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`Published by
`Standards Information Network.
`IEEE P~e$S .:"~ `_
`
`001
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1021
`
`

`
`C()OLEY GODWA+RD LLP
`
`JUL ~ 8 2005
`5 PALO ALTO SQUARE
`PALO ALTO, CA 94306
`
`IEEE 100
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards Terms
`
`1' 99
`
`Seventh Edition
`
`O'EEE
`Published by
`Standards Information Network
`IEEE Press
`
`002
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1021
`
`

`
`Trademarks and disclaimers
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`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`IEEE 100 : the authoritative dictionary of IEEE standards terms.-7th ed.
`p. cm.
`ISBN 0-7381-2601-2 (paperback : alk. paper)
`1. Electric engineering—Dictionaries. 2. Electronics—Dictionaries. 3. Computer
`engineering—Dictionaries. 4. Electric engineering—Acronyms. 5. Electronics—Acronyms.
`6. "Computer engineering—Acronyms. I. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
`
`TK9 .I28 2000
`621.3'03—dc21
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`00-050601
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`003
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1021
`
`

`
`bngitudinal redundancy check
`
`640
`
`loopback
`
`ted as a function of distance along the line.
`(T&D/PE) 430-1986w
`longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) (1) (data tr~nsmis-
`sion) Asystem of error control based on the formation of a
`block check following preset rates. Note: The check forma-
`tion rule is applied in the same manner to each chuacter.
`(COM) [49]
`(2) A E~arity check performed bit-wise on the rows of a string
`of characters represented in matrix form, with each bit for
`each character representing one column in the matrix. Note:
`The LRC is the comparison of the parity of the rows before
`and after an operation such as a magnetic tape read or trans-
`mission through a data communication channel. See also: ver-
`(C) 610.7-1995
`tical redundancy check.
`longitudinal resonances (laser maser) (in a beam resonator)
`Resonances corresponding to modes having the same field
`distribution transverse to the beam, but differing in the num-
`ber of half period field variations along the axis of the beam.
`Note: Such resonances Ire separated in frequency by approx-
`imatety v/2G where v is the speed of light in the resonator and
`2L is the round trip length of the beam in the resonator.
`(LEO) 586-1980w
`longitudinal (common mode) signal (telephone loop per-
`formance) The longitudinal voltage is half the algebraic sum
`of the voltages to ground in the two conductors (tip and ring).
`The longitudinal current is the algebraic sum of the current
`(COM/TA) 820-1984r
`in these conductors.
`longitudinal voltage (1) (power fault effects) A voltage acting
`in series with the longitudinal circuit. (PE/PSC) 367-1996
`(2) See also: common-mode voltage.
`(LM/C) 802.31-1990s
`longitudinal wave (1) A wave in which the direction of ills-:
`placement at each point of the medium is the same as the
`(Std100) 270-1966w
`direction of the propagation.
`(2) In a plasma, the type of wave whose restoring force is
`electrostatic. The associlted electric field and particle velocity
`is in the direction of propagation with accompanying chazge
`(AP/PROP) 211-1997
`density fluctuations.
`long-lever relay armature An armature with an armature ratio
`(EEC/REE) [87]
`greater than 1: 1.
`long-►ine adapter (telephone switching systems) Equipment
`inserted between a line circuit and the associated stations) to
`allow conductor loop Resistances greater than the maximum
`(COM) 312-1977w
`for which a system is designed.
`long-line current Cunene (positive electricity) flowing through
`the earth from an anodic to a cathodic uea that returns along
`an underground metallic structure. Note: Usually used only
`where the areas aze separated by considerable distance and
`where the current results from concentration cell action. See
`(IA) [59]
`also: stray-current corrosion.
`long packet A packet with a length of over 1518 B. Synonym:
`over-sized packet. Contrast: short packet.
`(C) 610.7-1995, 610.10-1994w
`long-pitch winding (rotating machinery) A winding in which
`the coil pitch is greater than the pole pitch. See also: direct-
`(PE) [9]
`current commutating. machine.
`long-term settling error The absolute difference between the
`final value specified for short-term settling time, and the value
`1 s afterthe beginning of the step, expressed as a percentage
`(IM/WM&A) 1057-1994w
`of the step amplitude.
`long-term stability (LTS) (power supplies) (ferroresonant
