UAL Ttae
`REey
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`Page 1
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`‘WARCH 1977 35p
`
`PMC Exhibit 2067
`PMC Exhibit 2067
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`Apple v. PMC
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`

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`Brora
`reepetits
`Reeltld
`
`- Electronics,Television, Radio,Audio
`MARCH 1977
`Vol83
`No 1495
`
`
`
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`Front cover showsthe interior. of'a
`
`
`Mullardscanning coil assemblyfor
`a colourtelevision tube.
`Photographer Paul Brierley.
`
`
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`“
`»
`°
`;
`=
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`7
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`|
`*
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`}
`4
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`:
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`i
`i
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`os
`
`Contents
`:
`‘31 The consciousness industry
`32 Electronic rhythm unit by A. Battaiotio and G. Ronzi
`.
`37. Newsof the month
`UKto consult on frequency allocations |
`Miniaturetelevision set’
`‘ Government supportfor electronics industry
`Circuit ideas
`Octal display for microprocessors
`Semiconductortester
`Linear voltage controlled amplifier
`HLF. predictions
`Interference from amateurstations by I. Jackson
`EECdata-processing cash
`:
`ss
`a
`Television pattern generator by R. A. Qwen and_D. Brenkley
`Viewdata — 2 by S. Fedida
`Logic design — 3 by B. Holdsworth and L.Zissos
`Letters to the editor
`,
`Advanced pre-amplifier design
`Circular insert generator
`Industry to study Citizens’ Band
`62 Can oscillators be “common”? by “Cathode Ray” —
`64
`Identifying European television — 2 by G. Smith and K. Hamer
`67 Weathersatellite facsimile machine — 4 by G. R. Kennedy
`69 Special-purpose amplifiers — Circards 33 by J. Carruthers,
`J. H. Evans, J. Kinsler and P. Williams
`73 Mobile radio communication — 3 by D. A. S. Drybrough
`77 Wireless World index, binding and p.c. boards
`78 World of amateur radio
`79 New products
`122 APPOINTMENTS VACANT
`
`..
`
`
`
`IN OUR NEXT ISSUE
`
`.
`
`
`
`
`Sensitive metal detector con-
`
`‘ structional:
`design
`using beat
`frequency oscillator principle but
`
`
`with beat oscillator
`frequency
`mixed with
`5th harmonic
`of
`search oscillator frequency.
`
`
`
`Power semiconductor survey
`
`on construction and characteris-
`
`
`tics .of
`transistors,
`thyristors,
`power Darlingtons and f.e.ts/and
`‘related. devices with applications
`
`_and circuits.
`
`
` Stereo. coder.
`Ingtrument. pro-
`
`
`viding a signal for testing stereo
`receivers and tuners or distribut-
`ing programmesin. showrooms,
`etc. The désign uses no induc-
`tors,
`thus simplifying construc
`tion.
`
`136 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
` PMC Exhibit 2067
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`
`
`Current issue price 35p, backissues (if available). 50p, at Retail and Trade Counter, Paris Garden,
`London SE1. By post, currentissue 55p, back issues(i availabley 50p, order and payment to Room I,
`Dorset House, London SE1 9LU.
`ae
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`Editorial & Advertising offices: Dorset House,’ Stamford Street. London SE1 9LU.
`.
`Telephones: Editorial 01-261 8620: Advertising 01-261 8339.
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`Telegrams/Telex, Wiworld Bisnespres 25137 London. Cables. ~Ethaworld. London SE1.”
`Subscription rates: 1-year: £7.00 UK ana overseas ($18.20 USA and Canada). Student rate: i year. £3.50
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`sugera oF THE seer
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`Distribution: 40 Bowling Green Lane. London ECIR ONE.Telepnone01-837 3636.
`.
