United States Patent [t9J
`Jeffers et al.
`
`[It] Patent Number:
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`4,739,510
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`[75]
`
`[54] DIRECf BROADCAST SATELLITE SIGNAL
`TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
`Inventors: John M. Jeffers, Downsview;
`Donald R. Home, Don Mills; S.
`Wayne Mundy, Brampton, all of
`Canada; Joseph B. Glaab, New
`Hope, Pa.
`[73] Assignee: General Instrument Corp., New
`York, N.Y.
`[21] Appl. No.: 35,262
`[22] Filed:
`Apr. 2, 1987
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`[63] Continuation of Ser. No. 729,290, May I, 1985, aban(cid:173)
`doned.
`Int. CI.4 ............................................. H04N 7/167
`[51]
`[52] u.s. CI. ........................................ 380/15; 380/19;
`380/20; 358/84
`[58] Field of Search .. ~ .................... 380/10, 20, 15, 19;
`358/84;455/2
`
`[56]
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`4,225,884 9/1980 Block et a! .......................... 358/122
`4,292,650 9/198-1 Hendrickson ....................... 358/122
`4,388,643 . 6/1983 Aminetzah .......................... 358/122
`4,388,645 6/1983 Cox et!iL~=:::-:-:-:::.=.~::-~~:358/1~
`4,393,404 7/1983 Cox eta!. .......................... 358/147
`4,394,687 7/1983 Hutt et at.
`......................... 358/147
`
`4,424,532 ~1/1984 den Toonder eta! .............. 358/120
`4,484,217 11/1984 Block eta! .......................... 358/114
`4,531,020 7/1985 Wechselberger et al. .......... 358/123
`4,531,021 7/1985 Bluestein eta! .................... 358/122
`4,536,791 8/1985 Campbell ............................ 358/114
`4,575,755 3/1986 Schoeneberger ................... 358/120
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"Zeitmultiplex analoger Signal-Komponenten ftir das
`Satelliter-Fernsehen," Funk-Technik 39 (1984), Heft 6,
`pp. 228-231.
`McGowan, Michael J., "Process Bus Protocol Orches(cid:173)
`trates Distributed or Centralized Control," Control En(cid:173)
`gineering, September, 1980, pp. 129-132.
`
`Primary Examiner-Stephen C. Buczinski
`Assistant Examiner-Melissa L. Koltak
`[57]
`ABSTRACf
`Audio and control signals are digitized and inserted in
`the horizontal blanking intervals of the distributed com(cid:173)
`posite television signal. The control signals are in the
`form of a data stream which includes a header contain(cid:173)
`ing group address, sync, and program-related informa(cid:173)
`tion applicable to all receiving units, and a plurality of
`portions which are addressable to and contain informa(cid:173)
`tion applicable to the control of particular individual
`receiving units in the addressed group. The information
`in the addressable portions can be altered on a real time
`basis such that the system operator has direct control
`over certain functions of individual receiving units from
`the transmission end.
`
`32 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 1
`
`

`

`B~
`/ ~
`
`~ 21
`
`( 38
`
`33 OITY
`
`UP LINK
`E~UI PMENT
`
`20
`
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`
`24
`
`12
`
`VIDEO
`
`PROGRAM
`
`AUDIO
`CHANNELS
`
`PROCESSING
`
`STUDIO
`CONTROL
`
`COMPUTER
`
`I. PROGRAM
`
`INPUTS
`
`c~
`ADDRESSABLE
`CONTROLLER
`DECODER
`
`COMMUNI(cid:173)
`CATION
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`
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 2
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 2 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`/42
`1------------L-----------,
`4 4 """"'\r--~----1-1 ------'----~-1.......--- 32
`:
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`
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`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 3
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 3 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`f---
`
`I
`
`r-- -- --
`I
`I
`
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`I
`
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`COMPANDING DATA
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`)
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`
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`
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`CIRCUIT
`
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`
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`
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`
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`SUPPLY
`
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`
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`RIGHT
`
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`DATA
`AUDIO
`COMPANDING DATA
`Fl L T ER DATA
`
`90
`
`FIG. 2B
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 4
`
`

`

`TV
`Sl G NAL
`
`ACTIVE
`VIDEO
`
`/-~---/~
`
`ACTIVE
`HBI
`'--------~~EO
`
`HBI
`
`•
`
`ACTIVE
`VIDEO
`
`-------------------------
`
`12 BITS
`
`RUN
`IN
`CODE
`
`44 DATA BITS PLUS 22 ERROR
`
`CORRECT ION BITS
`
`8 BITS ADDRESSABLE
`DATA STREAM
`
`28 BITS FOR TWO 1BIT AUDIO
`AUDIO CHANNELS ENCRYPT ED
`
`1BITVIDEO
`INVERSION
`
`OTHER
`
`ENCRYPTED
`
`- - - - - - - - -
`
`- - - - - -
`
`ENCRYPTED
`L · - - - - -
`
`HEADER
`
`I } - 400 BITS
`
`I } - 1GO
`
`BITS
`
`I } - 1(00
`
`BITS
`
`SUBPACKE T
`
`SUBPACKET
`
`I
`I
`
`I SU_BPACKE T
`
`1
`
`2
`
`R
`
`FIG. 3
`
`.
