United States Patent
`Guillou
`
`4,352,011
`11]
`119
`
`[45] Sep. 28, 1982
`
`54[54] SUBSCRIPTION CARD FOR A VIDEOTEX
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`RECEIVER
`2184926 12/1973 France .
`.
`A
`:
`:
`2311360 12/1976 France .
`Inventor:
`[75]
`Louis C. Guillou, Bourgbarre-Saint
`Erblon, France
`£
`iner—
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`Pri
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`va
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`elmnary,
`Secesiner Fearon 4
`Bitte
`[73] Assignees: Etablissement Public de Diffusion dit
`(57]
`ABSTRACT
`“Telediffusion de France”,
`A subscription card for videotex receivers, comprising:
`Montrouge; L’Etat Francais,
`represente par le Secretaire d’Etat
`(a) a support,
`P
`Tel
`sets
`(Cena = ica (b) means for processing the information, comprising in
`ascanaueSons iyies
`particular a control unit governing an arithmetical
`Moulineaux, both ofFrance
`and iOpies! unit and . Hive memory,
`,
`(c) an interface permitting exchanges between the card
`and the apparatus in which it
`is inserted (charging
`station or receiver), further comprising:
`a
`:
`(d) a programmable memory comprising a plurality of
`locations for receiving numerical subscription blocks
`Ci,
`(e) a dead memorycontaining instructions for proceed-
`
`[21] Appl. No.: 114,515
`(22] Filed:
`Jan, 23, 1980
`at
`.
`a.
`[30]
`Foreign Application Priority Data
`Feb. 6.1979 [FR]
`France viscssssssssssssssssssssssseees 79 02996
`
`[56]
`
`ay ae ve sseeotiorssiesoeteasae ing with the recording and selection ofsaid subscrip-
`Roe,
`Seeeehnetnenaiarseeer terse ntesca
`? 335/,492
`tion blocks, and for carrying out a calculation,
`[58] Field of Search «cs... 235/375, 379, 380, 381, Oseoaeeeeente eaihaas
`235/382, 492, 487; 358/115, 124
`Pe ey eeeee ee
`receiving from said programmable memory a numeri-
`References Cited
`cal subscription block C;, this circuit being adapted to
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`work out an algorithm whose parameters are pro-
`:
`vided by the subscribers’ keys C; on instructions ob-
`teesat 5)oo Senet srnnantaadannntimnedadaansanna oebe
`tained from the second dead memoryand delivering,
`
`4,105,156 8/1978 Dae
`"335/487
`after the calculation, a numerical signal representing
`
`9/1978 Guiinet ceccessssrsssesssencserien 358/115
`4,115,662
`an operating key K.
`
`5/1980) Giraud oo...
`ccsccssssesesceneees 235/380
`4,204,113
`7/1980 Ugo ccsccccssssssessnsunseseesseeseeee 235/487
`4,211,919
`
`1 Claim, 4 Drawing Figures
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`ADMEAISTATION
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`SUBSCRIPTION
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`
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 1
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`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 1
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`

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`U.S. Patent—Sep. 28, 1982 Sheet 1 of 3 4,352,011
`
`
`
`
`
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`INF. SOURCES,
`opEeRATING
`
`KEY
`GENER
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`_MESSALES L- — —l
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`KEY
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`SUBSCRIPTION
`ADMINISTATION
`CENTER 100
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`HOLDER
`MEMORY
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`CHARGING
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`|
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`KEY CIRCUIT
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`eeeone | UNLOCKING 38
`|
`CIRCUIT ERocessineS
`|
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`NUMERICAL
`DISPLAY |
`FIC 1
`\ SIGNALS 55
`\ Bia Asp Se Pp a es |
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`
`DECODING
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 2
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`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 2
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`U.S. Patent—Sep. 28, 1982 Sheet 2 of 3 4,352,011
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`
`
`|ARITMETICAL/LOGICAL/UNIT=i
`li
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`420
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`(RAM)
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`INTERFACE
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`SUBSCRIPTION
`MEMORY (PROM)
`
`
`| | | | | | | | | |
`
`|
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`|
`|
`
`L
`
`FIG. 2
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 3
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`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 3
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`

`

`U.S. Patent
`
`Sep. 28, 1982
`
`Sheet 3 of 3
`
`4,352,011
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`
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`FAG. 4
`
`HOUSING FOR CARDS
`
`BOX 160
`
`164
`
`112
`
`FOR RECEIPT
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 4
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`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 4
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`

`

`1
`
`4,352,011
`
`SUBSCRIPTION CARD FOR A VIDEOTEX
`RECEIVER
`
`BACKGROUNDOF THE INVENTION
`
`5
`
`This invention relates to a subscription card for a
`videotex receiver.
