———
`
`PDR MEDICAL DICTIONARY
`
`SECOND EDITION
`
` PW?
`
`Medical
`Dictionary
`
`AVENTIS EXHIBIT 2223
`Mylan v. Aventis IPR2016-00712
`
`1
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`

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`Senior Managing Editor: Maureen Barlow Pugh
`Managing Editor: Barbara Werner '
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`New Terms Editor: Thomas W. Filardo, MD
`Copy Editors: Peter W. Binns, Linda G. Francis, Raymond Lukens, Bonnie Montgomery
`Chief On-Line Editor: Barbara L. Ferfetti
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`On-Line Editors: Kathryn J. Cadle, Dana Workman
`Proofreaders: Peter W. Binns; David A. Bloom, MD; Alfred J. Bollet, MD; Ted Burk; Regina Lavette
`Davis;_John A. Day, Jr., MD, FCCP; Richard Diamanti; John H. Dirckx, MD; Thomas
`W. Filardo, MD; Linda G. Francis; John M. Last, MD, FRACP, FRCPC; Raymond
`Lukens; Kate Mason, CMT; Joan Sarchese
`Database Programmers: Dave Marcus, Lexi—Comp Inc., Hudson, OH
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`.-*3‘ _'§.'.*J -
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`Copyright © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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`Copyright © by William Wood and Company: 1911, 1st ed.; 1912, 2nd ed.; 1914, 3rd ed.; 1916, 4th ed.;
`1918, 5th ed.; 1920, 6th ed.; 1922, 7th ed.; 1924, 8th ed.;‘ 1926, 9th ed.; 1928, 10th ed.; 1930, 11th ed.
`Copyright © by Williams & Wilkins: 1933, 12th ed.; 1935, 13th ed.; 1939, 1_4th ed.; 1942, 15th ed.; 1946,
`16th ed.; 1949, 17111 ed.; 1953, 18th ed.; 1957, 19th ed.; 1961, 20111 ed.; 1966, 21st ed.; 1972, 22nd ed.;
`1976, 23rd ed.; 1982, 24:11 ed.; 1990, 25111 ed.; 1995, 26th ed.
`
`Guide to Pharmaceutical Names copyright'© 2000 by Medical Economics Company Inc., 5 Paragon
`Drive, Monvale, New‘Je1‘sey 07645
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`All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced in any
`form or by any means, including photocopying, or utilized by anyxinformation storage and retrieval sys-
`tem without written permission from the copyright owner.
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`Stedman ’s is a registered trademark of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
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`Physicians’ Desk Reference ® and PDR ® are registered trademarks used herein under license.
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`The publisher is not responsible (as a matter of product liability, negligence or otherwise) for any injury
`resulting from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general
`principles of medical care which should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients.
`Manufacturers’ product information and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, in-
`cluding contraindications, dosages and precautions.
`4
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`Database design by Lexi—Comp Inc., ‘Hudson, OH
`Printed in the United States ofAmerica by World Color, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Stedman, Thomas Lathrop, 1853-1938.
`Stedman’s medical dictionary.—27th ed.
`p.; cm.
`
`ISBN 0-683-40007-X (regular)——ISBN 0-683-40008-‘8 (deluxe)
`1. Medicine.—Dictionaries.
`I. Title: Medical dictionary.
`II. Title.
`[DNLM:
`1. Medicine——Dictionary—English. W 13 S8l2m 1999]
`R121 .S8 1999
`610’.3—dc21
`
`99-056094
`
`000102030405
`12345
`
`2
`
`

`
`antihistaminic
`102
`antigen______
`
`fined disease. This shift peaked in 1992; incidence statis-
`tics have now nearly returned to pre_PsA-screenjng lev-
`els. Prostatic cancer mortality has decfined substantially
`since 1990. Many observers attribute this decline to the
`ability of PSA screening to detect cancer at a curable
`stage. HOWCVCF, the use of PSA testing as well as other
`diagnostic maneuvers to screen asymptomatic elderly men
`for prostate cancer is controversial, since most men with
`prostate cancer do not die of it, and to many observers the
`consequences of aggressive treatment, which may include
`urinary incontinence and impotence, seem worse than the
`disease.