`
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`til
`1-"
`0
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 5
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 5 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`SYNC BITS
`START MODE
`SYSTEM
`ADDRESS
`GROUP ADDRESS
`
`BITS
`
`I
`1 240
`8
`8
`16
`
`AUDIO MODE
`~TEREO ET0
`DYNAMIC VIDEO
`INVERSION
`BW
`COLOR /
`PARENTAL GUIDENCE LEVEL
`ENCRYPT ION
`KEY
`NUMBER
`(USED TO SELECT
`KEY FRAGMENTS FROM
`COMMON KEY TO DECRYPT
`AUDIO DATA STREAM)
`__
`
`PROGRAM Tl E R
`AUTHORIZATION
`
`3
`
`1
`1
`3
`
`8
`
`32
`
`1G
`
`Fl G.4
`
`SYNC AND
`ADDRESS
`INFORMATION
`
`PROGRAM
`RELATED
`INFORMATION
`
`CHECKSUM #-1
`
`CHECKSUM #1
`
`IMPULSE
`PAY PER
`VIEW DATA
`
`CHECKSUM
`
`#2
`
`H3
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 6
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 6 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`FIG. 5
`
`SUB PACKET
`(1GO BITS)
`
`SUBSCRIBER
`ADDRESS
`
`MESSAGE TYPE
`
`SIGNATURE
`(USED
`NUMBER
`TO SELECT KEY
`FRAGMENTS FROM
`SUBSCRIBER
`KEY
`SIGNATURE
`DECRYPT
`TO
`FOLLOWING
`ENCRYPTED
`MESSAGE
`
`ENCRYPTED
`MESSAGE
`
`CHECKSUM
`
`BITS
`
`8
`
`5
`
`3
`
`128
`
`1G
`
`MESSAGE
`TYPE 1
`
`BITS
`
`AUTHORIZATION
`BIT MAP
`
`COMMON
`AUDIO KEY
`
`HOME
`CHAI'JNEL
`
`32
`
`80
`
`G
`
`F I G.6A
`
`MESSAGE
`TYPE 2
`
`BLOC KING
`BIT MAP
`
`CALL IN
`CALL IN
`CALL IN
`
`DAY
`HR
`MIN
`
`CREDlT /DEBIT
`VALUE
`
`TRANSACTION
`NO.
`
`TELEPHONE
`PASSWORD
`
`CREDIT CARD
`PASSWORD
`
`OVERFLOW
`IN
`CALL
`LEVEL
`
`BITS
`
`32
`
`G
`G
`1 G
`
`1 G
`
`8
`
`1G
`
`1G
`
`1 G
`
`F I G.6B
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 7
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 7 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`MESSAGE
`TYPE
`4
`
`CHANNEL
`ASSIGNMENT
`TABLE
`FOR
`FIRST
`8
`CHANNELS
`
`BITS
`
`128
`
`F I G. 6 D
`
`FIG. 6C
`
`MESSAGE
`TYPE 3
`
`IN
`CALL
`TELEPHONE
`NO.
`
`ALTERNATE
`IN
`CALL
`TELEPOHONE
`
`NO.
`
`BITS
`
`G4
`
`G4
`
`FIG. 6E
`
`MESSAGE
`TYPE 5
`
`CHANNEL
`ASSIGNMENT
`TABLE
`FOR
`SECOND
`8
`CHANNELS
`
`BITS
`
`128
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 8
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 8 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`FIG. 6F
`
`MESSAGE
`G
`TYPE
`
`BITS
`
`Dl RECT
`CONTROL
`4 DIGIT
`OF
`SEGMENT
`7
`DISPLAY
`
`CONTROL
`AND RESET
`FUNCTIONS
`
`AUDIO
`THRESHOLD
`DATA
`THRESHOLD
`
`ZIP CODE
`BLACKOUT
`MASK
`
`BLACKOUT
`BYTE N 0.