`The invention can be used in the transmission and
`display of information on television receivers for pur-
`poses of entertainment, information or education. It can
`advantageously be applied to the system known as
`“ANTIOPE” (Numerical Acquisition and Televisuali-
`sation of Images Organised into Pages of Script) and to
`the so-called “TITAN” system (Interactive Teletext
`Terminal Called by Numbering). It is known that the
`former is essentially a broadcast videotex system (i.e.
`unidirectional) by means of which alphanumerical in-
`formation organised into pages and magazines can be
`put into television lines and that the secondis essentially
`an interactive videotex system (i.e.
`two-directional)
`compatible with the ANTIOPEsystem and affording
`access to data bases (general information, directories,
`etc.) and to interactive services (transactions, messages,
`education) through the telephone system.
`In the ANTIOPEsystem,the distribution of inform-
`tion is effected by a method known as “DIDON?”(Dis-
`tribution of Numerical Data) which is a method ofdis-
`tribution in packets, compatible with the distribution of
`the television signal.
`These systems have already been described in numer-
`ous articles or patent applications, notably the ANTI-
`OPEsystem, a detailed description of which can be
`found in the following documents, which should be
`regarded as incorporated in this application:
`the article by Y. Guinet entitled: “Etude comparative
`des systemes de télétexte en radiodiffusion. Quelques
`avantages de la diffusion des données par paquets ap-
`pliquée au télétexte” which appeared in the U.E.R.
`Cahier Technique, no. 165, October 1977, pages 242 to
`253;
`:
`the article by B. Marti and M Mauduit entitled “AN-
`TIOPE,service de télétexte”, which appeared in the
`journal “Radiodiffusion Télévision”, 9th year, no. 40,
`November-December 1975, 5/5, pages 18 to 23;
`the “Specification du Systeme de télétexte ANTI-
`OPE”, edited by the Centre Commun d’Etudes de Télé-
`vision et Télécommunications (CCETT);
`French patent application no. 75 18319,filed on June
`6, 1975 and entitled “Data distribution system”;
`French patent application no. 76 27212, filed on Sept.
`6, 1976 and entitled “System for the numerical transmis-
`sion and displaying of text on a television screen”;
`French patent application no. 76 29034,filed on Sept.
`22, 1976 and entitled “Improvements to systems for the
`numerical
`transmission and displaying of texts on a
`television screen”;
`the French application fora certificate of addition no.
`77 17625,filed on June 3, 1977 and entitled “Data distri-
`bution system”.
`The advent ofservices of the ANTIOPE and TITAN
`types raises the question oftheir taxation,i.e. the imple-
`mentation of a system by means of which the audience
`can be identified and monitored. This question arises
`more generally with any broadcast service tending to
`make the broadcasting systems more viable by better
`use of the resources.
`Taxation of the subscription type constitutes a both
`flexible and durable relationship between a service and
`
`_ 5
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`45
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`50
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`60
`
`2
`its users. Such a methodoftaxation is particularly justi-
`fied in broadcasting.
`Taxation of the type based on consumption may also
`be used; this method of taxation is fundamental for “in-
`teractive” systems (where there is a dialogue between
`the subscriber and the information source,as in the case
`of the TITAN system); however,
`it
`is of secondary
`importance in broadcasting systems (in which informa-
`tion is transmitted in one direction to the subscribers,as
`with ANTIOPE).
`There may be intermediate systems known as “quasi-
`interactive” systems wherein the content of the distribu-
`tion source is continuously modified to meet the re-
`quirements of the users, which are transmitted via a
`plublic data network. The advent of new distribution
`means with a very large capacity, such assatellites, will
`develop this quasi-interactive mode considerably, thus
`making it necessary to implement a system for control-
`ling access to the information provided.