`A..‘......._ _.___
`------— .__. .":.__—..='._-_‘_L"'1
`,,
`’public a.’s, see high frequency blood groups, Blood Groups ap-
`pendix.
`R 21., SEE B—hemolytic streptococci, under streptococcus.
`Rh a.’s, see Rh blood group, Blood Groups appendix.
`Rhus toxicodendron a., an extract of fresh leaves of poison ivy,
`with 0.4% of procaine hydrochloride; used by intradermal injec-
`tion to determine sensitiveness to the poison of Rhus toxicoden-
`dron.
`
`Rhus venenata a., an extract of fresh leaves of poison sumac‘.
`used to determine sensitiveness to the plant or to relieve the
`dermatitis caused by contact with its leaves.
`S a., sYN soluble a.
`’
`sensitized a., the complex formed when a. combines with specific
`antibody; so called because the a., by the mediation of antibody, .
`is; rendered sensitive to the action of complement.
`shock a., an a. capable of producing anaphylactic shock in an
`animal that has been sensitized to it.
`Sm a., see high frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix. '
`soluble a., viral a. that remains in solution after the particles of
`virus have been removed by means of centrifugation; in the case
`of the influenza viruses, it is the internal helical structure, free of
`the external envelope. sYN S a.
`somatic a., an 21. located in the cell wall of a bacterium in contrast
`to one in the flagella (flagellar a.) or in a capsule (capsular a.).
`species-specific a., antigenic components in the tissues and fluids
`of members of a species of animal, by means of which various
`species may be immunologically distinguished; e.g., serum albu-
`min of horses is immunologically different from that of man,
`dogs, sheep, and so on.
`specific a.’s, a.’s that characterize a single genus of microorgan-
`isms.
`
`Stobo a., see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appen-
`dix.
`Streptococcus M a., the somatic a. associated with virulence and
`type specificity of group A streptococci. It is antiphagocytic and
`there are more than 80 different types. sYN M protein (1).
`Sw“ a., see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`‘ Swann a.’s, see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups ap-
`pendix.
`T a.’s, tumor antigens associated wtih replication and transforma-
`tion by certain DNA tumor viruses, including adenoviruses and
`papovaviruses. SEE ALSO [3-hemolytic streptococci, under strepto-
`coccus, tumor a.’s.
`Tac a., an antigenic determinant of the human interleukin 2 re-
`ceptor that is identified by a murine monoclonal antibody, anti-
`Tac. Binding of this antigen with antibodies to TAC prevents the
`proliferation of T cells, which is normally stimulated by binding
`interleukin-2.
`T-dependent a., an a. that requires T helper cells in addition to
`appropriate B cells. Most a.’s are T-dependent.
`theta a. (tha’ta”1), a surface glycoprotein that is present on thymo-
`cytes and mature T cells of mice and rats.
`thymus-independent a., an a. that does not require T helper cell
`activation in order for the host’s B cells to be stimulated. Repeat-
`ing polymers such as polysaccharides are examples of T-ind'e-
`pendent a.’s.
`tissue-specific a., SYN organ-specific a.
`Tj a., see P blood group, Blood Groups appendix.
`Tr” a., see low-frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`
`3
`
`transplantation a., SYN histocumpatibility a.
`tumor a.’s, (1) a.’s that may be frequently associated with tumors
`or may_ be specifically found on tumor cells of thesame origin
`(tumor specific); (2) tumor antigens may also be associated with
`replication and transformation by certain DNA tumor viruses,
`including adenoviruses and papovaviruses. SYN neoantigens. SEE
`ALSO T a.’s.
`
`tumor-associated a., a.’s that are highly correlated with certain
`tumor cells. They are not usually found, or are found to a lesser
`extent, on normal cells.
`tumor-specific transplantation a.’s (TSTA), surface a.’s of
`DNA tumor virus-transformed cells, which elicit an immune re-
`jection of the virus-free cells when transplanted into an animal
`that has been immunized against the specific cell-transforming
`virus.
`
`V a., viral a. that is intimately associated with the virus particle, is
`protein in nature, has multiple antigenicities, and is strain-specif-
`ic; antibody to such a. is demonstrable as protective or neutraliz-
`ing antibody, such as hemagglutinin projections on surface of
`influenza virus.