`
`TRAP
`MESSAGE
`BIT MAP
`FOR
`PERl PHERAL
`INTERFACE
`
`32
`
`1 G
`
`8
`
`8
`
`20
`
`8
`
`2
`
`32
`
`MESSAGE
`7
`TYPE
`
`BITS
`
`PERIPHERAL
`DEVICE
`Sl G.NATURE A
`
`PERIPHERAL
`DE VICE
`SIGNATURE B
`
`G4
`
`G4
`
`F I G. 6G
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 9
`
`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Apr. 19, 1988
`
`Sheet 9 of9
`
`4,739,510
`
`JRECIEVE TV SiGNAL
`
`I
`
`CHANNEL
`SELECT
`COMMAND
`
`rl_ MICROCOMPUTER
`
`'
`!TUNE SELECTED CHANNEL I
`
`OR TIER
`
`SEPERAT E VIDEO FROM
`Dl GITAL
`
`MICRO(cid:173)
`CONTROLLER
`'-" AND
`MEMORIES
`
`VIDEO
`
`DIGITAL
`t
`SEPERATE ADDRESSABLE
`DATA STREAM
`
`VIDEO
`CONTROL
`
`•
`
`1VIDEO PROCESSOR
`t
`
`LOOK AT HEADER
`
`J
`I
`GROUP
`COMPARE
`ADDRESS
`N._O_T_T_H..:....I :..::.S=..:....:.,=....:::~--T-H-1-S-,-.--j__,
`CAPTURE h ~ 1>
`GROUP
`GROUP
`
`TO RECIEVER
`FOR
`DISPLAY
`l
`PROCESS AUDIO
`t
`CAPTURE
`!--
`HEADER
`INFO
`...__~l DECRYPT AUDIO
`HEADER
`INFO
`~-~~--~==~====+=,====~~~----~~~~~--~
`LOOK AT ADDRESSABLE
`HEADER
`INFO
`114--------,
`I
`!
`PACKET
`N=1
`
`J
`Q
`lL o
`~ ~
`2 ~
`a v
`
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`l COMPARE ADDRESS
`L NO
`I
`YES
`. . . . . - - - - - - - - - ,
`l
`GLOBAL
`I
`ADDRESS
`
`J
`I
`
`ADDRESSABLE
`PACKET INFO_
`
`CAPTURE
`GLOBAL
`INFO
`
`I
`
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`
`I NOTE MESSAGE TYPE
`
`I
`
`I
`I
`
`INFO ~
`[oBTAIN DECRYPTION
`'------------~----------~J ~ DECRY~
`MESSAGE
`
`STORED
`DECRYPTION
`KEY
`INFO
`
`:.--
`
`J----1...._ _____ ___.
`i OBTAIN MESS AGE
`~~---G-O __ T_O __ N-EX-T~-H-E_A_D_E_R ____ ~~
`F I G.7
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 10
`
`

`

`1
`
`4,739,510
`
`DIRECI' BROADCAST SATELLITE SIGNAL
`TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
`
`This application is a continuation of application Ser.
`No. 729,290 filed May l, 1985 now abandoned.
`The present invention relates to video distribution
`networks and, more particularly, to a reliable, secure
`transmission system for video, audio, and control sig(cid:173)
`nals for use in microwave, cable, and, particularly, in
`direct broadcast satellite communications.
`Direct broadcast satellite services include Pay-TV,
`tele-conferencing, tele-seminar, private broadcast net(cid:173)
`works, and the like. The availability of small, low-cost
`television receive-only terminals in recent years has
`resulted in an increasing demand for such services. As
`receive-only television antenna technology improves
`and the cost of television receive-only terminals de(cid:173)
`creases, further increases in demand for direct broad-
`cast satellite services are expected.
`For this reason, the present invention is described in
`the context of a direct broadcast satellite system. How(cid:173)
`ever, it should be understood that the principles in(cid:173)
`volved are applicable in other types of communications
`systems such as cable and microwave systems presently 25
`in use, as well as to systems of various types being de(cid:173)
`veloped.
