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`PMC Exhibit 2067
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`Apple v. PMC
`IPRZO16-00753
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`PMC Exhibit 2067
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 1
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`
`Electronics, Television, Radio, Audio
`
`MARCH 1977
`
`Vol83
`
`No 1495
`
`Contents
`
`31 The consciousness industry
`32 Electronic rhythm unit by A. Battaiotto and G. Ronzi
`37 News of the month
`UK to consult on frequency allocations
`Miniature television set·
`Government suppprt for electronics industry
`41 Circuit ideas
`Octal display for microprocessors
`Semiconductor tester
`Linear voltage controlled amplifier
`43 H.F. predictions
`44
`Interference from amateur stations by I. Jackson
`48 EEC data-processing cash
`49 Television pattern generator by R. A. Owen and D. Brenkley
`52 Viewdata - 2 by S. Fedida
`55 Logic design - 3 by B. Holdsworth and L. Zissos
`59 Letters to the editor
`Advanced pre-amplifier design
`Circular insert generator
`Industry to study Citizens' Band
`62 Can oscillators be "common"? by "Cathode Ray"
`Identifying European television - 2 by G. Smith and K. Hamer
`64
`67 Weather satellit~ facsimile machine - 4 by G. R. Kennedy
`69 Special-purpose amplifiers- Circards 3~ by J. Carruthers,
`J. H. Evans, J. Kinsler and P. Williams
`73 Mobile radio communication- 3 by D. A. S. Drybrough
`77 Wireless World index, binding and p.c. boards
`78 World of amateur radio
`79 New products
`122 APPOINTMENTS VA CANT
`136 INDEX TO ADVERTISERS
`
`Front cover shows thelnterior of a
`Mullariscanning coil assembly for
`a colour television tube.
`Photographer Pcwl Brierley
`
`IN OUR NEXT ISSUE
`
`Sensitive metal detector con(cid:173)
`structional design using beat
`frequency oscillator principle but
`with beat oscillator
`frequency
`mixed with 5th harmonic of
`search oscillator frequency.
`
`Power semiconductor survey
`on construction and characteris(cid:173)
`tics .of
`transistors,
`thyristors,
`power Darlingtons and f.e.ts and
`related devices with applications
`and circuits.
`
`Stereo coder. ln~trument pro·
`viding a signal for testing stereo
`receivers and tuners or distribut(cid:173)
`ing programmes in showrooms,
`etc. The design uses no induc(cid:173)
`tors, thus simplifying construc(cid:173)
`tion.
`
`Current issue price 35p, back issues (if av~ilable) .50p, at Retail and Trade Counter, Paris Garden,
`London SEI. By post, current issue 55p, back issues (if availabler 5Gp, ofder and payment to Room 11,
`Dorset House, London SEI 9LU.
`"Editorial & Advertising office" Dorset Hou:;c .. Stainford Street. London SEI 9LU.
`Telephones: Editorial 01-261 8620: Advertising 01-261 8339.
`Telegrams/Telex. Wiworld Bisnespres 25137 London. Cables. -·Eihaworld. London SEI."
`Subscription rates: 1 year: £7.00 Ul< ana overseas ($18.20 USA and Canada). Srudent rate: 1 year. £3.50
`UK and overseas (S9-10 USA and Canada).
`!Distribution: 40 Bowling Green Lane. London EC I R ONE. Telephone 01-837 3636.
`Subscriptions: Oakfield House. Perrymount Rd. Haywards Heath, Sussex RH16 3DH. Telephone
`. 0444 59!88. Subscribers arc requested to notify a change of address. 1(;) I.P.C. Business Press Ltd, 1977 .
`
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`PMC Exhibit 2067
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 2
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`52
`
`Viewdata
`
`2 -Applications of the system
`
`by S. Fedida, B.Sc.(Eng.), M.Sc., F.I.E.E., A.C.G.I.
`Post Office Research Centre
`·
`
`Wireless Wbrld, March 1977
`
`the possi.ble
`Before dealing with
`applications of Viewdata I will conclude
`the discussion started last month (Fe(cid:173)
`bruary issue) on the problem of ensur(cid:173)
`ing adequate communication between
`the user and the computer - what I
`have called the computer dialogue.
`While the index principle is cleady
`adequate for the information service as
`such, a fuller dialogue is needed to cater
`for the very wide range of services
`provided by Viewdata, in particular a
`message facility, calculation and games
`facilities and a range of interactive
`services such as requests for advertising
`literature or other documentation and
`bookings of holidays and hotels.
`The design of the computer dialogue·
`is very important. Information put out
`by the computer to guide the user must
`be simple to understand, it must not be
`ambiguous and must not appear to
`demand more than one reply at a time.