`voltage regulators) The change in output voltage or current
`as a function of time, 1t constant line voltage, load, and am-
`bient temperature (sometimes referred to as "drift"). See also:
`(AES/PEL/ET) [41], 449-1990s
`overall regulation.
`long-term timebase stability The change in time base fre-
`quency (usually given in parts per million) over a specified
`period of time at a specified sampling rate.
`(IM/WM&A) 1057-1994w
`long-time-delay phase trip element Adirect-acting trip device
`element that functions with a purposely delayed action (sec-
`(SWG/PE) C37.100-1992
`onds).
`
`long-time test current (thyristor converter) The specified
`value of direct current that a converter unit or secCion shall
`be capable of carrying for a sustained period (minuCes or
`hours) following continuous operation at a specitiad tower do
`(IA/IPC) 444-1973w
`value antler specific conditions.
`long-time rating A rating based on iii operating interval of five
`(NESC/[~IEC) [86]
`minuCes or longer.
`longwall machine Apower-driven machine used for undercut-
`(PE/EEC/MIN) [l l9]
`ting coal on relatively long feces.
`long-wire antenna A wire antenna that, by virtue of its consid-
`erable length in comparison with the operating wavelength,
`provides a directional radiation pattern.
`(AP/ANT) 145-1993
`longword serial A form of word-serial communication that al-
`lows 32-bit daCa transfers between commanders end servants.
`(C/NIM) 1155-1992
`look A colloquial expression for a single attempt at detection of
`(AES) (86-1997
`a target.
`look up To use acode-decode table or look-up t161e to obtain
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`data values or oilier information.
`look-up table A table of values used in obtaining the value of
`a function usi~ig a table look-up procedure. See also: code-
`(C) 610.5-19)Ow,1084-1986w
`decode table.
`loom See: flexible nonmetallic tubing.
`loop (1) (telephone loop performance) The transmission and
`signaling channel, with or without gain, between the center
`of the end office switch and the network interface. It also
`extends direct current (dc) power to the network interface.
`(COM/TA) 820-1984r
`(2) (signal-transmission system and network analysis) A
`set of branches fozming a closed current. path, provided that
`the omission of any branch eliminates the closed path. See
`also: mesh; signal; ground loop.
`
`(CAS/IE) 155-1960w, [43]
`(3) (A) (software) A sequence of computer program state-
`ments that is executed repeatedly until a given condition is
`met or while a given condition is true. Synonym: iterative
`construct. See also: UNTIL; WHILE; loop control; loop
`body. (B) (software) To execute a sequence of comppter pro-
`(C) 610.12-1990
`gram statements as in definition (A).
`(4) (data transmission) (telephone circuit) In communica-
`tions, loop signifies a type of facility, normally the circuit
`between the subscriber and central office. (Usually a metallic
`(PE) 599-1985w
`circuit).
`loop antenna (1) (data transmission) An antenna consisting of
`one or more complete turns of conductor, excited so as to
`provide an essentially uniform circulatory current, and a ra-
`diation pattern approximating that of an elementary magnetic
`(PE) 599-1985w
`dipole.
`(2) (overhead-power-line corona and radio noise) An an-
`tenna consisting of one or more turns of a conductor. If the
`circulatory current is essentially uniform, the antenna will
`have a radiation pattern approximatuig that of an elementary
`magnetic dipole. Note: The loop antenna responds to the m1g-
`netic field component of the electromagnetic wave, in the
`(T&D/PE) 539-1990
`direction of the loop axis.
`(3) An antenna whose configuration is that of a loop. Note:
`If the electric current in the loop, or in multiple parallel turns
`of the loop, is essentially uniform and the loop circumference
`is small compared with the wavelength, the radiated pattern
`approximates that of a Hertzian magnetic dipole.
`(AP/ANT) 145-1993
`loop assertion A logical expression specifying one or more con-
`ditions that must be met each time a particular point in a
`program loop is executed. Synonym: loop invarilnt. Contrast:
`input assertion; output assertion. See also: inductive assertion
`(C) 610.12-1990
`method.
`loopback An internal arrow that is the output of a box whose
`box number is greater than the box number of the box that
`uses that arrow as input, control, or mechanism. These uses
`arerefeiredto as inputloopback,controlloopback,and mech-
`(C/SE) 1320.1-1998
`anism loopback, respectively.
`
`004
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1021