`Unlike land lines and terrestrial microwave links,
`satellite transmissions lack privacy. Such transmissions
`can be received by any TV receive-only terminal whose
`antenna is situated to receive the satellite signals. Ac(cid:173)
`cordingly, the secure transmission of video and audio
`programming and data signals is required to provide the
`privacy essential to many applications.
`A simple example of a direct broadcast satellite net- 35
`work in which security is required is one which broad(cid:173)
`casts television signals. Since any receiver having an
`antenna in the broadcast signal area can receive the
`satellite signals, it is necessary that the signals be en(cid:173)
`coded in a way which can be decoded only by subscrib- 40
`ers' receiving units. In addition, certain subscribers may
`have paid for certain programs or program groups,
`whereas others may have paid for other programs or
`program groups. The signals must then be further en(cid:173)
`coded such that subscribers who have paid for particu- 45
`lar programs or groups of programs can receive same,
`while other subscribers cannot.
`It may be desirable to design the system such that a
`particular subscriber can preview a program and then,
`at that time, decide whether he/she wishes to watch the
`program and, hence, pay for the privilege. In such an
`impulse pay-per-view (IPPV) system, the decision of
`the subscriber must be recorded and communicated to a
`billing facility for appropriate billing. In such instances,
`the control signals to the subscriber's receiving unit
`instructing the unit how to communicate with the bill(cid:173)
`ing office must be secure in order to eliminate the possi(cid:173)
`bilities for theft of the service.
`The system of the present invention is designed to
`shift equipment complexity towards the transmitting 60
`end of the network, while keeping the receiving equip(cid:173)
`ment inexpensive and reliable. State of the art crypto(cid:173)
`graphic techniques are employed to provide a secure
`transmission system for the broadcast signals.
`The video signal is processed and transmitted in ana- 65
`log form. The audio signal is digitized and transmitted
`in digital data form. Addressable control data is orga(cid:173)
`nized into packets according to address and transmitted
`
`50
`
`20
`
`2
`in the same digital data form as the audio signals. All of
`the signals are combined in baseband using time-divi(cid:173)
`sion-multiplex techniques. The combined baseband sig(cid:173)
`nal is modulated and then transmitted over the satellite
`link to subscribers' receiving units.
`This signal structure eliminates the requirement of a
`sub-carrier for sound and control data, allowing the
`deviation of the video signal can be increased and video
`signal-to-noise ratio improved. Moreover, since all of
`10 the signals are time multiplexed in baseband, only one
`FM demodulator is required in the receivers for all
`signals.
`-
`Two audio channels are broadcast. In Pay-TV ser(cid:173)
`vices, both audio channels may be used for stereo sound
`15 broadcasts. In other applications, one of the audio chan(cid:173)
`nels may be configured as a data channel for services
`such as transmission of text, messages, facsimiles, etc.
`In general, the transmission end equipment consists of
`a program processing unit and a real time controller.
`The program processing unit performs video signal
`processing and scrambling, audio digitization, encryp-
`tion of the audio data, and baseband signal time multi(cid:173)
`plexing. The real time controller generates the audio
`cryptographic keys, encrypts the addressable control
`messages, generates the packet messages in accordance
`with the transmission protocol, maintains the user data
`base and communicates with other processing units.
`The receiving units each include an addressable con(cid:173)
`troller-decoder designed for use with a receiver which
`30 has the necessary interface for interaction with the de(cid:173)
`coder. The addressable controller-decoder demulti(cid:173)
`plexes the baseband signal, controls the receiver, de(cid:173)
`scrambles the video signal, decrypts the audio data, and
`converts the audio data into analog form.
`The transmitted composite television signal utilizes a
`format which includes an active video portion and hori(cid:173)
`zontal blanking interval portions. Two digital audio
`channels and a control data channel are allotted por(cid:173)
`tions of the horizontal blanking intervals. Video frame
`synchronization information and the zero-level refer(cid:173)
`ence are transmitted during the vertical blanking inter-
`vals. Audio data and the control data are transmitted in
`a burst, synchronous mode.
`. A two-level video scrambling system is used to
`achieve the best combination of performance, cost, and
`security. The first level is achieved by removing the line
`and frame synchronization pulses completely from the
`video signal. A unique sync word is transmitted in the
`vertical blanking interval for synchronization purposes.
`The addressable controller-decoder establishes syn-
`chronization by searching and locating the sync word.