`Vel a., see highfrequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`Ven a., see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`Vi a., “virulence a.,” an external capsular a. of enterobacteria
`formerly thoughtto be related to increased virulence.
`Vw a., see MNSs blood group, Blood Groups appendix. SYN Gr a.
`Webb a., see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appen-
`dix.
`
`Wr“ a., see low frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`Wright a.’s (Wr“), see low frequency blood groups, Blood
`Groups appendix.
`Xg a., see Xg blood group, Blood Groups appendix.
`Yt“ a., see high frequency blood groups, Blood Groups appendix.
`
`an-ti-ge-ne-mia (an’ti-jé-nE’mé-5). Persistence of antigen in cir-
`culating blood; e.g., HBS-antigenemia (presence of hepatitis B
`virus surface antigen in blood serum). [antigen + G. haima, blood]
`an-ti-gen-ic (an-ti-jen’ik). Having the properties of an antigen
`(allergen). SYN allergenic, immunogenic.
`an-ti-ge-nic-i-ty (an’ti-jé-nis’i-te). The state or property of being
`antigenic. SYN immunogenicity.
`anti-gen-ome.
`The complementary positive RNA strand on
`which is made the negative-strand genome of viruses.
`an-ti-gon-or-rhe-ic (an'té—gon—6-ré’ik). Curative of gonorrhea.
`an«ti-grav-i-ty (an-te-grav’i-te). SEE anti-G.
`an-ti-HB,. Antibody to the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg).
`anti-HBC. Antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg).
`an-ti-HBS. Antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg).
`an-ti-he~lix (an-te-he/liks) [TA]. An elevated ridge of cartilage
`anterior and roughly parallel to the posterior portion of the helix
`of the external ear. SYN anthelix.
`an-ti-helminthic (an’té-hel-minth’ik). SYN anthelmintic (1).
`an-ti-hem-ag-glu-ti-nin (an’té-he—m5—g1oo’ti—nin, an’te—hem-5-).
`A substance (including antibody) that inhibits or prevents hemag-
`glutination.
`an~ti-he-mo-ly~sin (an’té-he-mol’i-sin, an’te-hem-ol’-). A sub-
`stance (including antibody) that inhibits or prevents the effects of
`hemolysin.
`an-ti-he-mo-lyt-ic (an'té-he-m6-lit’ik, an’té—hem-6-). Preventing
`hemolysis.
`an-ti~hem-or-rhag-ic (an’té-hem-6-raj'ik).
`rhage. SYN hemostatic (2).
`an-ti~his-ta-mines (an—te-his’ta-ménz). Drugs having an action
`antagonistic to that of histamine on either H1 or H2 receptors; H1
`type a. are used in the treatment of allergy symptoms; whereas H2
`type a. reduce gastric acidity in ulcer disease and gastroesophage-
`al reflux.
`-
`
`Arresting hemor-
`
`an~ti-his-ta-min-ic (an’té-his-ta-min'ik). 1. Tending to neutralize
`or antagonize the action of histamine or to inhibit its production in
`
`3
`
`

`
`Corticoviridae
`416
`ortex
`;_g___
`visual c., the region of the cerebral c. occupying the entire Surface
`of the occipital lobe, and composed of Brodmann areas 17-19
`Area 17 (which is also called striate c. or area because the line 0%
`Gennari is grossly visible on its surface) is the primary visual C
`receiving the visual radiation from the lateral geniculate body
`the thalamus. The surrounding areas 18 (parastriate c. or area) and
`19 (peristriate c. or area) are probably involved in Subsequent
`steps of visual information processing; area 18 is referred to as the
`secondary visual c. SYN visual area.
`
`graded movements of arm and leg. SYN excitable area, motor area,
`Rolando area.
`I
`c. no’di lymphat’ici [TA], SYN c. of lymph node.
`olfactory c., SYN piriform c.
`orbitofrontal c., the cerebral c. covering the basal surface of the
`frontal lobes. SYN fronto—orbital area.
