The American
`.
`Heritage Dictionary
`
`of the English Language
`
`O U R T H E D I T I O N
`
`fi
`m
`m,
`
`msm**
`
`H O U G H T O N M I F F L I N H A R C O U R T
`Boston New York
`
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`
`Table of Contents
`
`Entries with Notes
`Introduction
`JOSEPH P. PICKETT
`Editorial and Production Staff
`Special Contributors and Consultants
`The Usage Panel
`Regional Patterns of American Speech
`LEE PEDERSON
`Variation and Change in Our Living Language
`JOHN R. RICKFORD
`Usage in The American Heritage Dictionary
`GEOFFREY NUNBERG
`Guide to the Dictionary
`Pronunciation Key
`
`VI
`viii
`
`x
`xi
`xiii
`xvi
`
`XXX
`xxxviii
`
`of the English Language
`
`CHARTS AND TABLES
`
`Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage,
`Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
`shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
`investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
`word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
`word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
`Publisher's opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
`rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
`affecting the validity of any trademark.
`
`American Heritage and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
`American Heritage Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement
`with American Heritage Inc.
`
`Copyright © 2009, 2006, 2000 Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
`Publishing Company. All rights reserved.
`
`No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
`by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
`recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without
`the prior written permission of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt unless
`such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Address
`inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt,
`222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116.
`
`ISBN-13: 978-0-618-70172-8
`ISBN-10: 0-618-70172-9
`ISBN-13: 978-0-618-70173-5 (hardcover with CD-ROM)
`ISBN-10: 0-618-70173-7 (hardcover with CD-ROM)
`
`Visit our websites: wwwchmhbooks.com
`or www.ahdictionary.com
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.-4th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover) — ISBN 0-618-08230-1
`(hardcover with CD ROM)
`1. English language-Dictionaries
`PE1628 .A623 2000
`423~dc21
`
`00-025369
`
`Manufactured in the United States of America
`
`i:.'ir-zus<ipeati Roots
`Indo- European and the Indo-Europeans
`CALVERT WATKINS
`Guide to Appendix I
`Indo-European Sound Correspondences
`APPENDIX I Indo-European Roots
`
`..---he RoOCS
`Proto-Semitic Language and Culture
`JOHN HUEHNERGARD
`S Aide to Appendix II and Chart of the
`Semitic Family Tree
`APPENDIX II Semitic Roots
`
`Moure Credits
`
`2007
`
`2016
`2018
`2020
`
`2056
`
`2060
`2062
`
`2069
`
`Table of Alphabets
`Development of the Alphabet
`
`Books of the Bible
`
`51
`52
`177
`
`Three Principal Calendars
`
`263
`365
`Color
`448-449
`Currency
`Periodic Table of the Elements 578-579
`736
`Geologic Time Scale
`1088-1089
`1342
`1405
`1723
`1752
`1774
`
`Measurement Table
`
`Planets of the Solar System
`
`Proofreader's Marks
`
`Subatomic Particles
`Symbols and Signs
`
`Taxonomy of Life
`
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`

`
`bourdon | Bowen
`
`*
`
`White
`photographed in 1940
`
`Bouvier des
`Flandres
`
`s
`
`bouzouki
`
`bowerbird
`satin bowerbird
`Ptilonorhynchus violaceus
`male (foreground) displaying
`to female
`
`I .
`
`bow - :
`bowhead whale
`Balaena mysticetus
`
`218
`
`(later dukes) of Bourbon until 1527, when Francis 1 added it to the
`French crown lands.
`bour*dort (bobr'dn) n. 1. The drone pipe of a bagpipe. 2. The bass
`string, as of a violin. 3. An organ stop, commonly of the 16-foot pipes,
`medium in scale but with dark timbre, j Middle English burdoun, bass,
`from Old French bourdon.]
`bourcj (boorg) n. 1. A market town. 2 . A medieval village, especially
`one situated near a castle. [French, from Old French, from Late Latin
`burgus, fortress, of Germanic origin. See bhergh-2 in Appendix I.]
`bourgeois (boor-zhwa', boor'zhwa's n., pi bourgeois 1. A
`person belonging to the middle class. 2. A person whose attitudes and
`behavior are marked by conformity to the standards and conventions of
`the middle class. 3. In Marxist theory, a member of the property-owning
`class; a capitalist. • adj. 1. Of, relating to, or typical of the middle class.