`Once the sync word is located, all the sync pulses are
`reconstructed with reference to the sync word. This
`technique is used in conjunction with video signal in-
`55 version, which is the second security level.
`In order to avoid picture degradation, the video in(cid:173)
`version is performed on a scene-change/frame basis.
`The sequence of video inversion is controlled by a bi(cid:173)
`nary bit siream at the transmitting end. The same bit
`stream is used to recover the inverted signal at the re(cid:173)
`ceiving end. The binary bit stream is derived from a
`synchronous stream cipher. The key for the stream
`cipher can vary for each transmission session. The
`video inversion is controllable at the transmission and
`can be changed even during a communications session.
`For audio digitization, the present invention employs
`a new delta modulation system developed by Dolby
`Laboratories of San Francisco which achieves the nee-
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 11
`
`

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`4,739,510
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`40
`
`3
`essary performance levels. At the same time, this modu(cid:173)
`lation system requires the use of a relatively inexpensive
`decoder at the receiving end.
`Unlike video scrambling, a highly secure audio en(cid:173)
`cryption system can be achieved relatively inexpen(cid:173)
`sively. The decryption circuit, being totally digital, can
`be implemented using semi-custom or custom inte(cid:173)
`grated circuits. It is highly important that the encryp(cid:173)
`tion system employed achieve zero transmission error
`propagation, that is, one bit in error in the encrypted bit 10
`stream results in only one bit in error in the decrypted
`bit stream.
`·
`The present system uses an encryption scheme in
`which the clear audio bit stream is combined with the
`bit stream generated by the stream cipher using an ex- 15
`elusive OR operation. The receiving end decrypts the
`audio bit stream using the same stream cipher bit
`stream. The stream cipher bit stream is generated by a
`key (common audio key) and an initializing vector. The
`common audio key is used for the duration of the com- 20
`munication session and is transmitted in encrypted form
`through the control data channel. The initializing vec(cid:173)
`tor is used for the duration of each frame and is trans(cid:173)
`mitted in the clear form in the horizontal blanking inter- 25
`val.
`For further details of the cryptographic techniques
`employed in the direct broadcast satellite system of the
`present invention, the reader is referred to co-pending
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 665,114 filed Oct. 26, 30
`1984 in the name of Donald Horne and entitled "Cryp(cid:173)
`tographic System For Direct Broadcast Satellite Net(cid:173)
`work", which describes the basic method, and co-pend(cid:173)
`ing U.S. patent application Ser. No. 710,385, now U.S.
`Pat. No. 4,694,491 filed Mar. 11, 1985 in the names of 35
`John Jeffers and Donald Horne, entitled "Crypto(cid:173)
`graphic System Using Interchangeable Key Blocks and
`Selectable Key Fragments", which is directed to cer(cid:173)
`tain improvements therein. Both of those applications
`are assigned to the assignee hereof.
`The addressable control data channel carries sensitive
`information such as audio decryption keys and authori(cid:173)
`zation tier levels. The· present system is designed to
`prevent an eavesdropper from receiving this informa(cid:173)
`tion correctly and to prevent a legitimate terminal from 45
`receiving more information than is authorized. The
`encryption system utilized in the present invention uses
`the concept of multiple terminal keys. The common
`audio key is differently encrypted for use by each re(cid:173)
`ceiving terminal. In this way, even in the unlikely event 50
`that a decrypting key is compromised, damage can be
`stopped quickly by deleting the key.
`The addressable control data are organized and then
`encrypted using a key which, in turn, is encrypted with
`a block cipher algorithm. The length of the block cipher 55
`key is 64 bits. When compared with the conventional
`Data Encryption Standard algorithm, the present block
`cipher has a larger block and a longer key. Accord(cid:173)
`ingly, brute force attacks on the cipher will take consid-
`erably more effort.
`One of the important features of the present invention
`is that it permits real time control over certain functions
`of the individual receiver units from the transmission
`end. In general, this is accomplished through the use of
`an addressable data stream, which forms a part of the 65
`composite television signal distributed by satellite. The
`data stream includes portions which are addressable to
`and only receivable by a particular receiving unit.
`
`60
`
`4
`Each of the addressable portions contains one of a
`plurality of different messages. Each message contains
`instructions to control a function of the addressed re(cid:173)
`ceiving unit. For example, a message may advise the
`addressed receiving unit as to which programming tiers
`are authorized for viewing on a subscription basis or
`which programming tiers are eligible for impulse pay(cid:173)
`per-view transactions, etc.
