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`Thousands of Definitions in
`Astronomy, Biology, Chemistry,
`Physics, Mathematics,
`and Computers i ~ ~~
`
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`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1016
`
`001
`
`

`
`_.
`
`i
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`i i
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`RANDO M HOUSE
`
`' i
`
`COOS ~~
`Library
`
`MAR 2 8 2012
`1 ~ 951 Fr~~~om i~rive .
`Reston, VA 20190
`
`RANDOM HOUSE REFERENCE
`New York
`
`Q 123 .R38 2004
`Random House concise dictionary of
`science &computers
`
`nnTF
`
`;
`
`ISSUED TO
`
`Q 123 .R38 2004
`
`Random House concise dictionary of
`science &computers
`
`COOLEY LLP
`LIBRARY
`11951 Freedom Drive
`Reston, VA 20190
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1016
`
`002
`
`

`
`Random House Concise Dictionary of Science and Computers
`
`Copyright O 2004 by Helicon Publishing, a division of Research Machines, plc.
`Ready-reference section copyright O 2004, 2001 by Random House, Inc.
`
`All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright
`Conventions. Published in the United States by Random House Reference,
`a member ofThe Random House Information Group, a division of Random
`House, Inc., New York. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
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`
`This book is published by arrangement with Helicon Publishing and is based
`on the Collins Dictionary of Science, published in paperback in the UK by
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`0987654321
`ISBN: 0-375-72088-X
`
`Front cover images:
`Mathematical equation: Lawrence Lawry/PhotoDisc/Getty Images
`Molecular Model: TRBfoto/PhotoDisc/Getty Images
`Beakers: TRBfoto/PhotoDisc/Getty Images
`Earth: Chad Baker/PhotoDisc/Getty Images
`Phrenology: Banana Stock/agefotostock
`Computer. Izzy Schwartz/PhotoDisc%Getty,lmages
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`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1016
`
`003
`
`

