead 290 to the reprogramming signal
`lead 67. This
`permits the controller 63 to continuously monitor.
`through the UART 59. the signal line 290 for the pres-
`ence of a reprogramming inquiry. So long as the func-
`tion signal F0 is present. the controller 63 takes no ac-
`non.
`
`The next step, illustrated in FIG. 5B. occurs when the
`guidance processor sets the processor terminal unit
`switches so that the internal function signal is routed
`through the switch 43 and the guidance processor out-
`puts a reprogramming inquiry through the UART 40.
`and the signal path 48, onto the signal path 29:1. The
`reprogramming inquiry is conducted from the signal
`line 29a to the reprogramming module signal line 67.
`and from therethrough the UART 59 to the controller
`63.
`When the controller 63 detects the presence of a
`reprogramming inquiry through the access switch 61. it
`changes the states of the control signals C3 and C4. In
`response to the changes in C3 and C4, the switches 57
`and 6] are placed in the states illustrated in FIG. 5C. As
`shown in FIG. 5C, a pair of oppositely-directed. unidi-
`rectional pathways exist between the guidance proces-
`sor and the controller 63 over the signal lines 290 and
`2%.‘ at the same time, the path between signal paths 29a
`and 67 is disabled by the open condition of the switch
`61. This permits the conduction of a reprogramming
`sequence involving the transfer of data between these
`two units that is necessary to reprogram the guidance
`processor.
`When the reprogramming sequence is complete, the
`guidance processor returns the switches 42 and 63 to the
`states illustrated in FIG. 5A. while the controller 63
`places the switch 57 in the state illustrated in FIG. 5A.
`Since it is desired in the preferred embodiment to under-
`take only one complete reprogramming sequence each
`time a reprogramming module is installed, the access
`switch 61 is left open (as indicated by the dashed line 72
`in FIG. 5A) in order to prevent a subsequent. identical
`reprogramming sequence before the missile is fired. The
`
`ID
`
`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
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`55
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`65
`
`PMC Exhibit 2082
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 12
`
`

`
`4,660,170
`
`9
`Both the 12-bit ADDRESS and the decoded MEM-
`ORY SELECT signals are provided to a reprogram-
`ming memory 82 that includes a plurality of conven-
`tional read-only memory (ROM) modules. The ROM
`modules in the memory 82 contain conve