`2. Held to be preoccupied with respectability and material values.
`(French, from Old French burgeis, citizen of a town, from bourg, bourg.
`See BOLJRG.]
`Bour*geois (boor-zhwa'), Leon Victor Auguste 1851-1925.
`French statesman who was a member of the Permanent Court of Arbi­
`tration at The Hague (1903-1925) and helped draft the Covenant of the
`League of Nations (1919). He won the 1920 Nobel Peace Prize.
`Bourgeois, Louise Born 1911. French-born American sculptor
`whose often erotic sculptures are characterized by elongated figures and
`abstract shapes.
`bour*geoise (bobr-zhwaz', boor'zhwaz') n., pi -geois*es (-zhwa'-
`ziz) A woman belonging to the middle class. [French, feminine of bour­
`geois, bourgeois. See BOURGEOIS.] —bour*geoise' adj.
`bour*geoi*sie (boor'zhwii-ze') n. 1. The middle class. 2. In Marx­
`ist theory, the social group opposed to the proletariat in the class struggle.
`[French, from bourgeois, bourgeois. See BOURGEOIS.]
`bourg*eoi*si*fi*ca*tion (boor-zhwaCa-fLka'shan) n. The act
`or process of adopting or the condition of having adopted the character­
`istics attributed to the bourgeoisie: "Bourgeoisifkation, deplorable as it is,
`has good points too" (Robert M. Adams).
`bour*geoi*si*fy (bobr-zhwa'za-fT) tr.v. -fied, -fy*ing, -fies To
`cause to adopt the characteristics attributed to the bourgeoisie: "Rock hi
`roll. . . had become cozy and bourgeoisified" (Stephen Schiff).
`bour*geon (bur'jan) v. Variant of burgeon.
`Bourges (boorzh) A city of central France south-southeast of Orleans.
`It was a Roman provincial capital under Augustus and the site of a nota­
`ble university that was founded by Louis XI in 1463 but abolished during
`the French Revolution. Population: 69,500.
`Bour*gogrte (bdor-gon'yo) See Burgundy2.
`Bourke-White (burk'hwlf, -wit'), Margaret 1906-1971. Ameri­
`can photographer and writer. An editor of Life magazine (1936-1969),
`she photographed such diverse subjects as the rural South, Soviet life,
`and the release of concentration camp victims.
`boum1 also bourne (born, horn, boom ) n. A small stream; a brook.
`[Middle English, from Old English burna. See bhreu- in Appendix I.j
`bourn2 also bourne (born, born, boom) n. Archaic 1. A destination;
`a goal. 2. A boundary; a limit. (French bourne, from French dialectal
`bosne, borne, from Old French bodne, limit, boundary marker, from Me­
`dieval Latin bodina, of Celtic origin.]
`Bourne*mouth (born'moth, born'-, boom'-) A borough of south­
`ern England on an inlet of the English Channel southwest of Southamp­
`ton. It is a popular resort and fine-arts center. Population: 159,876.
`bour«ree (bdo-ra', boo-) n. 1a. An old French dance resembling the
`gavotte, usually in quick duple time beginning with an upbeat, b. The
`music for this dance. 2. A pas de hourree. [French, from bourrer, to stuff,
`from bourre, hair, fluff, from Late Latin hurra, a shaggy garment.]
`bourse (boors) n. A stock exchange, especially one in a continental
`European city. [French, purse, bourse, from Late Latin bursa, bag. See
`BURSA.]
`bouse also bowse (bouz)
`v. boused, bous*ing, bous*es also
`bowsed, bows*ing, bows*es Nautical —tr. To pull or hoist with a
`tackle. —intr. To hoist. [Origin unknown.]
`hou*Stro*phe*clon (bbVstra-fed'n, -fe'don') n. An ancient
`method of writing in which the lines are inscribed alternately from right
`to left and from left to right. [From Greek boustrophedon, turning like
`an ox while plowing : bous, ox; see gwOU- in Appendix I + strophe, a
`turning (from strephein, to turn; see streb(h)- in Appendix l).j —bou*
`stroph'e*don'ic (-strof'i-don'ik) adj.
`bout (bout) n. 1. A contest between antagonists; a match: a wrestling
`bout. 2. A period of time spent in a particular way; a spell: "His tremen­
`dous bouts of drinking had wrecked his health" (Thomas Wolfe). [From
`obsolete English bought, a turning (influenced by ABOUT), from Middle
`English, from bowen, to bend, turn. See BOW2.]
