STEDMAN 3
`Medical
`Dictionary
`
`27th Edition
`
`Illustrated in Color
`
`L.IPI_?_.[T_\JrCOT_:_\VILl:lAMS as \X/IJJKINSA
`V A Wolters Kluwer Company
`Philadelphia - Baltimore ~ New York ~ London MYLAN ' EXHIBIT 1016
`Buenos Aires - Hong Kong - Sydney - Tokyo
`00001
`
`

`
`I
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`Senior Managing Editor: Maureen Barlow Pugh
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`Copyright © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
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`" i T
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`Copyright © by William Wood and Company: 1911, Isted.; 1912,2nded.; 1914, 3rded.; 1916,4th ed.;
`1918, 5th ed.; 1920, 6th ed.; 1922, 7th ed.; 1924, 8th ed.; 1926, 9th ed.; 1928, 10th ed.; 1930, 11th ed.
`
`Copyright ©by Williams & Wilkins: 1933,12th ed.; 1935,13th ed.; 1939,14th ed.; 1942,15th ed.; 1946,
`16th ed.; 1949, 17th ed.; 1953, 18th ed.; 1957, 19th ed.; 1961, 20th ed.; 1966, 21st ed.; 1972, 22nd ed.;
`1976, 23rd ed.; 1982, 24th ed.; 1990, 25th ed.; 1995, 26th ed.
`
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`resulting from any material contained herein. This publication contains information relating to general
`principles of medical care which should not be construed as specific instructions for individual patients.
`Manufacturers' product information and package inserts should be reviewed for current information, in­
`cluding contraindications, dosages and precautions.
`
`Database design by Lexi-Comp Inc., Hudson, OH
`Printed in the United States of America by World Color, Inc.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`
`Stedman, Thomas Lathrop, 1853-1938.
`Stedman's medical dictionary.—27th ed.
`p.; cm.
`ISBN 0-683-40007-X (regular)—ISBN 0-683-40008-8 (deluxe)
`1. Medicine—Dictionaries.
`I. Title: Medical dictionary.
`II. Title.
`[DNLM: 1. Medicine—Dictionary—English. W 13 S812m 1999]
`R121.S8 1999
`610'.3—dc21
`
`99-056094
`
`00 01 02 03 04 05
`1 2 3 4 5
`
`00002
`
`

`
`attack
`
`168
`
`audiogram
`
`r
`
`function with complete recovery usually within 24 hours; caused
`by a brief period of inadequate perfusion in a portion of the
`territory of the carotid or vertebral basilar arteries,
`uncinate a., SYN uncinate epilepsy.
`vagal a., SYN Gowers syndrome.
`vasovagal a;, SYN Gowers syndrome.
`at-tar of rose (at'ar). SYN rose oil, oil of rose. [Pers. attara, to
`smell sweet]
`at-tend-ing (a-tend'ing). In psychology, an aroused readiness to
`perceive, as in listening or looking; focusing of sense organs is
`sometimes involved. [L. attendo, to bend to, notice]
`at ten u ant (a-ten'u-ant). 1. Denoting that which attenuates. 2.
`An agent, means, or method that attenuates,
`at-ten-u-ate (a-ten'u-at). To dilute, thin, reduce, weaken, dimin­
`ish. fL. at-tenuo, pp. -tenuatus, to make thin or weak, fr. tenuis,
`thin]
`at-ten-u-a-tion (a-ten-u-a'shun). 1. The act of attenuating. 2.
`Diminution of virulence in a strain of an organism, obtained
`through selection of variants that occur naturally or through ex­
`perimental means. 3. Loss of energy of a beam of radiant energy
`due to absorption, scattering, beam divergence, and other causes
`as the beam propagates through a medium. 4. Regulation of termi­
`nation of transcription; involved in control of gene expression in
`specific tissues.
`interaural a., the reduction in intensity the head provides sound
`presented to one ear canal before it gets to the other ear; for air
`conduction, the reduction approximates 35 dB, but for bone con­
`duction, it is only about 10 dB.
`at ten u a tor (a-ten'u-a-tor, -tor). 1. An electrical system of
`resistors and capacitors used to reduce the strength of electrical
`signals as in ultrasonography. 2. The terminator sequence in DNA
`at which attenuation occurs,
`at-tic (at'ik). SYN epitympanic recess.
`tympanic a., SYN epitympanic recess.