`Furthermore the action to be taken. by
`the user following the display of a frame·
`of information must be clearly indicat(cid:173)
`ed, i.e. the prompt must always be
`inserted to ensure that the user does not
`lack guidance regarding the next step.
`An example of part of a dialogue in
`the message service is shown in Fig. 1. It
`gives the flavour of the requirement and
`indicates some of the pitfalls.
`A third aspect of the communications
`arrangements between user and com-:.
`puter concerns the general purpose set
`of non-indexed or dialogue instructions
`whieh may be needed by the user in the
`course of a session. The object of these
`instructions, which . are only . five in
`number, is to assist the user to recover
`from errors real or imagined and thus.
`enable him to maintain control of the
`·situation whatever happens.
`· The set of instructions selected for
`Viewdata for recovery from errors and
`more generally for coping with
`unfoJCeseen problems is as follows:
`
`l. To return to the top of the selection
`tree: •::::
`This instruction is mainly used at the
`completion of one enquiry, when it is desired
`•to start a new one. Alternatively if the user
`finds himself perhaps on the wrong track, or_
`
`Office version of a
`Viewdata terminal,
`know-n as
`Viewdataphone.
`Note the integral
`keypad and
`telephone handset.
`
`'cannot' intetpret thi>- dialogue, fie uses this
`to make a fr-esh start. In other words, it
`provides a fall back option· for all unexpected
`situations.
`
`.
`2. To recall the previous page: *01
`The purpose of this instruction. is to enable
`the user to check the contents of the previous
`page, in case of miskeying errors, real or
`imaginary.
`3. To recall the current page: •·oo
`The purpose of this instruction is to cause the
`computer to retransmit the current page, in .
`case some: of the information has been
`corrupted. Interestingly enough, little evi(cid:173)
`dence has been seen so far of ·serious data
`corruption-during transmission.
`
`4. To jump to a known page (number
`N): "N:::
`The purpose_of this instruction is to enable
`the user to jump straight to the required
`page, if he knows its number, thus by-passing
`the step by step approach.
`
`5. To correct a miskeying error: '"''
`If an entry. is .in t>rror it may be erased by
`keying •" and.a fresh start made.
`
`These instructions are normally
`engraved on the keypad associated with
`Viewdata, thus providing a constant
`reminder of what action fs. needed. to
`cope with the unforeseen.
`
`Applications of Viewdata
`The range of applications of Viewdata
`theoretically unlimited. In practiCe
`will be determined primarily by
`market - what users want and
`they are prepared to pay for. There
`six distinct service. areas,· each with
`own specific requirements and
`using the interactive capability of
`system to some degree:
`• general information services
`• message communications
`• education
`• calculation
`• personal services
`• in-house and private systems.
`Information. The largest area capable q_;
`immediate development is the informaf!
`tion service area. It has a number ·d ..
`subdivisions, with differing character.;:;:
`istics and treatments, e.g.:
`topiC1\
`information; reference information, d.f,
`vided into general and professional'
`classified advertisements; and shoppin,
`aids.
`. The range of topical information itse_.
`covers a number of different items, su<:,
`as news, sports results and weath~
`information, each item in turn coril
`prising a very wide spectrum such:,; .
`local news, national and internation~"
`events, business news, items of inter~,
`
`----------------------------------------------------------
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`Wireless World, March 1977
`
`to the domestic viewer, to the business
`viewer, etc. This section of the infor(cid:173)
`mation data base is the one most closely
`related to that of teletext. The major
`difference is that whereas in teletext the
`information is more likely to be in
`abbreviated or headline form because of
`the obvious limitation of the restricted
`total amount of information available,
`in Viewdata the information is in much
`more detailed form and of course has a
`considerably greater scope and variety.
`Reference information is a large field
`which could cover items such as train
`and bus time tables, and perhaps air
`time tables, telephone directories and
`"Yellow pages" of local and national
`interest. It could also cover information
`on leisure activities such as games,
`hobbies and sports, do-it-yourself and
`gardening information, recipes and
`holiday and tourist information. Other
`topics of interest could be money
`matters and savings, tax information,
`jobs and careers information, and a
`wealth of specialist reference informa(cid:173)
`tion for the businessman and profes(cid:173)
`sional user.
`Classified advertisements are poten(cid:173)
`tially a very important sector of the
`
`information spectrum, since, given
`adequate coverage, classified advertise(cid:173)
`ments may be available in everybody's
`home at the touch of a button when
`required, with an immediacy unrivalled
`by any other medium. By the same
`token items no longer available may be
`removed instantly from the data base,
`thus avoiding unnecessary enquiries
`and potential frustration. A major
`benefit of the classified advertisement is
`that it could provide a useful revenue
`which, as in the- case of newspapers,
`could be used to counterbalance a
`proportion of the expenses.