`bou*tl'que (boo-tek') n. 1a. A small retail shop that specializes in
`gifts, fashionable clothes, accessories, or food, for example, b. A small
`shop located within a large department store or supermarket. 2. A small
`business offering specialized products and services: an investment bou­
`tique; a health-care boutique. [French, from Old French botique, small
`shop, from Old Provencal botka, from Latin apotheca, storehouse. See
`APOTHECARY.)
`boutique brewery n. See microbrewery.
`bou*ton (hob-ton') n. A knoblike enlargement at the end of an axon,
`where it forms a synapse with other neurons. [French, button, from Old
`French. See BUTTON.]
`bou®ton®niere also bou*ton*niere (bdo'ta-nir', -tan-yar') n. A
`flower or small bunch of flowers worn in a buttonhole. [French bouton-
`niere, from Old French, buttonhole, from bouton, button. See BUI TON.)
`
`BoU*trOS~Gha«li (bdo'tros-ga'le), Boutros Born 1922. E\
`diplomat who served as secretary-general of
`the United !
`(1992-1996).
`' "
`b O U ® V a r • d i • a (b (> b - v a r' d e - a i n. Any of several Mexican and <
`,-i- ,
`American shrubs or herbs of the genus Bouvardia cultivated feu
`i,.
`showy, narrowly tubular, variously colored flowers grouped in tt. r.n
`cymes. [New Latin Bouvardia, genus name, after Charles t
`(1572-1658), French physician.]
`Bou*vet Island (bdo'va) A Norwegian dependency in the sc
`Atlantic Ocean near the Antarctic Circle south-southwest of the (
`Good Hope.
`Bou*vier des Flan*dres fboo-vya' da fian'cbrz, da f l a N '
`Any of a breed of large, strong dogs developed in Belgium, h;
`rough, fawn to black coat and originally used for herding and gi
`cattle. [French : bouvier, cowherd + des, of + Flandres, Flanders.]
`b0U*20U*ki (bdb-zbb'ke, lx>-) n., pi. -kis A Greek stringed
`ment having a long fretted neck and usually pear-shaped body. [1'
`Greek mpouzouki, probably of Turkish origin.]
`Bo*vet (bo-va', -vet'), Daniel 1907-1992. Swiss-born Italian
`ologist. He won a 1957 Nobel Prize for the development of muscl
`ants and the first synthetic antihistamine.
`bo*vid f bo'vid) adj. Of or belonging to the family Bovidae
`includes hoofed, hollow-horned ruminants such as cattle, sheep
`and buffaloes. • n. A member of the family Bovidae. [From Ne
`Bovidae, family name, from Latin bos, bov-, cow. See BOVINE.]
`bo*virie (bo'vin', -ven') adj. 1. Of, relating to, or resemblin
`minant mammal of the genus Bos, such as an ox, cow, or buffalo. 2. Hag­
`gish, dull, and stolid. • n. An animal of the genus Bos. [Late Lav
`nus, from Latin bos, bov-, cow. See gwou- in Appendix I.j
`bovine growth hormone n. Abbr. BGH A hormone c
`that regulates growth and milk production. It is also produced by
`engineering and administered to cows to increase milk productic
`called bovine somatotropin.
`bovine spongiform encephalopathy n. Abbr. BSE
`fectious degenerative brain disease occurring in cattle. Also calL
`cow disease.
`bow1 (bou) n. Nautical 1. The front section of a ship or boat. 2.
`oar or the person wielding the oar closest to the bow. [Middle
`bone, probably of Low German origin. See bheug- in Appendix
`bow2 (bou) K bowed, bow*ing, bows —intr. 1. To bend c
`downward; stoop. 2. To incline the body or head or bend the
`greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or vein
`3. To yield in defeat or out of courtesy; submit. See synonyms ai yield,
`—tr. 1. To bend (the head, knee, or body) to express greeting, c
`„
`courtesy, acknowledgment, submission, or veneration. 2. To ."CM
`(greeting, for example) by bending the body. 3. To escort defere mi
`bowed us into the restaurant. 4. To cause to acquiesce; submit. 5. T: m •
`burden: Grief bowed them down. • n. An inclination of the head o i
`•> u
`as in greeting, consent, courtesy, acknowledgment, submission,
`eration. —phrasal verb: bow out To remove oneself; wi
`— Idiom: bow and scrape To behave obsequiously. [Middle
`bowen, from Old English bftgan. See bheug- in Appendix L]
`bow3 (bo) n. 1. A bent, curved, or arched object. 2. A weap<
`sisting of a curved, flexible strip of material, especially wood, strv
`from end to end and used to launch arrows. 3a. An archer, b. .
