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`\[lEWDA'l'
` AND
`VIDEOTEXT,
`1 930-81 ::
`A
`Worldwide
`Report
`
`Transcript of viewdata ’80,
`first world conference P
`on viewdata, videotex, and teletext
`
`
`
`Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc.
`White Plains, New York
`
`PMC Exhibit 2143
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`

`
`Viewdata and Videotext, 1980-81: A Worldwide Report
`
`Transcript of Viewdata ’80, first world conference on Viewdata, Videotex and teletext, London,
`March 26-28, 1980
`
`ISBN 0-914236-77-6
`
`LC: 80-18234
`
`This title is being published simultaneously in the United Kingdom under the title: Videotex, Viewdata
`& Teletext
`
`Copyright © 1980 by Online Conferences Ltd.
`
`Published by Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc. in conjunction with Online Conferences Ltd. No
`part of this book may be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the written permission of the
`publisher, Knowledge Industry Publications, Inc., 2 Corporate Park Drive, White Plains, New York
`10604.
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`
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`
`iii
`
`Introduction & Preface
`
`;ԤV
`
`The use of themubiquitous TV set as an information display and
`interactive personal electronic communication device will bring
`dramatic changes to 'the way in which we conduct our day—to—day lives .
`The effect will at first be most apparaent in business with the easy
`availability of computer—stored information and the ability to send and
`receive mail electronically. The effect will then become apparent in
`
`the home with the TV set gradually enhancing its primary role of
`
`entertainment device to incorporate information acquisition, computer-
`
`aided education and electronic message transmission.
`
`This book comprises written back-up to the presentations given at
`Viewdata '80 - The First World Conference on Viewdata, Videotex and
`Teletext.
`
`To ensure that the preprints are as up—to—date as possible,
`
`the authors
`
`have supplied them to us in camera-ready form which does not allow
`
`for editing and for this reason we would ask for your understanding
`with some of the overseas papers where English is not the author's
`native language.
`In orderto keep the book as up—to—date as possible,
`the papers have been printed in random order.
`
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`
`29
`
`Development (3: Applications of the Antiope-Didon Technology
`
`J Guillermin
`
`President and General Manager
`
`Société Frangaise d'Etudes et Réalisations
`d'Equipements de Radiodiffusion
`et de Téiévision (SOFRATEV)
`
`France
`
`The French Antiope teletext has now been on the air for almost 3 years
`in France : a full public service has been implemented, and will be promoted
`in the near future by industrial production of VLSI component equipment.
`
`Teletel-Teletext full compatibility in terms of display processing makes
`Antiope products the best suited to the present new developments aiming
`at teletext message delivery on broad band channels, in low-cost business
`or specific audience applications, especially in the United States.
`
`Copyright© 1980 by Online Conferences Ltd.
`
`
`
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`30
`
`The French ANTIOPE system was reportedly developed as a unique visuali-
`zation process, aiming both at video broadcast one-way information display
`and at interactive data retrieval and display via the switched telephone
`network.
`
`The narrow band two—way communication service is called TELETEL :
`in this mode, the ANTIOPE decoding unit of the user's terminal is connected
`to a data base via a telephone line through classical telephone modems,
`currently 1200/7'5 bauds, using dedicated logic circuitry.
`
`For ANTIDPE teletext wide band delivery, the same ANTIDPE decoding
`unit is fed through specific demodulator and demultiplexer circuits called
`DIDON.
`
`After a brief description of the main technical features of DIDON and
`ANTIOPE, this paper describes the services now on the air in France, future
`developments based on actual marketing in France and abroad, especially
`in the United States, and decoder mass production schedules.
`
`1. DIDON DATA TRANSMISSION PROCESS
`
`The main features of the DIDON transmission process are its complete
`independence from the bit frequency, and its ability to use any video line
`within the frame. DIDON transmits one data packet per video line : it
`is completely transparent with regard to the nature of the data. This means
`that ANTIOPE teletext alphamosaiccodes are only one example of the
`kinds of data that DIDON can transmit. In fact, any kind of digitally coded
`message can be transmitted via DIDON, and the useful data flow can exceed
`4 Mbits/sec in full channel (625 line standard) capacity (2.8 Mbits/sec in
`525 line standards), i.e. when the entire video channel is filled with data
`packets.