`The problem of access control raises above all the
`problems of locking up the information whenit is
`broadcast and unlocking it when it is received. Natu-
`rally these problems must be resolved in accordance
`with the specificity of the teletext system to be con-
`trolled. In particular,
`the method of scrambling the
`information and restoring the intelligibility of the infor-
`mation should not harm the performance of the system.
`The essential elements of a system provided with
`means for controlling access to the information can
`briefly be described in order to aid understanding of the
`present invention. This system is shown in FIG.1.
`First, this system comprises known elements charac-
`teristics of the ANTIOPE videotex system, namely an
`emitting centre 2 and receiving stations 4.
`The emitting centre receives information from one or
`more sources of information 5 and comprises:
`means 6 for composing a magazine consisting of
`pages organised into lines of characters, if such means
`are not already included in the source of information;
`a circuit 10 for memorising the magazine in the form
`of numerical signals grouped into octets (8 binary ele-
`ments),
`a junction 11 connected to the circuit 10,
`a distribution multiplexer 12 for inserting the informa-
`tion in the lines of a television signal, this device using
`the DIDONprocedure referred to above.
`Each receiving station comprises:
`a circuit 14 for receiving and demodulatingsaidtele-
`vision signal,
`a line 16 for processing the video picture signals,
`a line 18 for processing numerical signals, this line
`comprising, in particular a numerical data decoder, and
`finally
`a display means 20.
`In this type of system, the numerical signals transmit-
`ted are grouped in the form of octets which are subdi-
`vided into control octets and data octets. The control
`octets indicate, in particular, the tops and bottoms of
`pages and beginnings and endsoflines. The dataoctets,
`inserted between the control octets, correspond to char-
`acters contained in thelines. All these octets, both con-
`trol octets and data octets, comprise a heavy binary
`element which is an odd element. The octets wherein
`the 6th and 7binary elements are zero are the control
`octets and play a special part in the system.
`The system described in this application further com-
`prises:
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 5
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`IPR2016-00753
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`

`4,352,011
`
`3
`(A) in the emitting centre 2;
`(a) a generator 22 delivering a numerical signal repre-
`senting an operating key K, this key changing randomly
`at predetermined intervals of the order of a few min-
`utes, for example;
`(b) automatic locking means 24 comprising:
`(i) a comparator 28 with an input connected through
`the junction 11 to the magazine memorising circuit 10
`from whichit receives clear octets; this comparatoris
`capable of distinguishing, among these clear octets,
`those wherein the 7th and 6th binary elements are zero;
`this comparator has two outputs 31 and 32,
`thefirst
`carrying these octets wherein the 7th and 6th binary
`elements are zero and is connected to the distribution
`multiplexer 12 (through a junction 11’), and the second
`carrying the clear octets dj wherein the 7th and 6th
`binary elements are not zero;
`(ii) a logic circuit 34 of the OR-exclusive type with
`two inputs, one of which is connected to the second
`output 32 of the comparator 28 from whichit receives
`the clear octets dj wherein the 6th and 7th binary ele-
`ments are not zero;
`this logic circuit has an output
`whichcarries odd-numbered coded octets Dj, the coded
`octets then being directed (through junction 11')
`towards the distribution multiplexer 12;
`(c) a generator 26 ofencoding octets Cj, controlled by
`the automatic means 24 from whichit receives octets
`indicating the page numbers and line numbers of the
`data to be transmitted and the signal corresponding to
`the operating key K; this generator of octets 26 has an
`output nl which delivers, for each data octet dj of a
`displayable line, an encoding octet C,, this octet having
`an even-numbered 8th binary element and 7th and 6th
`binary elementsof zero, this octet being applied to the
`second input of the gate 34.
`(B) in each receivingstation 4:
`(d) a circuit 36 delivering a numerical signal repre-
`senting the operating key K in use in the emitting sta-
`tion,
`(€) automatic unlocking means 38 comprising:
`(i) a comparator 42 with an inputreceiving the coded
`octets; this comparatoris adapted to distinguish, among
`these coded octets, those wherein the 7th and 6th binary
`elements are zero, this comparator having two outputs
`43 and 44,thefirst carrying these octets wherein the 7th
`and 6th binary elements are zero,this first output being
`connected to the display means 20, whilst the second
`carries the coded octets Dj wherein the 7the and/or 6th
`binary elements are not zero,
`(ii) a logic circuit 46 of the OR -exclusive type with
`two inputs, one connected to the output 44 of the com-
`parator from whichit receives the coded octets Dj, this
`logic circuit having an output which carries decoded
`octets dj which are then directed towards the display
`means20,
`(f) a generator 26’ of decoding octets, controlled by
`the automatic unlocking means from whichit receives
`the octets indicating the page numbers andline numbers
`of the data transmitted, and the signal corresponding to
`the current operating key K; this generator of decoding
`octets has an output 41° which delivers, for each coded
`octet received, a decoding octet C; having a heavy
`binary element whichis forced to zero and 7th and 6th
`binary elements of zero, these octets being applied to
`the second inputofthe gate 46.