`Since the information contained in the messages is
`alterable in real time, the system operator can exercise a
`great degree of control over the system and, particu(cid:173)
`larly, the operation of the individual receiving units.
`This makes the system of the present invention more
`versatile and better able to provide individualized ser(cid:173)
`vices suitable to particular subscribers.
`Another important feature of the present invention
`relates to the manner in which the receiving unit cap(cid:173)
`tures and uses the control data to process and recon(cid:173)
`struct the video and audio information. The composite
`television signal contains information relating to a plu(cid:173)
`rality of channels or tiers of programming, each on a
`different frequency. The· signal associated with each
`frequency contains video information, encrypted audio
`information, and an addressable data stream including
`header portions and groups of addressable portions
`associated with each header.
`When a program is selected, the corresponding fre(cid:173)
`quency is tuned and the video and audio information is
`separated from the data stream. Each header contains
`sync information, group address and information relat(cid:173)
`ing to the selected program. This information is used by
`all receiving units. Each addressable portion contains a
`unit address and control information for the addressed
`receiving unit only or a group address and control in(cid:173)
`formation for all receiving units in the addressed group.
`Each header is examined and the information therein,
`including program-related information, sync informa(cid:173)
`tion and impulse pay-per-view information, is captured
`and stored. If the header includes a group address
`matching the receiving unit group address, indicating
`that an addressable packet may be present which is
`addressed to the receiving unit, each addressable por(cid:173)
`tion is examined in tum. After the addressable portions
`are all examined, the next header will be monitored.
`When an addressable portion is encountered which
`includes a global address or the address of the receiving
`unit, the control information therein is captured. The
`control information is in the form of a message, as indi-
`cated above.
`-
`The message is usually in encrypted form. The ad(cid:173)
`dressed portion contains information which, when used
`in conjunction with information stored in the receiving
`unit, is used to decrypt the message.
`The control information and program-related infor(cid:173)
`mation are stored for use in processing and reconstruc(cid:173)
`tion of the video and audio information for display.
`Depending upon whether the program selected is
`within the subscription or can be viewed only on a
`pay-per-view basis, the subscriber may have to enter the
`necessary commands into the receiving unit to obtain
`the display.
`It is, therefore, a prime object ofthe present invention
`to provide a reliable, secure transmission system for
`video, audio, and control signals in a communications
`system.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys-
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 12
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`4,739,510
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`5
`tern which utilizes an addressable data stream inserted
`into the horizontal blanking intervals.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys(cid:173)
`tem wherein the addressable data stream is organized in
`a header packet followed by a plurality of addressable
`packets.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys(cid:173)
`tem wherein the information in the addressable packets 10
`in the data stream can be altered on a real time basis.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys(cid:173)
`tem wherein the header packet in the data stream re(cid:173)
`ceivable by all receiving units contains synchronizing 15
`information, data related to the programs being broad(cid:173)
`cast, and impulse pay-per-view data related to the pro(cid:173)
`grams being broadcast.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys- 20
`tern wherein the addressable packets in the data stream
`decodable only by the addressed receiving unit controls
`individual subscriber authorization, encryption key dis(cid:173)
`tribution, pay-per-view transactions, channel frequency
`re-assignment, and provides direct control over other 25
`functions of the addressed receiving unit and the display
`associated therewith.
`It is another object of the present invention to pro(cid:173)
`vide a direct-broadcast satellite signal transmission sys(cid:173)
`tem wherein the addressable packets in the data stream 30
`control the interface with receiver peripheral devices.
`In accordance with one aspect of the present inven(cid:173)
`tion, a method is provided for transmitting data in a
`communications system of the type including broadcast
`signal originating means, a plurality of broadcast signal 35
`receiving means, and means for distributing the broad(cid:173)
`cast signal from the originating means to each receiving
`means. The method comprises the steps of generating a
`broadcast signal having active video signal portions and
`horizontal blanking portions. A an audio signal and a 40
`data stream are generated and inserted into the horizon-
`tal blanking portions. The data stream includes a header
`portion including group address information and pro(cid:173)
`gram-related information applicable to all of the receiv(cid:173)
`ing means and groups of addressable portions associated 45
`with the header. The addressable portions include infor(cid:173)
`mation for addressing a particular one (or all, if a global
`address) of the receiving units in the addressed group
`and for the control of the functioning thereof.