`
`This feature allows the distribution of ANTIOPE codes either on any small
`number of video lines within the blanking intervals, together with the regular
`TV program (like Ceefax and Oracle), or on a full video channel : on the
`air or on cable.
`In the United States, for instance, Multipoint Distribution
`Systems (MDS) are devoted to pay TV at 2 GHZ in over lDU of the largest
`American cities : these channels might also be very useful for ANTIOPE
`teletext broadcast either with spare channel capacity during pay-TV hours
`(from 5:30 p.m. to 2 a.m.), or with full channel capacity during business
`or other night time hours.
`
`Cable TV stations might also make use of the Didon full channel capability
`for teletext transmission as well as for any other data packet delivery.
`
`2. ANTIOPE ALPHAMOSAIC DISPLAY PROCESS
`
`Didon's features free ANTIOPE coding and editing from any constraints
`with regard to the length of a video line, or anything else. Thus, for alpha-
`
`
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`31
`
`mosaic display, ANTIOPE codes are sent in the same way as for an ordinary
`telex, with line feed and carriage return character codes. The parallel
`attribute configuration on 16 bits per character, instead of 8, makes a
`completely logical editing procedure possible. Each character code is closely
`associated with its color, background color, and flashing attribute, double
`width, double height, inverted background, etc., whether the characters
`are separate or contiguous, alphabetic or graphic, upper or lower case.
`Up to 16 different alphabets may be visualized on the same display, namely
`French, English, German, Cyrillic, Arabic, as well as any other alphabetically
`structured language.
`
`3. ANTIOPE-DIDON BROADCAST QUALITY
`
`In DIDON, Hamming codes in the header of each data packet provide op-
`timal error protection,
`
`In ANTIOPE messages, a parity check is available for each byte. Broadcast
`teletext could in fact lead, in difficult reception conditions, to a complete
`loss of characters, even to missing lines if special redundancy and error
`correction procedures were not implemented. Extensive field measurement
`tests have been run on VHF or UHF transmitters in France, Switzerland,
`Holland, and more recently in the United States on CBS‘s Saint Louis trans-
`mitter. The overall results are excellent in terms of average error rate.
`The conclusion of these field tests is that acceptable ANTIOPE teletext
`conditions exist even when TV program quality is rather poor.
`In extremely
`bad reception areas, special error correction devices associated with enhanced
`antennas may solve the worst problems.
`
`it. ANTIOPE MARKETING IN FRANCE
`
`A technical test period enabled Télédiffusion de France to appraise and
`improve ANTIOPE and Didon standards until l9?7'. At that time, a pre-
`operational service was started in Paris, together with the "Cornpagnie
`des Agents de Change". This was the beginning of Antiope—E'.ourse, the
`stock exchange service, as well as of TDF's teletext expertise. Since May,
`1979, a complete teletext public service is on the air, with seven different
`magazines on four TV networks. Eight more magazines will begin to be
`broadcast before the end of this year, each editing between 50 to 300 pages.
`Three of the networks are the national television networks, TF1, A2 and
`FR}; the last one is a regional one partly devoted to local community ANTIOPE
`teletext services. Each one can broadcast approximately 100 teletext
`pages either on a national basis or for regional coverage (FR3).
`
`An interesting point in France is that the old VHF black and white 819-
`line network is being phased out of service, and it is possible to dedicate
`it to specific audience programs, for instance full channel teletext. A
`total of 6,000 pages are available on this one VHF channel, with an average
`access time of under 10 seconds.
`
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`32
`
`4.1 ANTIOPE-BOURSE (STOCK EXCHANGE)
`
`In July of 197?, the stock exchange IBM computer was hooked to an ANTIOPEI
`multiplexer through a buffer. Since then, an increasing number of dedicated
`stock market pages have been put on the air each day. Up to 80 pages
`a day were transmitted on an experimental basis until last October. Now
`the ANTIOPE stock exchange service is on the air with over 350 pages
`on the VHF dedicated network operated by TDF'. A few thousand stock
`quotations are thus available in real time, from foreign countries as well
`(100 pages). The immediate broadcast and large audience for this data
`makes this service one of the best suited to broadcast teletext.