`Prgse Associates
`Subscriptions: Oakfield House. Perrymount Rd. Haywards Heath, Sussex RHI6 3DH. Telephone
`
`_ 0444 59188. Subscribers are requested to notify a change of address.” © LPC. Business Press Ltd, 1977
`PMC Exhibit 2067
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`Viewdata
`2— Applications of the system
`by S. Fedida, B.Sc.(Eng.), M.Sc.., F.ILE.E., A.C.G.1.
`7 Post Office Research Centre
`
`Wireless World, March 1977
`
`
`
`
`Office version of a
`
`Viewdata terminal,
`known as
`Viewdataphone.
`_Note the integral
`keypad and
`telephone handset.
`
`_
`
`possible
`the
`dedling with
`Before
`applications of ViewdataI will conclude
`the discussion started last month (Fe-
`bruary issue) on the problem of ensur-
`ing adequate communication between
`the user and the computer - what I
`have called the computerdialogue.
`While the index principle is clearly
`adequate for the information service as
`such, a fuller dialogue is needed to cater
`for the very wide range of services
`provided by Viewdata,
`in particular a
`messagefacility, calculation and games
`facilities and a range of
`interactive
`services such as requests for advertising
`literature or other documentation and
`bookingsof holidays and hotels.
`The design of the computer dialogue’
`is very important. Information put out
`by the computer to guide the user must
`be simple to understand, it must not be .
`ambiguous and must not appear.
`to.”
`demand more than onereply at a time.
`Furthermore the action to be taken. by .-
`the user following the display of a frame.
`of information must be clearly indicat- -
`ed,
`i.e.
`the prompt: must always be
`inserted to ensurethat the user does not
`lack guidance regarding the nextstep.
`An example of part of a dialogue in
`the messageservice is shownin Fig. 1. It
`gives the flavourof the requirement and
`indicates someofthe pitfalls.
`A third aspect of the communications
`arrangements between user and com-._
`puter concerns the general purpose set
`of non-indexed or dialogue instructions
`which may be needed by theuser in the
`course of a session. The object of these.
`instructions, which are only, five.
`in
`number,is to assist the user to recover
`from errors real or imagined and thus,
`enable him. to maintain control of the
`‘situation whatever happens..
`The set ofinstructions selected for
`‘Viewdata for recovéry from errors and
`more generally for coping with
`unforeseen problemsisas follows:
`LL Toreturh to the top of the selection:
`tree:
`This instruction is mainly used -at
`the vs
`completion of one enquiry, whenit is desired. :
`to Start a new one. Alternatively if the user -
`finds himself perhaps on the wrong track, or.
`
`-
`
`‘eanitiotinterpret the’ dialogue, A uses ‘this’
`to make a fresh start. In other words, it
`provides a fallback optiorrfor all unexpected
`situations.
`
`2. To recall the previous page: *01
`The purpose of this instruction. is to enable
`the user to check the contents of the previous
`page,
`in case of miskeying errors, real
`‘or
`imaginary.
`
`3. To recall the current page: *00
`The purposeofthis instruction is to cause the
`computer to retransmit the current page,in |
`case some: of
`the information has been
`corrupted. Interestingly enough, little evi-
`dence has beenseen so far of serious -data
`corruption.during transmission.
`
`4. To jump to a known page (umber
`N): *Nz
`:
`The purpose of this instruction is to enable
`.
`the user. to jump straight
`to the required’ °
`page,if he knowsits number, thus by-passing
`sa the step by step approach.
`5. To correct a miskeying error: **
`Tf an entry-is.in error it may be erased’ by
`keying ** and.a fresh start.made.
`These instructions are normally
`engraved on the keypad associated with |
`Viewdata,
`thus providing: a constant
`“reminder of what action is. needed. to
`cope with the unforeseen.
`
`:
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`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`=
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`Applications of Viewdata
`The range of applications of Viewdatai
`theoretically unlimited.
`In: practice i
`
`will be determined primarily .by the:
`
`market — what users want and what.