`considered as a group. 4a. Music A rod having horsehair drawn
`between its two raised ends, used in playing instruments of the vie
`viol families, b. A stroke made by this rod. 5. A knot usually having tin-
`loops and two ends; a howknot. 6a. A frame for the lenses of a
`eyeglasses, b. The part of such a frame passing over the ear. 7.
`bow. 8. An oxbow, •v. bowed, bow*ing, bows — tr. 1. 1
`(something) into the shape of a bow. 2. Music To play (a stringed
`ment) with a bow. —intr. 1. To bend into a curve or bow. 2. A-
`play a stringed instrument with a how. [Middle English bowe, frt
`English boga. See bheug- in Appendix I,]
`BOW (bo), Clara Known as "the It Girl." 1905-1965. American
`whose roles in silent films, such as Mantrap (1926) and It (1927
`her a symbol of the Roaring Twenties.
`bow compass (ho) n. A drawing compass with legs that a
`nected by an adjustable metal spring band.
`• bow*da*cious (bo'da'shas) adj. & adv. Southern & South A
`U.S. Variant of bodacious.
`Bow*ditch (bou'dich), Nathaniel 1773-1838. American ma
`tician and astronomer noted for his works concerning navigation
`bowd*ler*ize (bod'b-riz', boud'-)
`tr.v. -ized, -iz*ing, -iz*es
`To remove material that is considered offensive or objectionab
`(a book, for example). [After Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825), who po­
`lished an expurgated edition of Shakespeare in 1818.] —bowd'ler*
`ism n. —bowd'ler*i*za'-tion (-Hr-i'-za'shan) n. —bowd'fer^z'er
`n.
`bow*el ibou'al, boul) n. 1a. The intestine. Often used in the
`b. A part or division of the intestine: the large bowel. 2. bowels L'w
`interior of something: in the bowels of the ship. 3. bowels Arch
`seat of pity or the gentler emotions. [Middle English, from Old
`boel, from Latin botellus, small intestine, diminutive of botulus, sa
`Bow*ell (bo'al), Sir Mackenzie 1823-1917. British-born G
`prime minister (1894-1896) who later led the Conservative opf
`(1896-1906).
`bowel movement n. 1. The discharge of waste matter from ;rR'
`large intestine; defecation. 2. The waste matter discharged from t
`intestine; feces.
`Bow*en (hd'an), Catherine Drinker 1897—1973. Americai
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`
`dollar cost averaging | domestic partner
`
`ish
`
`'
`
`• 2<3«tior
`
`ar*dc
`
`te
`
`'tion
`to t
`
`-;c-—,e?- token payment toi sen ices
`
`investment of a fixed dollar
`"„i.d or in the market as a whole, on
`investment will rise over time and
`_• • j-crmediate highs and lows
`. lore otters its merchandise on sale
`u Di iw.es.
`_ a i m e d a t f u r t h e r i n g t h e i n t e r e s t s
`jijng the investment of U.S. capital
`\riei to safeguard a nation's foreign
`
`- .I'iifishoi -fish*es vrmoop-
`
`•'^n! The replacement of a coun-
`- \\-,\< —dol'lar*ize' ! n tv',
`
`- r-cents') adj. Considered or ex­
`>; dollars-and-cents approach to run­
`
`, ased mainly to indicate a dollar
`
`nsrt 18^2—1934. Austrian politician
`•lahlished an authoritarian, one-party
`Nazis.
`A small model house used as a eM­
`ails and furniture. 2. A house so small
`
`.. mp or portion of a solid matter: a
`-ttiiy or splash of a liquid: a dollop of
`. a lollop of truth to the story. [Earlier
`egjan dolp, lump.]
`;i 'iial A child's doll. 2a. A low mobile
`' for transporting heavy loads, b. Such
`underneath a motor vehicle, c. A hand
`-ed to transport a movie or television
`Lomotive, as for use in a railroad yard
`oden implement for stirring clothes in
`one end of a rivet while the opposite
`ead. 7. A small piece of wood or metal
`em damage to the pile while it is being
`hes To move the wheeled apparatus on
`a is mounted toward or away from the
`
`dn) n. A colorfully spotted trout
`forth America and eastern Asia. [After
`for her colorful costume in the novel
`s-3
`>l*masoi dol*ma*des(doJ ma'dcSj
`rape leaf or cabbage leaf, cooked with
`rice. [Turkish, filling.]