`
`4.2 OTHER ANTIOPE SERVICES
`
`Other ANTIOPE services are now on the air over the four different net-
`works :
`
`"ANTIOPE-METEO" (weather report) has been on the air since October,
`l9?'8, with 25 pages, then 80, and will increase to 150 by the end of this
`year. An audience marketing study proved the interest of such a magazine
`among specific categories of the public : transportation businesses, tourism,
`civil works and agriculture seem to be extremely interested.
`
`"ANTIOPE-POSTES" (postal information) is now a 5|]-page experimental
`magazine on air for post office staff.
`It will soon become a public service
`for general information in all French post offices, thus making a large
`audience accustomed to this new communication device.
`
`"ANTIOPE-OREP“ (local community news and information) is on the air
`as an BU-page experimental service for the public in the southwest part
`of France over FR3. Manual editing by the Permanent Education Regional
`Office brings together employment advertisements, university news, town
`hall administrative information, etc.
`
`"ANTIOPE-ANTENNE 2" is a service broadcast nationally by the A2 network.
`It provides 60 pages of information connected with the TV programs and,
`at the same time, has enabled A2 to gain considerable practical experience
`with this completely new programming medium after six months of opera-
`tion.
`
`"ANTIOPE-CRICR“ (road conditions) on the VHF network is as yet only
`a few pages, and is now operational in the south of France near Marseille.
`
`“ANTIOPE-ALPES DE HAUTE PROVENCE" is a 6D to BU—page magazine
`of local information on the FR} network.
`
`Other services are to come during 1980, and a total of one thousand pages
`should be on the air by the end of the year. The philosophy underlying
`TDF‘s marketing is essentially oriented toward data which suffers from
`lack of circulation, or poor circulation.
`
`J
`"
`g:
`E
`
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`
`33
`
`The number of decoders now in use is 500, but will soon be a thousand.
`The first LSI circuits will be available on an industrial basis in a few months,
`and this will rapidly increase the number of ANTIOPE teletext users, since
`a public service is already on the air.
`
`5. ANTIOPE BROADCAST TELETEXT DEVELOPMENTS
`
`There has been considerable development at the CCETT in Rennes since
`the teletext standard was first tested. This activity is now closely related
`to a strong marketing policy.
`
`Sofratev, an engineering subsidiary of TDF, is responsible for marketing
`ANTIOPE-DIDON technology abroad. The first opportunity happened to
`be the interest in teletext expressed by the CBS network in the United
`States. As the ANTIOPE equipment was perfectly adaptable to the U.S.
`NTSC 525-line standard, TDF was able to deliver teletext equipment in
`February, 1979, to the CBS laboratories. ANTIOPE was on the air at KMOX
`Saint-Louis in March, and the first field tests began in May of l9?9. A
`demonstration was held last September of ANTlDPE‘s excellent performance
`in the U.S. standard.
`
`5.1 NEW BROADCAST TELETEXT DEVELOPMENTS
`
`Since then, ANTIOPE development was fully supported by the technical
`interaction between American and French engineers.
`
`5.1.1 The idea that teletext, associated with a TV program, would be too
`limited for mass audience interest in the U.S. led to different. concepts.
`The most evident improvement is the use of a multiple page local memory
`for the decoders in order to eliminate access time problems at least after
`the first cycle. The first model multiple page memory decoder was ex-
`perimented a few months ago in France with a 50 to 60 page memory.
`It has since been demonstrated in Toronto (SIVIPTE), and may be seen at
`Viewdata 81]. One of the VLSI circuit manufacturers in France has already
`included such operationai features in its design of ANTIOPE circuits.
`
`5.1.2 The selective access process in broadcast teletext has proved to
`be one of the most profitable features for future use, either for mass audi-
`ences or for business applications. CCETT developments with regard to
`secrecy and/or subscription teletext are now quite near completion. A
`magnetic card system will key the access in an initial development; electron-
`ic cards will follow as soon as they are available on the market.
`
`5.1.3 The possibilities of teletext closed captioning for the hearing-impaired
`and for foreigners are well known and were first experimented in the United
`Kingdom. The problem of synchronizing the TV program and the captions
`was not really solved, except at the price of heavy time delay constraints.
