"An essential resource" _PC Magazine
`~~*~~ OVER 725,000 SOLD
`RATING
`
`Telecommunications •Networking •Information Technologies
`Wired, Wireless, Satellite, Fiber and the Internet
`WANs, MANs, LANs, SANS and PONs • WiFi and WiMAX
`DSL, Cable and BPL • VoIP and IPN •Ethernet and VPNS
`and everything voice, data and video —moving or still
`Nl(~Fi~ I HNN 12,y5U i ~.KMS Uri-IN~L1
`nd
`
`Updated and Expanded Edition
`by Harry Newton
`
`a:..
`eMPBooks -~••
`
`~
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`22nd Edition
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`STAY INFORMED
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`send a blank email to newton@news.cmpbooks.com
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`NEWTON'S TELECOM DICTIONARY
`Copyright 02006 Narry Newton
`email: Harry@HarryNewton.com
`personal web site: www.HarryNewton.com
`business web site: www.InSearchOfThePerfectlnvestment.com
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright conventions,
`including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form whatsoever
`
`Published in the United States by
`CMP Books
`An imprint of CMP Media Inc.
`600 Harrison Street, San Francisco, CA 94107
`Phone 415-947-6615 and Fax 415.9476015
`email: bookorders@cmp.com
`www.cmpbooks.com
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`ISBN Number 157820-319.8
`February 2006
`Twenty Second Edition
`Steven Schoen, Contributing Editor
`Valerie Pippin, Publisher
`Gail Sonri, Managing Editor
`Sachie Jones, Marketing Manager
`Saul Raldan and Damien Casteneda, Cover design
`Brad Greene, Greene Design, Text layout
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`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1017
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`Threshold Of Pain / ii~k
`
`the maximum length of time a customer's call should wait in queue, how long an agent
`should spend on each call, and how many accepting the overflow.
`3. In England in the 1500s, the poor had dirt floors (hence "dirt poor), the wealthy
`had slate floors that would get slippery in the winter when wet, so they spread thresh
`(straw) on the floor to help keep their footing. As the winter wore on, they kept adding
`more thresh until, when you opened the door, it would all start slipping outside. A piece of
`wood was placed in the entranceway—hence, n "thresh hold"
`threshold of pain 1. The present price of local telephone service.
`2. Unbearable noise.
`throttling What happens when your Internet seNice provider decides you're getting
`too much bandwidth (aka speed) on your connection to the Internet. He cuts down the
`speed of your connection. He does this because he has other people or other services (e.g.
`emaiD he wants to provide higher speed service to. Or because he's simply short of a
`speedy connection to the Internet himself.
`through dialing Allows the attendant on a phone system to select a trunk and
`pass dial tone to a restricted phone user so that user may directly dial an outside call.
`throughput The actual amount of useful and non~redundant information which is
`transmitted or processed. Throughput is the end result of a data call. It may only be a small
`part of what was pumped in at the other end. The relationship of what went in one end
`and what came out the other is a measure of the efficiency of that communications net-
`work. Throughput is a function of bandwidth, error performance, congestion, and other fac~
`tors. See also Goodput.
`throw As in "throw a cable". To cut over. See Cutover.
`thumb-typing How we "type" on our Blackberrys and other small wireless
`devices—those with tiny keyboards.
`thumbing How we "type" on our Blackberrys and other small wireless devices—
`those with tiny keyboards. See Blackberry and predictive tent.
`Thumb, Rule of The Rule of Thumb of is derived from an old English law that stat•
`ed a man could not beat his wife with anything wider than a thumb.
`thumbnail Describes the size of an image you frequently find on Web pages. Usually
`photo or picture archives will present a thumbnail version of its contents (makes the page
`load quicker) and when a user clicks on the small image a larger version will appear.
`Sometimes these links will be to a new page containing the larger graphic and other times
`right to the image directly.
`thunking A Microsoft Windows term for the transformation between l b~bit and 32•
`bit formats, which is carried out by a separate layer in the VM. the fundamental idea is to
`make older 16-bit programs work better in newer 32-bit operating systems.
`Thuraya Thuraya is the name of a commercial satellite service which delivers phone
`calls and other mobile communications services in parts of the Middle East, Asia, Africa and
`Europe. It started in in May 2001, It achieved a degree of fame when, in December,
`2003, it was revealed that American intelligence penetrated Saddam Hussein's inner
`entourage before the 2003 Iraq war, finding one of his security aides who used a Thuraya
`satellite telephone, of the kind that American commanders favored. According to accounts
`circulating in Baghdad, Mr. Hussein personally executed the security man after the second
`of two pinpoint bombing strikes that nearly killed him, on March 20 and April 7, 2003.
`After that the use of satellite telephones by his entourage virtually stopped. Mr. Hussein
`was captured in December, 2003. Thuraya phones offer mast of the features of normal cell
`phones, except that they use a constellation of satellites to provide service. Like all satel-
`lite phones, Thuraya's only work outdoors. Thuraya's "country' dialing code is +88216.