`ins A woman's garment having cape-
`rman, from Hungarian dolmany, from
`mak, to wind.]
`ve that is very wide at the armhole and
`
`See portal tomb. [French, from
`i (influenced by taol, table) of tol, key
`-) n. 1. A white or light-colored rnin-
`1 in fertilizer, as a furnace refractory,
`• ic material. 2. A magnesia-rich sedi-
`: ie. [French, after D£odat de Dolomieu
`-do!'o*mit'ic (-mit'ik) adj. —dol'-
`; n. —dol'o*mit*ize; (-ml-tlz') v.
`dol'a-) A range of the eastern Alps
`m (10,965 ft). The dolomitic limestone
`:heir vivid coloring at sunrise and sun-
`
`:ef. [Middle English dolour, from Old
`; >m dolere, to suffer, feel pain, j
`8c adj. Musk In a mournful or plain­
`-
`; ection. [Italian, from Latin dolorosus,
`
`adj. Marked by or exhibiting sorrow,
`1 m Old French doloros, from Late Latin
`v. oi^.j —do'lor*ous*ly adv. —do'-
`
`tish Variant of dolor,
`dolphin or -phins 1. Any of various
`as the bottle-nosed dolphin, of the
`ne whales but generally smaller and
`i "ge marine food and game fish (Cory-
`f.e in tropical waters, having an irides-
`p blunt forehead, and a long continu-
`yfish, dorado, mahi-mahi. b. A similar
`j saving silvery or pale yellow sides. Also
`••in. 3a. A buoy, pile, or group of piles
`•up of piers that is used as a fender at
`ild French daulfin, blend of daufin and
`Medieval Latin *dalfinus, from Latin
`
`delphinus, from Greek delphis. delphin-, from delphus, womb (from its
`shape).]
`dol*phin«fish tdoi'fm-fish', dol'-) n., pi dolphinfish or -fish«es
`See dolphin (senses 2a, 2b l
`dolphin kick n. A swimming kick used mainly in butterfly in which
`the legs are extended straight back and moved up and down in unison
`with a slight bend in the knees on the upward movement,
`dolphin Striker n. A small vertical spar under the bowsprit of a
`sailboat that extends and helps support the martingale.
`Doi*phy (dol'fe), Eric Allan 1928-1964. American jazz clarinetist
`noted for his unconstrained solos and for introducing Eastern musical
`traditions into jazz.
`doit (dolt) n. A stupid person; a dunce. [Middle English dulte, from
`past participle of dullen, to dull, from dul, dull. See DULL. [ —dolt'ish
`•u!j —dolt'ish*ly adv. —dolt'ish*ness n.
`Oom (dom) n. 1. (also doN) Used formerly as a title for male members
`of Portuguese and Brazilian royalty, aristocracy, and hierarchy, preceding
`the given name. 2. Roman Catholic Church Used as a title before the
`names of Benedictine and Carthusian monks in major or minor orders.
`[Portuguese, from Latin dominus, lord, master. See dent- in Appendix 1.]
`Dom. abbr. 1. Dominica 2. Dominican 3. dominion
`-dom suff. 1. State; condition: stardom. 2a. Domain; position; rank:
`dukedom, b. Those that collectively have a specified position, office, or
`character: officialdom. [Middle English, from Old English -dom. See
`dhe- in Appendix I.]
`do*main (do-man') n. 1. A territory over which rule or control is
`exercised. 2. A sphere of activity, concern, or function; a field: the
`domain of history. See synonyms at field. 3. Physics Any of numerous
`contiguous regions in a ferromagnetic material in which the direction of
`spontaneous magnetization is uniform and different from that in neigh­
`boring regions. 4. Law a. The land of one with paramount title and ab­
`solute ownership, b. Public domain. 5. Mathematics a. The set of all
`possible values of an independent variable of a function, b. An open
`connected set that contains at least one point. 6. Biology Any of three
`primary divisions of living systems, consisting of the eukaryotes, bacte­
`ria, and archaea, that rank above a kingdom in taxonomic systems that
`are based on similarities of DNA sequences. 7. Computer Science A group
`of networked computers that share a common communications address.