`If several different languages are to be captioned at the same time with
`a given TV program, new developments are needed, because asynchronism
`
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`
`3‘-l
`
`appears for multilanguage captioning applications. The new standards
`make it very simple to add sophisticated captioning options to a normal
`teletext decoder : in this new process, the synchronism control signals
`are completely separate from the "character attributes" — they are actually
`considered as a "message attribute".
`
`The Same ANTIOPE feature will lead very simply to :
`. sophisticated display animation
`. combination of alpharnosaics, alphagraphics and even chirographics on
`the same display in a completely compatible evolution from the elementary
`low-cost teletext deco er to t e most sop isticate version.
`
`The idea behind this process is very simple : it is better to give the system
`the ability to combine different languages in an evolutive process than
`to try to design the most sophisticated language to meet all the requirements.
`The reason is that we do not yet know what these requirements may be.
`
`The ANTIOPE "article" concept described in the paper delivered by Mr.
`Marti of the CCETT provides the technical capability. This concept is
`particularly interesting because the present standards and equipment are
`completely compatible with it, since default options are provided.
`
`These ideas recently led some PBS stations in the U.S. to express interest
`in ANTICJPE-DIDON technology, especially with regard to mass audience
`field tests in the educational area : animation, captioning, combination
`of high quality graphics and teletext with hand-drawn designs are highly
`desirable features for such applications.
`
`5.i.Ci High quality graphics are now available in ANTIOPE technology.
`Software alphabet technique consists in downloadinga maximum of 128
`different graphic configurations in normal character size in the RAM of
`the decoder : the visualization process then combines the elementary signs
`to display a high quality graphic design, according to codes which are subse-
`quently sent by the source. True circles or exact curves may then be formed,
`with two distinct color areas per character. The principal advantage, even
`though some constraints on the design exist, is that a standard teletext
`decoder can display these graphics by simple additionof a RAM.
`
`5.1.5 Handwritten teledesign on a TV screen is now a well known possible
`point-to-point communication medium using narrow band links. Addition
`of "chirographic display" in the broadcast process of an ANTIOPE decoder
`is also possible if this new "language", i.e. X.Y control of the electronic
`beam, is implemented in the decoder. As mentioned earlier, it should be
`more convenient to do animation this way than to impose time constraints
`on animated pages during the teletext cycle. Think of the use to which
`such a natural and inexpensive communication source could be put for edu-
`cational purposes in developing countries.
`
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`35
`
`6. ANTIOPE TELETEXT DELIVERY DEVELOPMENTS
`
`In May, l9?9, Sofratev formed a LJ.S. subsidiary in Washington, D.C., in
`order to follow U.S. network needs in the field of broadcast teletext, but
`also and primarily to market ANTIOPE-DIDON technology for business
`or specific audience use. This firm is ANTIOPE VIDEOTEX SYSTEMS,
`Inc. (AVS). The different marketing studies conducted in the U.S. last
`year all led l;o the same conclusion : the present potential market will not
`be a mass audience market; before a few years‘ time, but a business market,
`and possibly a specific audience market.
`It is therefore essential to adapt
`our present technology to the real needs of business people or specific
`audiences, and also to define a large enough range of products to respond
`to each interest, at the lowest cost.
`
`6.1 TRANSMISSION CHANNEL COST COMPARISON
`
`We already mentioned that, in the U.S., MDS can transmit full channel
`teletext data during business hours or late night hours. An experimental
`transmission of ANTIOPE teletext data was successfully demonstrated
`last year, during the NICE Ill conference, on the Washington Microband
`MDS transmitter. This channel is especially well suited to business data
`delivery or pay teletext for specific audiences, and it is probably the least
`expensive one. Users are equipped with special antennas and SHF-UHF
`transposers; the complete set is now on the market for between T0 to 200
`dollars.
`
`TV cables offer a number of spare channels in many cases. The delivery
`cost is more difficult to estimate, but an evaluation based on the present
`average subscription price for CATV tends to prove that, due to the high
`data flow available, such a channel would be quite competitive with data
`packet transmission networks, probably by a ratio of 10 to 1.
`
`In any case, competition in data communication fields could change these
`conditions in the future. Nevertheless, it seems that wide band broadcasting
`channels could compare very favorably with specialized point-to-point
`data transmission networks in the future.