`
`thorax , thorium
`
`thymus
`
`Polymer
`
`Polymer name
`
`Uses
`
`(CHZ CNZ]n
`
`poly(ethene), polythene
`
`poly(propene),
`polypropylene
`
`bottles, packaging,
`insulation, pipes
`
`moldings, film,
`fibers
`
`polyvinylchlorrde (PVC),
`poly(chloroethene)
`
`insulation, flooring,
`household fabric
`
`polystyrene,
`poly(phenyletheneJ
`
`poly(tetrafluoroethene}
`(PTFE)
`
`insulation, packaging
`
`high resistance to
`chemical and electrical
`reaction, low-friction
`applications
`
`thiamine
`
`Monomer
`
`CH~CH2 ethene
`
`CN~CH-CH3 propene
`
`CH -CN-CL
`ch~roethene (vinyl chloride)
`
`CH~CH-CBFlS
`phenylethene (styrene)
`
`CF2=CF2 tetrafluoroethene
`
`(CH2-CNJn
`~
`CH3
`
`(CHZ-CHJn
`I
`CI
`
`(CHZ-CH)n
`I
`C~5
`
`(CFZ-CfZJn
`
`(n = 1000+)
`
`thermoplastic Examples of thermosoftening plastics, their basic monomer origins, polymer
`names, and everyday uses.
`
`Monomer 1
`
`formaldehyde
`(methanal)
`formaldehyde
`
`phenol
`
`urea
`
`Monomer 11
`
`Polymer name
`
`Uses
`
`PF resins (8akelitesJ
`
`electrical fittings, radio cabinets
`
`formaldehyde
`
`melamine
`
`melamines
`
`UFresins
`
`electrical fittings, insulation,
`adhesives
`laminates for furniture
`
`thermoset Unlike thermoplastics, thermosets remain rigid when set and do not soften when
`heated.
`
`bimetallic strip) to operate a switch or
`valve to control electricity or fuel
`supply. Thermostats are used in central
`heating, ovens, and engine cooling
`systems.
`thiamine or vitamin B~, a water-
`soluble vitamin of the B complex. It is
`found in seeds and grain. Its absence
`from the diet causes the disease
`BERIBERI.
`thigh the lower limb between the pelvis
`and the knee. The thigh-bone (femur),
`is the longest bone in the human body.
`It articulates with the hip-bone above,
`and the tibia (shin-bone) below.
`
`646
`
`Thompson, Benjamin American-born
`British physicist; see Count von
`RUMFORD.
`Thomson, William Irish physicist, see
`Lord xELvix.
`thorax part of the body in four-limbed
`vertebrates containing the xsnxz and
`Luxes, and protected by the ribcage. It
`is separated from the abdomen by the
`d13P11I3gR]. DllLlllg BREATHING
`(ventilation) the volume inside the
`thorax is changed. This then causes air
`to move in or out of the air passages
`that lead to the lungs. The volume of the
`thorax is altered by the contraction of
`
`MusccEs in the diaphragm and the
`contraction of muscles between the ribs
`- the intercostal muscles.
`thorium chemical symbol Th, dark-
`gray, radioactive, metallic element of the
`ncTixinE series, atomic number 90,
`relative atomic mass 232.038. It occurs
`throughout the world in small
`quantities in minerals such as thorite
`and is widely distributed in monazite
`beach sands. It is one of three fissile
`elements (the others are uranium and
`plutonium) and its longest-lived isotope
`has ahalf-life of 1.39 X 10i~ years.
`Thorium is used to strengthen alloys. It
`was discovered by Jons Berzelius in 1828
`and was named by him for the Norse
`god Thor.
`thread in computing, subject line of
`electronic messages within an online
`topic or conference. Most online
`conferencing systems use some kind of
`threading; one advantage is that it
`makes it easy for readers of a particular
`conference or forum to skip over
`sections that do not interest them.
`Threading is an important feature of
`off-line readers, as otherwise it is
`difficult to tell how individual messages
`relate to one another.
`throat in human anatomy, the passage
`that leads from the back of the nose and
`Iri011L}1 t0 Y112 TRACHEA 3rid ESOPHAGUS.
`It includes the rxnxYxx and the
`LnxYrrx, the latter being at the top of the
`trachea. The word "throat" is also used
`to mean the front part of the neck, both
`in humans and other vertebrates; for
`example, in describing the plumage of
`birds. In engineering, it is any narrowing
`entry, such as the throat of a carburetor.
`thrombin substance that converts the
`soluble protein fibrinogen to the
`insoluble fibrin in the final stage of
`blood clotting. Its precursor in the
`bl00dStIE3ri11S PROTHROMBIN.
`thrombocyte in medicine, another
`name for a rLnTaLEr.
`thrombosis condition in which a blood
`clot forms in a vein or artery, causing
`loss of circulation to the area served by
`the vessel. If it breaks away, it often
`travels to the lungs, causing pulmonary
`embolism.
`
`thrush infection usually of the mouth
`(particularly in infants), but also
`sometimes of the vagina, caused by a
`yeastlike fungus (cAr*Dmn). It is seen as
`white patches on the mucous
`membranes.
`thulium chemical symbol Tm, soft,
`silver-white, malleable and ductile,
`metallic element of the LnNTxnNiDE
`series, atomic number 69, relative
`atomic mass 168.94. It is the least
`abundant of the rare earth metals, and
`was first found in gadolinite and various
`other minerals. It is used in arc lighting.
`The X-ray-emitting isotope Tm-170
`is used in portable X-ray units. Thulium
`was named by Swedish chemist Per
`Cleve in 1879 for the northland, Thule.
`thumbnail in computing, a small
`version of a larger image used for
`reference. A rxorocn or clip art
`collection might initially present images
`as thumbnails, while publishing
`programs include the facility for
`designers to produce thumbnail page
`layouts.
`thunderstorm severe storm of very
`heavy rain, thunder, and lightning.
`Thunderstorms are usually caused by
`the intense heating of the ground
`surface during summer. The warm air
`rises rapidly to form tall cumulonunbus
`clouds with a characteristic anvil-shaped
`top. Electrical charges accumulate in the
`clouds and are discharged to the ground
`as flashes of lightning. Air in the path of
`lightning becomes heated and expands
`rapidly, creating shock waves that are
`heard as a crash or rumble of thunder.
`thymine in biochemistry, a colorless
`crystalline solid, also known as 5-
`methyl-2,6-dioxytetrahydropyrimidine.
`Thymine is one of four molecules that
`form the snss Pncxs in the DNA
`molecule, where it is always paired with
`the purine nDExiNE. Its base pairing
`with adenine occurs through hydrogen
`bonding.
`thymus organ in vertebrates, situated in
`the upper chest cavity in humans. The
`thymus processes LYMrxocrra cells to
`produce T-lymphocytes (T denotes
`"thymus-derived"), which are
`responsible for binding. to specific
`
`647
`
`WHATSAPP INC.'S EXHIBIT NO. 1016
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`004