`[French domaine, blend of Old French demaine (from Late Latin domini-
`cum) and Latin dominium, property, both from dominus, lord. See dent­
`in Appendix I.J
`domain name n. A series of alphanumeric strings separated by pe­
`riods, such as www.hmco.com, that is an address of a computer network
`connection and that identifies the owner of the address,
`dome (dom) n. 1a. A vaulted roof having a circular, polygonal, or
`elliptical base and a generally hemispherical or semispherica! shape, b. A
`geodesic dome. 2. A domelike structure, object, or natural formation.
`3. Chemistry A form of crystal with two similarly inclined faces that meet
`at an edge parallel to the horizontal axis. 4. Slang The human head. 5.
`Archaic A large, stately building. • v. domed, dom*ing, domes -~~lr.
`1. To cover with or as if with a dome. 2. To shape like a dome. —intr.
`To rise or swell into the shape of a dome. [From French dome, dome,
`cathedral (from Italian duomo, cathedral, from Latin domus, house; see
`dem- in Appendix I) and from French dome, roof (from Provencal
`doma, from Greek doma, house; see dem- in Appendix I).] —dom'al
`(do'mal) adj.
`Do*me*ni*chi*no (dd-ma'na-ke'no, -me'ne-) 1581-1641. Italian
`painter of the baroque eclectic school who is noted for his religious and
`mythological works, including several frescoes of Saint Cecilia.
`Domes*day Book (doomz'da', domz'-) also Dooms*day Book
`(doomz'-) n. The written record of a census and survey of English land­
`owners and their property made by order of William the Conqueror in
`1085-1086. [From Middle English domesday, doomsday. See DOOMSDAY.]
`do*meS*tic (da-mes'tik) adj. 1. Of or relating to the family or
`household: domestic chores. 2. Fond of home life and household affairs.
`3. Tame or domesticated. Used of animals. 4. Of or relating to a coun­
`try's internal affairs: domestic issues such as tax rates and highway con­
`struction. 5. Produced in or indigenous to a particular country: domestic
`oil; domestic wine. * n. 1. A household servant. 2a. Cotton cloth, b.
`Household linens. Often used in the plural. 3. A product or substance
`discovered in, developed in, or exported from a particular country. [Mid­
`dle English, from Old French domestique, from Latin domesticus, from
`domus, house. See dem- in Appendix L] —do*mes'ti*caMy adv.
`doames*ti*cate ub-mes'ti-kat') tr.v. -cat*ed, -cat*ing, -cates
`1. To cause to feel comfortable at home; make domestic. 2. To adopt or
`make fit for domestic use or life. 3a. To train or adapt (an animal or
`plant) to live in a human environment and be of use to humans, b. To
`introduce and accustom (an animal or plant) into another region; natu­
`ralize. 4. To bring down to the level of the ordinary person. • n. (-kat,
`-kat') A plant or animal that has been adapted to live in a human envi­
`ronment. —do^mes'ti-ca'tion n.
`do*ITies*tic*i*ty (do'me-stisl-te)
`pi. -ties 1. The quality or
`condition of being domestic. 2. Home life or devotion to it. 3. domes­
`ticities Household affairs.
`doamesatiacize {da-mes'ti-siz') tr.v. -cized, -ciz*ing, -ciz»es To
`domesticate.
`domestic partner n. A person, other than a spouse, with whom
`one cohabits.
`
`Usage Note Many people would now agree that a couple can consist
`of persons living together who are not married or who are not of oppo­
`site sexes. How to refer to such a couple, though, has posed an interesting
`
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`dolphin
`Atlantic spotted dolphin
`Stenella frontalis
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`dome
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`Santa Maria del Fiore.
`Florence, Italy, 1420-1436,
`by Fiiippo Brunelleschi
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`a pat
`a pay
`av care
`a father
`e pet
`e be
`i pit
`ipie
`ir pier
`6 pot
`6 toe
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`-m
`• •
`ou out
`ob took
`6b hoot
`11 cut
`ur urge
`th thin
`th this
`hw which
`zh vision
`o about, item
`• regionalism
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`Stress marks:' (primary);
`' 'secondary), as in
`' '• •
`ilkliunur\
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`533
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`NxSTAGE Ex 2001-4
`Nipro v NxStage
`IPR2016-00744