`Locking and unlocking means ofthis kind can advan-
`tageously be used to solve the problem oftaxation re-
`ferred to hereinbefore. For this purposeit is provided,
`
`4
`in addition to the operating key whose function hasjust
`been defined, subscribers’ keys which are generated
`randomly by a taxation administration centre. These
`keys have a relatively long service life (from 1
`to 12
`months), in relation to that of the operating key (which
`is of the order of a few minutes).
`To illustrate the operation ofthis double key system,
`one can take the example of a subscription plan using
`four types of subscription: 1 month, 3 months, 6 months
`and oneyear. In addition to its duration, a subscription
`is characterised by the month in whichit starts. Thus,
`with a planofthis kind, in a given month andfor a given
`service, there are 22 subscribers’ keys liable to be used
`by the users; a monthly key, three three-monthly keys,
`six six-monthly keys and twelve yearly keys.
`Each month, the taxation administration centre pro-
`vides each distribution centre with a list of 22 subscrib-
`ers’ keys in use for each service distributed by this cen-
`tre. In addition, it provides the subscription sales points
`with another list of 4 keys which are to start in the
`following month (one month, three months, six months
`and one year), for each service, with the prices of the
`subscriptions.
`A suitable machine,installed in each sales point, re-
`cords someofthese keys in the form of blocks of sub-
`scriptions on holders provided forthis purpose (suchas,
`for example, information-bearing cards of the credit-
`card type). The users of the service then insert these
`cards in their receivers.
`For each paying service, approximately every five
`minutes a new operating key K is generated at random,
`by each distribution centre concerned. Thus, during a
`session of a service (one hour or several hours), there
`may be several dozen operating keys succeeding one
`another.
`As soon as a distribution centre generates a new oper-
`ating key K,it calculates, for each subscribers’ key in
`use C; for this service, a message M; by means of an
`algorithm M;=Fc(K), in which the keys C; act as the
`parameters.
`Thus, for a service having the subscription plan indi-
`cated above, at any one time there are 22 different mes-
`sage in force. Theservicelife of a message is equal to
`that of the operating key K and for a given service at
`any one time there are as many messagesas there are
`current subscribers’ keys.
`All the messages M;in force together constitute the
`access-controlling information associated with the ser-
`vice being broadcast. This access control informationis
`obviously not locked up by the electronic lock.
`These meansforcontrolling access to the information
`are shown in FIG. 1. They comprise:
`(A) a subscription administration centre 100, which
`generates numerical signals corresponding to the sub-
`scribers’ keys C;, these keys changing randomly at long
`intervals ofthe order of a month and according to plans
`analogous to that given hereinbefore by way of exam-
`ple;
`(B) in the emitting centre:
`a circuit 102 for forming messages M;whichreceives,
`from the center 100, the signals corresponding to said
`subscribers’ keys C;, and, from the generator 22, the
`signal corresponding to the operating key K. These
`messages are obtained by meansof an algorithm Fc;(K)
`the parameters of which are provided by the C;s. The
`circuit 102 delivers as many messages M; as there are
`subscribers’ keys C;, these messages changing with op-
`erating key K. All these messages are organised into a
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 6
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`0
`
`)
`
`20
`
`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
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`30
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`55
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`60
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`65
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`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 6
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`4,352,011
`
`6
`FIG. 1, already described, shows a videotex system
`provided with meansfor controlling access to the infor-
`mation,
`FIG. 2 shows a synoptic plan of the circuits of the
`card according to the invention,
`FIG.3 is a diagram illustrating the method of opera-
`tion of the card,
`FIG. 4 schematically shows a charging station for
`subscription cards.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
`
`5
`special page 104 known asthe access control page. This
`page is transmitted cyclically by the multiplexer 12 but
`is not displayable;
`(C) in each receiving station:
`(i) a subscription holder 106 which contains a mem-
`ory 108 in which is recorded at least one subscription
`block representing one of the subscribers’ keys C;,
`(j) a circuit 110 for restoring the operating key K,
`connected on the one handto thecircuit 18 from which
`it receives a message M;taken from the access control
`page andselected by the subscription index and, on the
`other hand,
`to the memory 108 of the subscription
`holder from which it receives the subscribers’ key C;.