`
`
`‘they are prepared to pay for. There are:
`six distinct service. areas, each with it:
`own specific requirements and each:
`using the interactive capability of the
`system to some degree:
`:
`® general information services
`@ message communications
`@ education
`@ calculation
`®@ personal services
`@ in-house andprivate systems.
`
`Information. The largest area capable
`‘immediate developmentis the inform
`tion: service area. It has a number
`
`subdivisions, with differing characte
`‘istics and treatments, e.g.:
`topic
`
`information; reference information,
`vided into general and professional
`
`: classified advertisements; and shoppi
`aids.
`
`. The rangeof topical information.its
`coversa numberof different items, su!
`ag news, sports results’ and weath
`
`information, each item in turn co
`prising a very wide spectrum suc’
`
`“local news, national and internation
`events, business news,deg fNts
`
`PMC Exhibit 2067
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`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
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`Page 3
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`
`Wireless World, March 1977
`
`to the domestic viewer, to the business
`viewer, etc. This section of the infor-
`mation data base is the one most closely
`related to that of teletext. The major
`difference is that whereasin teletext the
`information is more likely to be in
`abbreviated or headline form because of
`the obvious limitation of the restricted
`total amount of information available,
`in-Viewdata the information is in much
`more detailed form and of course has a
`considerably greater scope and variety.
`Reference information is a large field
`which could cover items such as train
`and bus time tables, and perhaps air
`time tables,
`telephone directories and
`“Yellow pages” of local and national
`interest. It could also cover information
`on leisure activities such as games,
`hobbies and sports, do-it-yourself and
`gardening information,
`recipes and
`holiday and tourist information. Other
`topics of
`interest could be money
`matters and savings,
`tax information,
`jobs and careers information, and a
`wealth of specialist reference informa-
`tion for the businessman and profes-
`sional user.
`/
`Classified advertisements are poten-
`tially a very important sector of the
`
`information spectrum, since, given
`adequate coverage,classified advertise-
`ments may be available in everybody’s
`home at the touch of a button when
`required, with an immediacy unrivalled
`by any other medium. By the same
`token items no longer available may be
`removed instantly from the data base,
`thus avoiding unnecessary enquiries
`and’ potential
`frustration. A major
`benefit of the classified advertisement is
`that it could provide a useful revenue
`which, as in the case of newspapers,
`could be used to counterbalance a
`proportion of the expenses.
`The interactive capability of Viewda-
`ta adds an important dimension to the
`scope of the information services.
`It
`could be used, for example, to request
`further details about a product adver-
`tised or discussed, and in certain cases
`to actually place a purchase order.
`Potentially it
`is possible to do this
`without the need to place an additional
`telephonecall.
`
`Message communication. Viewdata is
`‘clearly not only an information
`medium, but also a message communi-
`cation medium,
`indeed a “store and
`
`53
`forward” system,for use by the getieral
`public. The message, once entered in:the
`computer, would be transmitted as soon
`as communication to the intended
`recipient can be established.
`The simple message facility so far
`experimented with provides a number
`of options. In the simplest option the
`user may select one or more out of a
`number of standard messages, mainly
`greetings messages, but clearly many
`others are possible. After message
`selection the user needs to supply the
`Viewdata number of
`the intended
`addresses. Thereafter the action of the
`system is entirely automatic.
`The message is now automatically
`routed to the local Viewdata computer
`which places a telephone call to the
`addressee.
`If the telephone numberis
`engaged the computer tries again; the
`numberof tries maybe specified by the
`sender. If the numberis not engaged but
`no reply is obtained to the call, after a
`short ringing interval, a red light fitted
`to the Viewdata receiver is switched on
`to indicate that “somebody hascalled.”
`Indeed arrangements may be made for
`the local computer to attempt a call
`several times, and for the visual indica-.
`
`do
`
`ert
`Aeee
`SENT OM
`
`RGae
`
`‘Jaierer
`
`
` PMC Exhibit 2067
`
`eesa) A ees eae
`a esos
`EQUALS SIGN OR KEY Re
`ies eer18eAS eeeee
`WORTA.