`ovarian c. [TA], the layer of the ovarian stroma lying immedi-
`ately beneath the tunica albuginea, Composed of connective tissue
`cells and fibers, among which are_ scattered primary and secon-
`dary (antral) follicles in various stages of development; the c.
`varies in thickness according to the age of the individual, becom-
`ing thinner with advancing years. SYN c. ovarii [TA], c. of ovary.
`c."'ova’rii [TA], SYN ovarian c.
`c. of ovary, SYN ovarian c.
`parastriate c., SEE visual c.
`peristriate c., SEE visual c.
`piriform c., the olfactory c., corresponding to the rostral half of
`the uncus; receiving its major afferents from the olfactory bulb, it
`is classified as allocortex. SEE ALSO cerebral c.
`SYN olfactory c., .
`piriform area.
`prefrontal c., SEE frontal c.
`premotor c., a somewhat ill-defined term usually referring to the
`agranular cortex of Brodmann area 6. SYN premotor area.
`primary visual c., SEE visual c.
`provisional c., SYN fetal adrenal c.
`renal c. [TA], the part of the kidney consisting of renal lobules in
`theiouter zone beneath the capsule and also the lobules of the
`renal columns that are extensions inward between the pyramids;
`contains the renal corpuscles and the proximal and distal convo-
`luted tubules. SYN c. renalis [TA].
`c. rena’lis [TA], SYN renal c.
`secondary sensory c., a cortical region occupying the parietal
`operculum (upper lip of the lateral Sulcus) closely posterior to the
`foot of the postcentral gyms; like the primary somatic-sensory c.
`of the postcentral gyrus,
`this region receives sensory impulses
`originating in face, trunk, and limbs; projections to the s.s.c. are
`from the ventral basal complex (ventral posteromedial and poster-
`olateral thalamic nuclei) and from the primary somesthetic cortex.
`secondary visual c., SEE visual c.
`sensory c., formerly denoting specifically the somatic sensory c.,
`but now used to refer collectively to the somatic Sensory, audito-
`ry, visual, and olfactory regions of the cerebral c.
`somatic sensory c., somatosensory c., the region of the cerebral
`c. receiving the somatic sensory radiation from the ventrobasal
`nucleus of the thalamus; it represents the primary cortical process-
`ing mechanism for sensory information originating at the body
`surfaces (touch) and in deeper tissues such as muscle, tendons,
`and joint capsules (position sense); it corresponds approximately
`to Brodmann areas 1, 2, 3 on the postcentral gyrus. SYN somes-
`thetic area.
`
`striate c., SEE visual c.
`supplementary motor c., a region from which, by electrical
`stimulation, the musculature of all bodily parts can be activated,
`as it also can by stimulation of the motor c. of the precentral
`gyrus; the region corresponds approximately to the expansion of
`Brodmann area 6 over the medial surface of the cerebral hemi-
`sphere‘, this area has largely a bilateral representation and is con-
`cerned primarily with tonic and postural motor activities.
`suprarenal c., SYN c. of suprarenal gland.
`c. of suprarenal gland [TA], the outer part of the adrenal gland,
`consisting of three zones from without inward: zona glomerulosa,
`zona fasciculata, and zona reticularisg this part of the adrenal c.
`yields steroid hormones such as corticosterone, deoxycorticoster-
`one, and estrone. SYN c. glandulae suprarenalis [TA], adrenal c.,
`suprarenal c.
`temporal c., SYN temporal lobe.
`tertiary c., SYN paracortex.
`c. thymi [TA], SYN c. of thymus.
`c. of thymus [TA], the outer part of a lobule of the thymus; it
`surrounds the medulla and is composed of masses of closely
`packed lymphocytes. SYN c. thymi [TA].
`
`4
`
`\O
`
`PJOGQ
`
`cor-tex-o-lone (k6r—teks’6—16n). A mineralocorticoid hormone
`from the adrenal cortex.
`
`cor-tex-one (kor-teks'6n). SYN deoxycorticosterone.
`Corti, Marquis Alfonso, Italian anatomist, 1822-1876. SEE c_
`arch, canal, cells, under cell, ganglion, membrane, organ, pillars,
`under pillar, rods, under rod, auditory teeth, under tooth, tunnel;
`pillar cells of C., under cell.