`This circuit 110 develops an algorithm K =Gc{M~))for
`restoring the signal corresponding to the operating key
`K used in the emitting station;
`(D) at least one charging station 112 connectedto the
`subscription administration centre 100 from which it
`receives the signals corresponding to the different sub-
`scribers’ keys C; generated by this centre; each of these
`stations is adapted to receive temporarily subscription
`holders and to record one of the subscribers’ keys C;in
`their memories 108.
`
`BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`25
`
`The present invention relates precisely to a particular
`embodimentofa subscription card such as the assembly
`36 in FIG.1.
`The card according to the invention is of the same
`type as the credit cards used in commerce and banking
`and, as such, comprises known elements such as the
`support, interface, data processing circuits, etc. How-
`ever,it contains additional means which makeit suitable
`for fulfilling a new function in a system for controlling
`access to information as described above. This function
`is essentially to enable the electronic lock to be opened
`in the videotex receiving sets.
`Moreprecisely, the invention relates to a subscription
`card for videotex receivers, comprising:
`(a) a support,
`(b) data processing means comprising in particular a
`control unit controlling an arithmetical and logical unit
`and a live memory,
`(c) an interface enabling exchanges between the card
`and the apparatus in whichit is placed (chargingstation
`or receiver)
`(d) a programmable memory comprising several loca-
`tions for receiving numerical subscription blocks C;,
`(e) a dead memory containing instructions for carry-
`ing out the recording andselection ofsaid subscription
`blocks, and for carrying out a calculation,
`(f) a calculation circuit receiving, from the receiver
`into which the card is inserted, numerical messages M;
`and receiving from said first memory a numerical sub-
`scription block C;, this circuit being adapted to work
`out an algorithm K=Gc{M)the parameters of which
`are provided by the subscribers’ keys C;, on instructions
`obtained from the second dead memory and,after cal-
`culation, delivering a numerical signal representing an
`operating key K.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`In any case, the features and advantages of the inven-
`tion will become more apparent from the following
`description of some exemplary embodiments given by
`wayofanillustration without being in any wayrestric-
`tive. This description refers to the drawings, wherein:
`
`45
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`50
`
`55
`
`60
`
`65
`
`The card shownin FIG.2 comprises, on a support 36:
`An arithmetical and logical unit 120 governed by a
`control unit 122, the whole constituting a central unit
`capable of carrying out:
`arithmetical and logical operation: addition, shifting,
`comparison, “ANDlogic”, “OR-exclusive”,
`conditional logical branchings
`counting of events
`A programme memory 124 of the ROM (Read Only
`Memory) type containing instructions describing the
`operating phases (recording,selection, calculation), the
`assembly 120/122/124 constituting the circuit 110;
`A subscription memory 108 of the PROM type(Pro-
`grammable Read Only Memory)for acquiring blocks of
`subscriptions,
`A working memory 128 of the RAM type (Random
`Access Memory) for storing the intermediate results of
`the calculations,
`Aninterface 130 for communication with the outside,
`governing a connectorwithatleast 6 contacts (return to
`zero, earth, inputs/outputs, supplies, timer, extension)
`which permits the exchanges between the card and the
`subscription-validating machine, on the one hand, and
`between the card and the users’ receiver, on the other
`hand.
`All these elements may be put together in a mono-
`lithic integrated circuit. All the elements together form
`the means 36 in FIG. 1.
`The subscription memory 108is organised into blocks
`of 21 octets, each capable of receiving a subscription
`block. Thus, a PROM of4,096 binary elements is capa-
`ble of containing up to 24 subscription blocks.
`Thelocations taken up on the card are referenced by
`“busy” flags. A subscription card is full when all the
`flags are displayed.
`The operation of this card is characterised by three
`phases: recording, selection and calculation.