`ik eeeree eeeeete eeears
`pT Tae
`
`ae aeae reeadReAiiae
`
`Fig. 1. Exampleofpart of a dialogue in the message services
`provided by Viewdata.
`
`, Fig. 3. Example of facilities offered by the calculator
`service.
`
`AAS TO CONTINUE
`
`
`
`oe
`
`PMC Exhibit 2067
`Apple v. PMC
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 4
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`

`54
`
`tor on the Viewdata set to give a count
`of the unansweredcalls.
`the
`When the call
`is answered;
`computerplaces a high pitched tone on
`the line (1300 Hz), which indicates to
`the user that the Viewdata computeris
`calling. Pushing the data button on the
`telephone ‘set causes the computer to
`send the message frame preceded by
`introductory frames to ascertain user
`number,etc.
`A similar procedure applies when the
`addressee, on returning to his Viewdata
`set, finds the “somebody has called”
`light on. On dialling Viewdata and after
`entering his user number the messageis
`delivered.
`Another message option provides the
`“user with the facility of inserting in the
`standard text one or more words,
`numeric or alphanumeric, e.g. times of
`arrival in a “I shall be arriving on the
`. train” message.
`Finally, users who have the alphabe-
`tic keypad may be able to composetheir
`own messages.
`All
`these message options. use the
`same method of delivery illustrated
`above and all provide the facility for
`sending one or more messagesto one or
`more addressees,in a single transaction,
`‘thus saving the user a very considerable
`amount of time, particularly when the
`same message hasto be sent to several
`people.
`A simple extension of the message
`facility is the interconnection with
`telex!, Viewdata benefits in the
`enhancement of
`its communication
`facilities by its interconnection with an
`extensive telex network with an inter-
`national coverage. Telex benefits in’
`three ways: it acquires a powerful store
`and forward capability;
`it acquires an
`additional number of customers, not,
`normally on the telex network;andit
`could relieve congestion in the telex
`room at peak hoursby repeating a telex
`‘message direct to an executive's View-
`dataphoneonhis desk.
`A further potential extension of the
`Viewdata message serviceis in the case’
`of business mail. This could provide a
`useful load to the Viewdata computer
`network, during the night, for example,
`whenits facilities are mostly unused.
`Finally because Viewdata displays
`messages visually on the domestic tv
`receiver, it could provide a cheap and
`convenient way for deaf people to
`communicate at a distance, among
`themselves and with other people.
`
`.
`
`Wireless World, March 1977
`
`eschew all manuals and complicated
`instructions and so to organise the
`dialogue that users may, without any
`specialised training whatever, carry out
`the calculations they desire. Instruc-
`tions for entering requirements are
`given by the system as and when they ©
`are needed and the dialogue is so
`arranged that-‘errors may be caught
`quite simply as they occur (Fig. 3).
`An additional feature of the calcula-
`tion programme is a curve or histo-
`gram plotting facility related to the
`computationscarried out.
`
`Personal services... We have seen that
`Viewdata users are able to enter
`information into the system for éxample
`for message purposes. This clearly could
`be extended by arranging that
`this
`information is only accessible to the
`user or to one or more other persons
`nominated by him.
`We now enter a fairly sensitive area
`~ of security (or privacy) of information.
`Much study ‘will*need to be done to
`ensure that information thus entered is
`indeed reasonably well protected. Ini-
`tially, however, the studies are concen-
`trated on information which,
`in the
`individual’s opinion is not too sensitive.
`A user may enter perhaps reminders to
`himself of meetings, dates,
`telephone
`numbers, data for his own private use
`and the like. A typical.one may be a
`reminder to send flowers to the wife on
`her birthday! Even in such fairly
`innocuous cases, passwords are provid-
`ed to ensure that accidental disclosure
`of private information does not occur.
`
`e
`
`possibilities of using Viewdata to assist”
`in the learning process. Many attempts
`have been maderecently, particularly in.