`cor-ti-cal (k6r'ti-kal). Relating to a cortex.
`the
`In phylogenesis,
`cor«ti-cal-i~za-tion (k6r’ti-kal-i-za’sh1”1n).
`migration of function from subcortical centers to the cortex. syN
`encephalization, telencephalization.
`cor-ti-cal-os-te-ot~o-my (k6r’ti—ka1-os-te-ot’6—me). An osteotomy
`through the cortex at the base of the dentoalveolar segment, which
`serves to weaken the resistance of the bone to the application of
`orthodontic forces.
`’
`‘
`cor-ti-cec-to-my (kor-ti-sek’t6-mé). Removal of a specific por.
`tion of the cerebral cortex. [cortic- + G. ektomé, excision]
`cor~ti-ces (k(')r’ti-séz). Plural of cortex.
`cor-ti-cif-u~gal (kor-ti-sif’fi—gal). SYN Corticofugal.
`cor-ti-cip-e-tal (kor-ti-sip’e-tal). Passing in a direction toward the
`outer surface; denoting nerve fibers conveying impulses toward
`the cerebral cortex. SYN corticoafferent.
`[L. cortex, rind, bark, +
`peto, to seek]
`cor-ti-co-af-fer-ent (k6r'ti-k6-af'er-ent). syn corticipetal.
`cor-ti-co~bul-bar (k6r’ti-k6-b1“1l’bar).
`SEE corticobulbar fibers,
`under fiber, corticonuclear fibers, under fiber.
`cor-ti-co-cer-e-bel-lum (kor’ti—k6-ser-é—be1’fim). SYN neocerebel-
`lum.
`
`cor-ti-co-ef-fer-ent (k6r'ti-kc’)-ef'er-ent). SYN corticofugal.
`cor-ti-cot‘-u-gal (k6r’ti—k6-ffi’g:‘il). Passing in a direction away
`from the outer surface; denoting especially nerve fibers conveying
`impulses away from the cerebral cortex. SYN corticifugal, cortico-
`efferent.
`[L. cortex, rind, bark, + fugio, to flee]
`cor-ti-coid (k6r’ti-koyd). 1. Having an action similar to that of a
`hormone of the adrenal cortex. 2. Any substance exhibiting this
`action. 3. SYN corticosteroid.
`cor-ti-co-me-di-al (kor'ti-k6-mé’dé-al). Cortical and medial; spe-
`cifically used to refer to one of the two major cytological divi-
`sions of the arnygdaloid complex. SEE corpus amygdaloideum.
`cor-ti-co-Ste-roid (k6r’ti-ko-stér’oyd). A steroid produced by the
`adrenal cortex (i.e., adrenal corticoid); a corticoid containing a
`steroid. SYN adrenocorticoid, corticoid (3), cortin.
`cor-ti-cos-tel‘-one (k6r-ti-kos’ter-on). A corticosteroid that induc-
`es some deposition of glycogen in the liver, sodium conservation,
`and potassium excretion; the principal glucocortoid in the rat.
`"cor-ti-co-tha-lam-ic (k61’ti-k6-tha1':‘i-mik). Pertaining to cortex
`and thalamus; the term is applied to fibers projecting from the
`cerebral cortex to the thalamus, the corticothalamic fibers [TA].
`cor~ti-co-troph (k6r'ti-kt‘)-trot). A cell of the adenohypophysis
`that produces adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
`c0r~ti-co-tro-pin (k6r'ti-k6-tr6'pin).
`1. SYN adrenocorticotropic
`hormone. 2. SYN [3—corticotropin.
`[G. trope, a turning]
`c.-zinc hydroxide, purified c. absorbed on zinc hydroxide; same
`uses as c..but with a prolonged duration of action.
`B-cor-ti-co-tro-pin. Acid- or pepsin—degraded B-corticotropin.
`SYN corticotropin (2).
`Cor-ti-co-vir-i~dae (k6r’ti-k6-vir’i—dé). Name for a family of
`nonenveloped, ether-sensitive bacterial viruses of medium size,
`with a lipid-containing capsid and genome of circular, double-
`
`4