. ......uame
`Hams
`
`High-
`resoluiion TV
`— here come wicuie-screen
`crystal-clear pictures
`
`-New, video components
`speed TV systems that
`match 35-mm-film fidelity
`
`Iv JOHN FREE
`
`WASHINWION, D.C.
`
`For several days, groups of govern-
`t olficials, politicians, and jour-
`nalists crowded into a darkened room
`at CBS‘ ofiices here. We’d come to
`L view arare, one-time collection ofvid-
`eoparfwhatwearegoingtoshow
`you,” CBS's Joseph Flaherty, vice-
`president of engineering develop-
`ment, told my group, "is a combina-
`tion of high-resolution TV, stereo
`sound, wide-screen TV, and enhanced-
`color TV.”
`During the next hour I watched a
`variety- of amazing TV images that
`had extraordinary clarity——more than
`five times the detail of television pic-
`tures you see on conventional home
`receivers. The high-resolution pic-
`tures, a dazzling match for sharp-
`iocus 35-mm slides, were shown on
`4, special “Cincrama-type” direct-view
`if setsandalarge-screenprojection'I7V.
`Other equipment used by CBS, such
`as microelectronic encoding circuits
`and a Sony-built digital video record-
`er, may have a key role-in improved
`fol.'ms—in delivering this new type of
`TV to you during the 1980's.
`Actually, so-called high-definition
`XV (HDTV) has been available for
`use in medical schools
`business applications for a few
`flan. But it» has been limited to live
`:;,%’l,fi£issions using only cameras and
`‘ l
`Recently, professional
`> machines capable of record-
`QUPV were unveiled. As a result,
`directors may soon put
`science
`
`:
`3
`
`high-resolution TV to work in produc-
`ing movies, and broadcast networks
`will use it to enhance the quality of
`standard programing.
`CBS has still another reason for pro-
`moting HDTV. It and other broadcast-
`ers require transmission channels to
`get these superdidelitycpictures into
`your home. For reasons detailed be-
`low, high-resolution TV can’t be car-
`ried easily onregular TV channels-
`and no one plans to disrupt today’s
`standard TV programing based on the
`525-line NTSC (National Television
`Standards Committee) format.
`But HDTV can be transmitted into
`homes by direct-broadcast satellite.
`CBS is telling officials that it’s vital to
`reserve HDTV frequencies on a new
`class of satellites slated for‘ launch
`within a few years.
`
`More pixels, better picture
`How does HDTV diifer technically
`from standard TV? Standard NTSC
`sets, functioning perfectly, can dis-
`play 483 (not 525) horizontal scan
`lines created as electron beams paint
`TV pictures by sweeping back and
`forth over picture-tube phosphors.
`Each horizontal scan line can resolve,
`or display, 436 separate picture ele-
`ments, called pixels—an NTSC pic-
`ture can display 210,588 pixels.
`In practice, new sets equipped with
`so-called comb filters [PS, Aug.
`'78]
`show only about 330 horizontal ele-
`ments; most older sets average only
`about 250 picture elements per scan
`line. By contrast, although no firm
`standardsyhave been set, a 1,125-line
`HDTV picture might contain not
`twice but some five times as many pix-
`els (one million) eompared with an
`ideal NTSC image. Each one of the
`high-resolution scanning lines carries
`more image detail, and each is longer
`
`because of the wide-screen picture for-
`mat. As a result, high-resolution TV
`requires more frequency space, or
`bandwidth—typically, 30 MHz versus
`4.2 MHz for standard NTSC TV.
`‘
`“The NTSC system has given us
`very good service during the last 25 to
`30 years,” said Flaherty, "but we are
`pressing it to its maximum as pictures
`get larger and larger." A demonstra-
`tion made this very apparent. Two
`cameras were set up in an adjacent
`room overlooking a street. One was a
`state-of-the-art CBS camera to dis-
`play standard 525-line TV pictures.
`The other was a 1,125-line model
`made for Japan’s public broadcasting
`corporation (NHK).
`The 525-line camera piped its pic-
`tures’ to a Kloss projection TV before
`us with a six-foot-diagonal screen (and
`to regular TV studio monitors). The
`NHK HDTV camera sent its pictures
`to a Matsushita-built wide-format
`projection TV and wide-format moni-
`tors (see color pictures).
`Pictures of a bowl of fruit were
`impressive on the 525-line Kloss and
`smaller monitors. But contrasted with
`the crystal-clear images on the HDTV
`sets, the limitations of N'I‘SC pictures
`were dramatic. Training both cam-
`eras on the street below produced even
`sharper contrasts. I could read license
`plates and other vehicle lettering on
`HDTV sets that were a hopeless blur
`on 525-line receivers.
`Why do today’s sets have a squarish
`picture ratio four units wide and three
`high? "It was chosen for very simple
`reasons," said Flaherty. "First, it was
`all we could do [technologically], and
`it was the way films were made,” he
`said, describing the 1940's mono-
`chrome-TV format.
`An HDTV system unveiled by Sony
`Continued
`
`PMC Exhibit 2008
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`Apple v. PMC
`|PR2016-00753
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`IPR2016-00753
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