`Each Thuraya subscriber has an eight digit number. Thuraya phones have GPS. You can
`access the GPS features from the "GPS manager' submenu. After you figure where you
`are, you can send your coordinates to them via SMS (short message service) which the
`phone supports. Thuraya's carrier modulation is QPSK.
`THz Terahertz (10 to the 12th power hertz). See also Spectrum Designation of
`Frequency.
`THW Thermoplastic vinyl insulated building wire. Flame retardant, moisture and heat
`resistant, 75-C, for use in wet or dry locations.
`TNWN Same as THW but with nylon jacket overall.
`TI Terrestrial Interference.
`TIA 1. Telecommunications Industry Association. TIA represents the telecommunications
`industry in association with the EIA (Electronics Industry Association). TIA represents com-
`panies, which provide communications materials, products, systems, distribution services
`and professional services in the U.S. and around the world. Activities include government
`
`relations, market support activities such as trade shows and trade missions, and standards
`development. TIA began as a group of equipment suppliers in the form of a committee of
`the USTA (United States Telephone Association, now known as the United States Telecom
`Association), splitting off in 1919 to form the USTSA (United States Telecommunications
`Suppliers Association). In 1988, the USTSA merged with the EIA/ITG (Information and
`Telecommunications Technologies Group of the Electronic Industries Association). TIA now
`operates under the umbrella of the EIA as the TIA/EIA, and works in conjunction with the
`USTA. TIA is accredited by ANSI (American National Standards Institute), and contributes
`voluntary standards to that body. In the Fall of 2000, the MultiMedia Telecommunications
`Association (MMTA), the successor organization to NATA, was fully integrated into the
`Telecommunications Industry Association.
`More recently and in connection with the privatization of its Part 68 responsibilities, the
`FCC selected TIA and ATIS (Alliance for Telecommunications Industry Solutions) as joint
`sponsors of the Administrative Council far Terminal Attachments (ACTA). ACTA responsibili-
`ties include adopting and publishing technical criteria for terminal equipment submitted by
`ANSI-accredited standards development organizations, and operating and maintaining a
`database of approved terminal equipment. See also ACTA, ACTAS, NATA, and Part 68.
`www.eia.org and www.tiaonline.org.
`2. Thanks In Advance.
`TIA 568 Commercial Building Telecommunications Wiring Standard, July 91
`ilA 568A Commercial Building Telecommunications Cabling Standard, October 1995
`TIA 569 Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and Spaces,
`Oct 90
`TIA 569A Commercial Building Standard for Telecommunications Pathways and
`Spaces, Aug 97
`TIA 570 Residential and light Commercial Telecommunications Wiring Standard, May
`91
`TIA 606 Administration Standard for the Telecommunications Infrastructure of Commer-
`cial Buildings.
`TIA 607 Commercial Building Grounding and Bonding Requirements for Telecommu~
`nications.
`ilA/EIA The US Telecommunications Industries Association and Electronics Industries
`Association, which have merged. Now just called the Telecommunications Industry
`Association. See TIA for a full explanation.
`TIA/EIA IS~95 See TIA/EIA IS-96.
`TIA/EIA IS-96 IS•96 is the Speech Service Option Standard for Wideband Spread
`Spectrum Digital Cellular System, a new vocoder standard. The standard supports IS-95,
`the North American spread spectrum digital standard based on Code Division Multiple
`Access (CDMA), which was published in July, 1993. The engineering effort to produce IS-
`96 was done in TIA Technical Subcommittee TR-45,5, Wideband Spread Spectrum Digital
`Technologies Standards. The specific vocoder described in IS-96 is a variable rate imple-
`mentation,chosen because of its combination of high voice quality and low average trans•
`mission rate. The IS-96 vocoder provides variable vocoder rates depending on voice activi-
`ry. This variability typically results in an average transmission rate of under 4 Kbps and yet
`provides for reasonably quality voice transmission. The IS-96 also provides a variable noise
`threshold which tracks and eliminates much of the background noise from the speaker's
`environment. You can get copies of both standards from Global Engineering Documents,
`15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112.
`TIA PN-2416 Backbone Cabling Systems for Residential and Commercial Buildings
`Tiananmen Square The largest public space in the world. It is five times the size
`of Moscow's Red Square. See 1949.
`TIC 1. An AT&T term for a digital carrier facility used to transmit a DS-1 formatted digital
`signal at 3.1.52 Mbps.
`2. Token~Ring Interface Coupler. An IBM device that allows a controller or processor to
`attach directly to a TokemRing nehvork. This is an optional part of several IBM terminal
`cluster controllers and front-end processors. See TIC CARD.
`3. See Telphony Interface Control.
`TIC Card Token Ring Interface Coupler is the IBM name for a variety of token ring
`adapter cards used to connect IBM controllers to token ring LANs. See TIC.
`TILE TICE was the mantra of PC Magazine and others in 1999 and 2000. It was the
`great sound echoing from the (very hollow) drums of Silicon Valley: "The Internet Changes
`Everything"
`tick 1. A tick is an increment of time, as measured by a clock. The term refers to the
`
`911
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