`The method further comprises the steps of selecting 50
`addressable portions and altering the information
`therein. This permits individual receivers to be con(cid:173)
`trolled at the transmission end on a real time basis.
`The information in the header includes information
`relating to the active video portion of the broadcast 55
`signal. For example, this information may include video
`synchronization information and program identification
`information. It may also be related to audio descram(cid:173)
`bling and may include audio decryption information.
`This information may, in addition, include impulse pay- 60
`per-view data.
`Each of the receiving means is assigned a unique
`digital address including most significant bits (group
`address) and least significant bits (subscriber unit ad(cid:173)
`dress). The information in the header includes the most 65
`significant bits of the digital address. The information in
`the addressable portions includes the least significant
`bits of the address for the particular receiving means to
`
`6
`which the addressable portion relates. All units can be
`accessed simultaneously through the use of a global
`subscriber address.
`The information in each of the addressable portions
`includes a selected one of a plurality of encrypted re(cid:173)
`ceiver message types. In addition, information for de(cid:173)
`crypting the selected message type is included, as is an
`indication of the type of message.
`For example, one type of message may include pro(cid:173)
`gram authorization data and instructions to store same,
`as well as additional audio decryption data. It may also
`include data representative of a "home channel" which
`is to be selected when the decoder is in the quiescent
`mode.
`Each of the receiving units may be provided with
`telephone communication capability with the originat(cid:173)
`ing means. In this case, one of the message types may
`include impulse pay-per-view transaction data, identifi(cid:173)
`cation data, call time data, and program value data.
`Also included may be program tier blocking data and
`telephone call-in number data. Other message types
`may include channel reassignment tables for use in case
`a particular program channel must be broadcast on a
`normally unused frequency due to transponder failure.
`The information in the addressable portions may also
`include message types which comprise display control
`data in order to control the digital displays of the vari(cid:173)
`ous receiving units, erase and reset control function data
`for the operation of the receiving unit, program black(cid:173)
`out data, and audio and data threshold data.
`In some instances, the receiving units are used in
`conjunction with one or more peripheral devices for
`processing, recording, or displaying broadcasting signal
`information. One message type may include peripheral
`device data. Another message type may include periph(cid:173)
`eral device selection data.
`One of the advantages of the present system is that an
`error in the information in one of the addressable por(cid:173)
`tions is not processed by receiving units other than the
`particular receiving units to which the error containing
`addressable portion relates. Thus, an error does not
`disrupt the function of the system-only the function of
`a particular receiving unit in the system.
`In accordance with another aspect of the present
`invention, a method is provided for processing data
`received in a broadcast signal of the type including
`active video signal portions and horizontal blanking
`portions. The horizontal blanking portions include an
`encrypted audio data portion and a data stream. The
`data stream includes a header portion containing infor(cid:173)
`mation applicable to all the receiving units, including
`group address data, signal synchronization data, and
`audio decryption data of a first type, and a plurality of
`addressable portions, each containing information appli(cid:173)
`cable to the control of a particular addressed receiving
`unit in the addressed group, and including unit address
`data, encrypted message data, and message decrypting
`data. The method includes the steps of determining
`whether the group address data matches the group
`address of the receiving unit, processing the header
`information to obtain synchronization data for the video
`portion of the broadcast signal, and audio decryption
`data of the first type. If the group address matches, each
`addressable portion is tested, in sequence, to determine
`whether the received unit address contained therein
`matches the address of the receiving unit. Information
`in the addressable portion with the matching receiving
`unit address is processed to obtain and decrypt the en-
`
`APPLE EXHIBIT 1047
`APPLE v. PMC
`IPR2016-00754
`Page 13
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`7
`crypted message data. The message data contains a
`second type of audio decryption data. The audio de(cid:173)
`cryption data of the first and second types is used to
`decrypt the audio signal data.
`In accordance with another aspect of the present 5
`invention, a receiving unit for use in a communication
`system is provided. The communication system is of the
`type which transmits a signal comprising video and
`audio information for a program, a header portion con(cid:173)
`taining a group address, sync information, and informa- 10
`tion relating to the program, and a plurality of address(cid:173)
`able portions associated with the header portion. The
`addressable portions contain information relating to the
`control of individual addressed receiving units in the
`addressed group. The receiving unit comprises a means 15
`for receiving the signal and m