`The interactive capability of Viewda(cid:173)
`ta adds an important dimension to the
`scope of the information services. It
`could be used, for example, to request
`further details about a product adver(cid:173)
`tised or discussed, and in certain cases
`to actually place a purchase order.
`Potentially it is possible to do this
`without the need to place an additional
`telephone call.
`
`Message communication. Viewdata is
`clearly not only an information
`medium, but also a message communi(cid:173)
`cation medium, indeed a "store and
`
`forward" system, for use by the gener~l
`public. The message, once entered intli.e
`computer, would be transmitted as soon
`as communication
`to
`the
`intended
`recipient can be established. _
`The simple message facility so far
`experimented with provides a number
`of options. In the simplest option the
`user may select one or more out of a
`number of standard messages, mainly
`greetings messages, but clearly many
`others are possible. After message
`selection the user needs to supply the
`Viewdata number of the intended
`addresses. Thereafter the action of the'
`system is entirely automatic.
`The message is now automatically
`routed to the local Viewdata computer
`which places a telephone call to the
`addressee. If the telephone number is
`engaged the computer tries again; the
`number of tries may be specified by the
`sender. If the number is not engaged but
`no reply is obtained to the call, after a
`short ringing interval, a red light fitted
`to the Viewdata receiver is switched on
`to indicate that "somebody has called.''
`Indeed arrangements may be made for
`the local computer to attempt a call
`several times, and for the visual indica-
`
`Fig. 1. Example of part of a dialogue in the message services
`provided by Viewdata.
`
`Fig. 3. Example of facilities offered by the calculator
`service.
`
`Fig. 2. A maze game which can be played through the system.: two mazes of differing complexity.
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`54
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`tor on the Viewdata set to give a coun.t
`of the unanswered calls.
`When the call is answered,. the
`computer places a high pitched tone on
`the line (1300 Hz), which indicates to
`the user that the Viewdata computer is
`calling. Pushing the data button on the
`telephone ·set causes the computer to
`send the message frame preceded by
`introductory frames to ascertain user·
`number, etc.
`A similar procedure applies when the
`addressee, on returning to his Viewdata
`set, finds the "somebody has called"
`light on. On dialling Viewdata and after
`entering his user number the message is
`delivered.
`Another message option provides the
`· user with the facility of inserting in the
`standard text one or more words,
`numeric or alphanumeriC, e.g. times of
`arrival in a "I shall be arriving on the
`. . . . train" message.
`Finally, users who have the alphabe(cid:173)
`tic keypad may be able to compose their
`own messages.
`All these message options use the
`same method of delivery illustrated
`above and all provide the facility for
`sending one or more messages to one or
`more addressees, in a single transaction,
`'thus saving the user a very considerable
`amount of time, particularly when the
`same message has to be sent to several
`people.
`A simple extension of the message
`facility is the interconnection with
`telex 1• Viewdata benefits in the
`enhancement of its communication
`facilities by its interconnection with an
`extensive telex network with an inter(cid:173)
`national coverage. Telex benefits in
`three ways: it acquires a powerful store
`and forward capability; it acquires 'an
`additional number of customers, not
`normally on the telex network; and it
`could relieve congestion in the telex
`room at peak hours by repeating a telex
`message direct to an executive's View(cid:173)
`datapho!!_e_cm_ his desk.
`A further potential extension of the
`Viewdata message service is in the case·
`of business mail. This could provide a·
`useful load to the Viewdata computer
`network, during the night, for example,
`when its facilities are mostly unused.
`Finally because Viewdata displays
`messages visually on the domestic tv
`receiver, it could provide a cheap and
`convenient way for deaf people to
`communicate at a distance, among
`themselves and with other people.
`
`Education. Viewdata may be applied to
`the education field in three areas. The
`first is the conventional information
`services providing details of educational
`facilities, e.g. what courses are available
`and where, details of qualifications
`required, . and who to apply to. This
`service could be structured under. a
`number of different headings, such as
`subject titles and local facilities, and the
`usual method of access would be
`applied.
`The other'areas are the more exciting
`
`possibilities of using Viewdata to assist'
`in the learning process. Many attempts
`have been made recently, particularly in.
`the United States, to introduce this·
`system of learning (computer assisted
`learning), which has many obvious·
`advantages. It could relieve very consi(cid:173)
`derably the day to day pressure on
`teachers and lecturers, who would then
`be.able to devote .more of their time to
`the individual requirements and diffi- ·
`culties of their pupils. The potentiai of
`this education medium for home-learn,
`ing is also of great importance. ·
`Unlike conventional methods of
`learning, Viewdata, by taking advan(cid:173)
`tage of interactive working, can provide
`the ~tudent with assistance· when
`required and a method of self-monitor(cid:173)
`ing and.s.elf-testing which could greatly
`increase the speed of learning and
`provide the necessary intellectual sti(cid:173)
`mulus to the student.