`
`Availability of VHF or UHF channels for this use is more difficult, due
`to saturation of this spectrum by present; TV programs, and to the use of
`spare lines for mass audience teletext programs. Nevertheless, night or
`non-program hours could in most countries be used at very low cost per
`bit since a 4 Mbits/sec data flow is available. The ratio with normal data
`packet transmission networks could be 20 to l, and the number of possible
`simultaneous users considerably increased.
`
`6.2 TELETEXT DELIVERY MODES
`
`Full use of such channels leads to completely different services from cyclic
`teletext.
`In a delivery mode, for instance, the client does not receive a
`permanent teletext page cycle.
`Instead, the multiple page memory decoder
`is able to record a set of pages, for instance 100 or more, which correspond
`
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`
`36
`
`to those the user is interested in. Three different modes may be chosen
`according to the refreshing time relevant to the application or to the client‘s
`needs.
`
`6.2.1 Passive Mode : Multiple page memory ANTIOPE-DIDDN teletext
`decoders equipped with selective access controls can record specific teletext
`messages corresponding to the client's subscription. The access key, namely
`a magnetic card, serves as an identification for the desired information
`and for payment of the subscription fee. Transmission may be any time,
`preferably at night, but the ANTIOPE terminal is always passive, except
`when the client displays a page of the memorized data : in this case, access
`to any page is almost instantaneous.
`
`6.2.2 Reguest Mode: The decoder will be connected via the normal switching
`network to the source of data through a telephone modem. An alphanumeric
`or numeric keypad enables the user to ask for a definite category of informa-
`tion or to specify the pages he would like to memorize. The terminal is
`then set to a waiting position : the data is automatically recorded when
`it arrives. The time required depends on how busy the network is, and can
`be indicated by the connection computer through the line : a "ready" signal
`goes on when the data is there.
`
`6.2.3 Control Mode : The same telephone-connected decoder is used for
`the fastest possible delivery from the source : in this case the cost is much
`higher than in the previous mode, but this mode enables the user to obtain
`a whole bulk of data almost instantaneously and to go through it at zero
`access time.
`
`In both the last two modes, payment is automatic through line connection
`to the source computer. The user's equipment for such teletext delivery
`modes is a standard ANTIOPE mixed Teletel—Telete><t decoder fed through
`a so-called "Diode" device which regulates the access and manages the
`transactions.
`
`A more highly computerized option will be available with mass memory
`and a second microprocessor for personalized processing of the recorded
`data.
`
`I
`
`7.
`
`INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION SCHEDULE
`
`Apart from the U.S., many other countries are within the marketing target
`of Sofratev and of French technology. Up to now, no one has responded
`as immediately and aggressively as the U.S., but we are confident that
`others will as soon as the industrial production of low cost equipment promotes
`a better understanding of the system's exceptional flexibility. The first
`prototypes of completely integrated ANTIOPE decoders will be tested
`by mid—l9B[]. The first small series of decoders for connection to TV monitors
`or to the peritelevision socket of the newFrench TV sets are expected late
`this year. At the same time, the first series -of integrated ANTIOPE business
`terminals will be operational for field tests, with the Diode option.
`
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`
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`
`3'?
`
`Three integrated circuit manufacturers will provide VLSI circuits next
`year. The average target sales price for the basic ANTIOPE-DIDON decoder
`is approximately «Q00 francs within 3 years, for a production run of 500,000.
`The French teletext public service, associated with the large-scale telephone
`directory experiment; and the Velizy Teletel tests should bring the audience
`to that. size in less than 3 years.
`
`8. CONCLUSION
`
`ANTICJPE teletext has now been on the air for almost 3 years in France,
`and one year on the CBS network. A public service is operational on the
`four French television networks. ANTIOPE Teletel-Teletext compatible
`decoders are now available, and the best cost-effective data communication
`process can be tested for future organization of the videotex and teletext
`networks. A new concept of teletext message delivery for business or
`specific audience applications is now being worked out for tests in the
`United States in the near future. A completely compatible evolution of
`the DIDON concept is now leading to further improvements of the ANTIOPE
`broadcast display performances in relation to high quality graphics and
`display animation, both highly desirable features for educational purposes,
`for instance.
`
`VLSI circuits will be available in France next summer, and will be manuu
`factored for business terminal and decoder board mass market production
`at the beginning of 1981.
`
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`38
`
`TRANSMISSION
`
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`
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