`(A) The recording phase starts with the locating of
`the first non-displayed flag, i.e. the first location which
`is free in the memory 108; then, under the control of the
`charging station, the central unit of the card supervises
`the inscription of the subscription block requested by
`the user.
`A subscription block is made up of four areas, for
`example:
`(1) an “operating code” of 16 binary elements which
`designates the service in question,
`(2) a “subscription index” of 8 binary elements which
`characterises a subscription for a given service. Two of
`these binary elements indicate the type of subscription
`(1, 3, 6 or 12 months) and the other six indicate the
`month in which the subscription starts (1 to 60 modulo
`5 years),
`(3) a “subscribers’ key” of 128 binary elements which
`is the basic information of the block,
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 7
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`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 7
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`

`

`4,352,011
`
`7
`(4) a “cyclic redundancy cade” of 16 binary elements
`which bears on the preceding 152 binary elements and
`makesit possible to check the subscription block before
`it is used.
`A subscription block is thus made up of 168 binary
`elements, i.e. 21 octets.
`The recording phase is only one step of the total
`subscription operation. In fact,first ofall it is necessary
`to check that the card is functioning correctly using a
`test subscription block incorporated in the circuit when
`it is produced. This test subscription block checks the
`authenticity of the card as it goes through.
`Moreover, after the recording phase, the satisfactory
`progress of the operation must be verified. As it is not
`possible to read back what has just been written, an-
`other test therefore has to be made using the new block
`inscribed.
`(B) The selection phase consists in testing the sub-
`scription blocks in order to locate one which corre-
`sponds to an operating code indicated by the receiver
`from the address indicated, the response consisting in
`supplying the subscription index and the address of the
`located block.
`The selection phase thus starts by the receiver sup-
`plying an operating code. The control unit of the card
`then searchesforthe first block bearing this code in the
`subscription memory. When it finds one, it verifies it
`using the cyclic redundancy code.Ifall is well, the card
`replies to the receiver by providing it with the subscrip-
`tion index of the block found.
`Otherresults may be: “the cyclic redundancy code is
`wrong", and “there is no suitable subscription on this
`card”. These two results are passed on to the receiver
`by abnormal
`indications such as 18 and0’, which are
`formed from 8 binary elements of | or 0.
`The selection phase thus plays a doublerole: selection
`itself and verification of the subscription block in ques-
`tion.
`
`30
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`35
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`45
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`50
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`55
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`65
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`8
`card and thus meansthat the operating system does not
`have to be closed down.
`The automatic means does not have a memory, and
`this avoids many cases of conflict and error. Morevoer,
`the card becomes deaf whilst an orderis being carried
`out, until it gives an answer.
`Am example of a calculation which mightbe carried
`out by the card according to the invention will now be
`described. However,it is first necessary to describe the
`algorithm by means of which the messages in the emit-
`ting centre of the videotex system can be calculated
`from an operating key and subscription blocks,
`The messages are calculated from the subscribers’
`keys C; and the key K in the emitting centre by the
`circuit 102 which is organised around a microprocessor.
`This circuit is programmed to implement an algorithm
`which uses the subscribers’ keys C; (128 binary ele-
`ments) and an operating key K of 56 binary elements,in
`the following way:
`(1) a confusion redundancy word 7 is formed, which
`comprises 61 binary elements generated at random each
`time the algorithm is used;
`(2) 7—!, the inverse of 7 modulo 26! — 1, is calculated
`by an arithmetic programmeusing a variant of Euclid’s
`algorithm;
`(3) a first multiplication by another arithmetical pro-
`gramme: v=K-7—! modulo (26!—1)is carried out;
`(4) y, the inverse of C modulo 2!27~— 1, is calculated
`by a programmesimilar to that of (2);
`(5) finally, the messageis calculated by a programme
`similar to (3): M=y-(y+2%-a) modulo (2!27—1),
`Once the messages have been thus formed,the algo-
`rithm to be worked out in the card for restoring the
`operating key K from a message M; and a subscribers’
`key C;is as follows:
`(1) The message M;(127 useful binary elements) is
`taken octet by octet and multiplication by C;is carried
`out. In this way a p, is formed:
`
`B=M-C modulo (2!27_1)
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 8
`
`(C) The calculation phase consists in calculating the
`operating key K from the message transmitted by the
`receiver and from the subscribers’ key found in the
`card’s memory. In other words, when the receiver has
`According to the construction of M on emission, the
`located the proper messagein the access controlpage,it
`binary elements 1 to 61 of » represent the word v,
`sends this message to the card which itself has marked
`whereas the binary elements 65 to 125 represent the
`the suitable subscription block.