`·
`Viewda:ta in education could a:lso be
`invaluable to parents in enabling them
`to follow the educational progress of
`their children and thus possibly enable
`them to help ahd encourage them more
`effectively.
`A related aspect of education is the
`games facility where ·again the
`interactive capability of the computer is
`called for. The field for educational
`games is vast and so far two pro"
`·grammes have been experimented with,
`One is MOO, which is an exercise in
`logical thinking; wherein the user has to
`guess a four digit number selected at
`random by the computer. The guessing
`or deduction is made as a result of clues
`given by the computer in response to a
`"guess". The other is a maze game,
`increasing in complexity from the very
`simple to the more complex, which is a
`good example of pattern recognition
`(see Fig. 2).
`
`Calculations. The primary purpose of
`Viewdata is not to provide a calcula(cid:173)
`tions service, but as illustrated earlier
`an information and mess.age service.
`Nevertheless the availabi!Lty of a
`number of distributed computers a local
`call distance away suggests that for
`very little extra cost a useful calculation
`service could be provided. to students,
`small businesses and indeed all who
`might need its fairly limited but paten~
`tially very useful facilities.
`Li-ttle would be gained if the calcula(cid:173)
`tor facilities were limited to those.
`provided by the small mass-produ<;ed
`calculators. Such a service would be·
`hopelessly uncompetitive. Neither
`would a great deal be gained by
`providing the sophisticated facilities of
`the now well established computer
`bureaux. The professional user of'
`extensive computational facilities is
`already well catered for.
`Rather it is Intended to fill the gap
`between the two, some of which Is at.
`present covered by the more expensive
`hand or desk calculator. Unlike these
`more complex and powerful machines,
`however,· the Viewdata approach is to
`
`Wireless World, March 1977
`
`eschew all manuals and complicated
`instructions and so to organise the
`dialogue that users may, without any
`specialised training whatever, carry out
`the calculations they desire. Instruc(cid:173)
`tions for entering requirements are
`given by the system as and when they
`are needed and the dialogue is so
`arranged that errors may be caught
`quite simply as they occur (Fig. 3).
`An additional feature of the calcula(cid:173)
`tion programme is a curve or histo(cid:173)
`gram plotting facility related to the
`computations carried out.
`
`Personal services. We have seen that
`Viewdata users are able to enter
`information into the system for example
`for message purposes. This clearly could
`be extended by arranging that this
`information is only accPssible to the
`user or to one or more other persons
`nominated by him .
`We now enter a fairly sensitive area
`. of security (or privacy) of information.
`Much study will •need to be done to
`ensure that information thus entered is
`indeed reasonably well protected. Ini·
`tially, however, the studies are concen(cid:173)
`trated on information which, in the
`individual's opinion is not too sensitive.
`A user may ehter perhaps reminders to
`himself of meetings, dates, telephone
`numbers, data for his own private use
`and the like. A typical one may be a
`·<> reminder to send flowers to the wife on
`her birthday! Even in such fairly
`innocuous cases, passwords are provid(cid:173)
`ed to ensure that accidental disclosure
`of private information does not occur.
`
`In house and -private data banks. An
`extension of the personal information
`service is the use of the Viewdata
`network to store and provide access to
`information of interest to closed user
`groups on certain specific topics, e.g.
`employees of a business house. Also a
`minimum degree of privacy will need to
`be providt>d, although absolute privacy
`is not an objective of the system, at least
`in the initial stages.
`In the case of closed user groups;
`information and data might be collected
`for the benefit of groups having similar
`interests. For example the source of
`supply of certain commodities used in
`certain categ·ories of business, e.g.
`building supplies with current pric~s,
`availability etc.
`Clearly the range of potential services
`of this nature is open ended. Develop(cid:173)
`ment will no doubt take place in this
`area as the capability of this new;
`medium becomes apparent through
`usage and experimentation.
`The next article will deal with tli~
`operation of the Viewdata system in;
`detail
`
`";~
`Reference
`.\
`1. S. Fedida - Development of Computercj
`based Information Media for the Genera~
`Public. P_aper presented at_ 2nd InternationaJi
`SymposiUm on Subscnber Loops an.~
`Services 3-7 May, 1976. The Institution o:gj
`Electrical Engineers, London.
`
`PMC Exhibit 2067
`Apple v. PMC
`IPR2016-00753
`Page 5