`the United States,
`to introduce this-
`system of learning (computer assisted
`learning),, which has many obvious:
`advantages. It could relieve very consi-'
`derably the day to day pressure on
`teachers and lecturers, who would then-
`be able to devote moreof their time to
`the individual requirements and diffi-
`culties of their pupils. The potential of
`this education medium for home-learn-
`ing is also of great importance:’
`Unlike: conventional methods ‘of
`learning, Viewdata, by taking advan-
`tage of interactive working, can provide
`the student with assistance when
`required and a method of self-monitor-
`ing and self-testing which could greatly.
`increase the speed of
`learning and
`provide the. necessary intellectual | sti-
`mulus to the student.
`Viewdata in education could also be
`invaluableto parénts in enabling them
`to follow the educational progress of
`their children and thus possibly enable
`them to help and encourage them more
`effectively.
`A related aspect of education is’: the
`games facility where again the
`interactive capability of the computeris
`called for. The field for educational
`games is vast and so far two pro-
`‘grammes have been experimented with:
`One is MOO, which is an exercise in
`logical thinking, wherein the user has to
`guess a four digit numberselected’ at
`random by the computer. The guessing
`or deduction is made as a result of clues
`given. by the computerin responseto a
`“guess”. The other is a maze game,
`increasing in complexityfrom the very
`simple to the more complex, which is a
`good example of pattern recognition
`(see Fig. 2).
`
`In house and -private data banks. An’
`extension of the personal information
`service is
`the use of the Viewdata
`network to store and provide access to
`|
`information of interest to closed user,
`|
`groups on certain specific topics, e.g.
`|
`employees of a business house. Also a
`Calculations. The primary: purpose of
`Viewdata is not to provide a calcula-
`minimum degree of privacy will need to
`be provided, although absoluteprivacy |
`tions service, but as illustrated earlier
`is not an objective ofthe system,at leastt
`an information and message service.
`in the initial stages.
`Nevertheless the availability of a
`In the case of closed user groups,
`numberof distributed computersa local
`information and data might be collected
`call distance away suggests that for
`for the benefit of groups having similar
`very little extra cost a useful calculation
`interests. For example the source of
`service could be provided to students,
`small businesses and indeed all who
`supply of certain commodities used in
`|
`certain categories of business, e.g.
`might need its fairly limited but, poten-
`tially very useful facilities.
`|
`building supplies with current prices,
`:
`availability etc.
`Little would be gained if the calcula-
`
`Clearly the range of potential services:
`tor facilities were limited to those
`of this nature is open ended. Develop-
`provided by the small mass-produced
`
`calculators. Such a service would be-
`ment will no doubt take place in this.
`area as the capability of
`this ne
`hopelessly uncompetitive. Neither
`Education. Viewdata may be applied to
`
`the education field in three areas. The
`medium becomes apparent
`through:
`would a great deal be gained by
`first
`is the conventional
`information
`
`:
`usage and experimentation.
`_ providing the sophisticated facilities of
`the now well established computer
`services providing details of educational
`
`The next article will deal with th
`bureaux. The professional user-of’
`facilities, e.g. what courses are available
`operation of the Viewdata system 1
`extensive computational
`facilities is
`and where, details of qualifications
`detail
`
`already well cateredfor.
`required, and who to apply to. This
`service could be structured under.a
`Reference
`Rather it is intended to fill the gap
`
`1. S. Fedida — Development of Compute!
`between the two, some of whichis at.
`numberof different headings, such as
`based Information Media for the Gener:
`present covered by the more expensive
`subject titles and localfacilities, and the
`
`Public. Paper presented at 2nd Internation
`usual method of access would be
`hand or desk calculator. Unlike these
`Symposium on Subscriber Loops ang
`Services 3-7 May, 1976. The Institution.of
`applied.
`more complex and powerful machines,
`The otherareas are the more exciting
`Electrical Engineers, London.
`however, the Viewdata approachis to
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