`word7. Obviously, binary elements 62, 63, 64, 126 and
`This calculation phase is repeated each time the ac-
`127 should be zero. If they are not, the wordvis re-
`cess control page is updated, provided that the user has
`turned to zero before continuing with the calculation.
`not disconnected himself from the service in question.
`(2) w and v are multiplied thus eliminating the confu-
`The diagram in FIG. 3 showsthe different states and
`transitions between states of the automatic means con-
`sion redundancy, and K=v-amodulo (26!—1) is ob-
`tained.
`sisting of the circuits of the card. The symbols bearing
`A new probability test is used here since, as K has 56
`reference numerals have the following meanings:
`140—state of rest
`useful binary elements, the elements 57, 58, 59, 60 and
`141—madelive
`61 should be zero. If this is not the case, K is returned to
`» 142—state of sleep
`zero before continuing the procedure.
`143—recording order to an address
`(3) the 56 useful binary elements of K are then avail-
`144—recording of a subscription block
`able in the form of eight odd-numbered octets.
`FIG. 4 schematically showsa chargingstation for the
`145—discharge
`146—orderto select a service from an address
`cards described above. This station comprises, on the
`outside:
`‘
`147—selection and testing of the block
`148—supplying the subscription index and its address
`a box 160 containing a display screen 162, a housing
`149—orderto calculate the message using the block
`164 for new cards,a slot 166 for inserting the cards to be
`appearing at the address indicated
`charged, an output 168 for a printed receipt,
`150—calculation of the operating key
`a keyboard 170 for controlling the operations to be
`carried out.
`151—supplying the operating key
`152—return to zero.
`This station comprises, inside the box 160:
`The advantage of this procedureis that it avoids any
`an interface adapted to be coupledto the interfaces of
`live memorisation of the preceding operations in the
`the cardsinserted,
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 8
`
`

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`4,352,011
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`9
`a memory containing the list of subscription blocks
`for sale, with the corresponding prices.
`a circuit for charging the subscription required by the
`user in the card inserted. This circuit is adapted to lo-
`cate an empty location in the programmable memory of
`this card and to enter the subscription block thereon,
`the latter consisting of a subscription key, a subscription
`index, an operating code andfinally a cyclical redun-
`dancy code.
`Preferably, the charging station contains a message
`and a test key for verifying the authenticity of the cards
`inserted, using the test subscription which they contain
`for this purpose. A charging station of this kind is con-
`nected to the subscription administration centre, as
`shownin FIG. 1: from this centre it receives lists of
`subscription blocks for sale and the price list, and in
`return it supplies recordings of the transactions and the
`sum of the charges taken.
`This record of the transactions then makesit possible
`to determine the audience for each service and to make
`the best possible distribution of the financial
`income
`from the subscriptions. The receipt is useful in cases of
`dispute regarding the card.
`Whatis claimedis:
`1. A subscription card, comprising:
`
`10
`a central unit constituted by an arithmetical and logi-
`cal unit and a control unit governing said arithmeti-
`cal and logical unit,
`a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM),
`a Random Access Memory (RAM)acting as a work-
`ing memory,
`a Read Only Memory (ROM) containinginstructions
`for:
`(i) recording numerical subscription keys C;in said
`Programmable Read Only Memory when said
`card is inserted in a charging station deliverying
`said subscription keys Ci,
`(ii) carrying out, in said arithemetical and logical
`unit, a calculation, whensaid card is introduced
`in a videotex receiver, said receiver delivering to
`said card messages Mi which are known func-
`tions of subscriptions keys Ci recorded in said
`PROMandofan operating key K,said calcula-
`tion being the restoration of said operating key K
`from the received messages Mi and the recorded
`keys Ci, and
`an interface for exchanging signals defining subscrip-
`tion keys Ci, messages Mi and operating key K,
`between said card and said charging station and
`between said card andsaid receiver.
`x
`*¢
`* &
`
`5
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`45
`
`50
`
`55
`
`65
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 9
`
`PMC Exhibit 2092
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 9
`
`