`at-ti co mas toid (at'i-ko-mas'toyd). Relating to the attic of the
`tympanic cavity and the mastoid antrum or cells,
`at ti cot o-rtiy (at-i-kot'o-me). Operative opening into the tym­
`panic attic, [attic + G, tome, incision]
`at ti tude (at'i-tood). 1. Position of the body and limbs. 2. Manner
`of acting. 3. In social or clinical psychology, a relatively stable
`and enduring predisposition or set to behave or react in a certain
`way toward persons, objects, institutions, or issues. [Mediev. L.
`aptitudo, fr. L. uptus, fit]
`emotional a.'s, SYN passional a.'s.
`fetal a., SYN fetal habitus.
`passional a.'s, a.'s expressive of any of the great passions; e.g.,
`anger, lust, SYN emotional a.'s.
`at ti tu di nal (at-i-too'di-nal). Relating to a posture of the body;
`e.g., a. (statotonic) reflex.
`Catto- (a). Prefix used in the SI and metric systems to signify
`quintillionth (10~18). [Danish atten, eighteen]
`at tol lens (a-tol'ens). Raising up; in anatomy, muscle action that
`lifts. [L. at- tollo, pres. p. -tollens, to lift up]
`a. au'rem, a. auric'ulam, SYN auricularis superior {muscle).
`a. oc'uli, SYN superior rectus (muscle).
`at trac tin (a-trak'tin). A glycoprotein of T cell origin involved in
`T cell clustering and monocyte movement,
`at-trac-tion (a-trak'shun). The tendency of two bodies to ap­
`proach each other. [L. at-traho, pp. -tractus, to draw toward]
`capillary a., the force that causes fluids to rise up very fine tubes
`or pass through the pores of a loose material,
`chemical a., the force impelling atoms of different elements or
`molecules to unite to form new substances or compounds,
`magnetic a., the force that draws iron or steel toward a magnet,
`neurotropic a., the pull of a regenerating axon toward the motor
`end-plate.
`at tra hens (at'ra-henz). Drawing toward, denoting a muscle (at-
`trahens aurem or auriculam) rudimentary in man, that tends to
`draw the pinna of the ear forward, SEE auricularis anterior (mus­
`cle). [see attraction]
`
`one
`
`at tri tion (a-trish'un). 1. Wearing away by friction or rubbing. 2. [
`I
`In dentistry, physiological loss of tooth structure caused by the
`abrasive character of food or from bruxism. Cf. abrasion. [L. 0(. |
`tero, pp. -tritus, to rub against, rub away]
`at. wt. Abbreviation for atomic weight.
`atyp-ia (a-tip'e-a). State of being not typical, SYN atypism.
`atyp-i-cal (a-tip'i-kal). Not typical; not corresponding to the nor-1 f
`mal form or type. [G. a- priv. + typikos, conformed to a type]
`atyp ism (a-tip'izm). SYN atypia.
`A.U. Abbreviation for auris uterque [L.], each ear or both ears.
`All Symbol for gold (aurum).
`Aub, Joseph C., U.S. physician, 1890-1973. SEE A.-DuBois table. [
`Auberger blood group, Au blood group. See Blood Groups I
`appendix.
`Aubert, Hermann, German physiologist, 1826-1892. SEE A. pbe- I
`nomenon.
`AUC Area under the plasma drug concentration vs. time curve! a
`f
`measure of drug exposure, [abbr. area under the curve]
`Auch mer o my ia (awk'mer-d-ml'ya). A genus of bloodsucking I
`botflies (family Calliphoridae, order Diptera). [G. auchmerM I
`without rain, hence unwashed, squalid, + myia, a fly]
`A. lute'ola, the Congo floor maggot; the bloodsucking larva of i
`this botfly species is found in Africa south of the Sahara, usually I
`in or near human habitations; the resistant larvae or maggots, I
`crawl to sleeping humans and suck blood for 15 to 20 minutes, I
`detach, and hide, repeating these nightly attacks during their de- I
`velopmental period; no disease transmission is known from this I
`insect.
`198
`Au col loid, SYN radiogold colloid,
`au-dile (aw'dil). 1. Relating to audition. 2. Denoting the type of • •
`mental imagery in which one recalls most readily that which has
`been heard rather than seen or read (i.e., having an auditory
`representational system). Cf. motile. 3. SYN auditive.
`i!: audio-. The sense of hearing. [L. audio, to hear]
`au di o an al ge sia (aw'de-6-an-al-je'ze-a). Use of music or
`I
`sound delivered through earphones to mask pain during dental or
`surgical procedures,
`au di o gen ie (awd'e-o-jen'ik). Caused by sound, especially a I
`loud noise, [audio- + G. genesis, production]
`Oaii di o gram (aw'de-o-gram). The graphic record drawn from I
`I
`the results of hearing tests with an audiometer, which charts the
`threshold of hearing at various frequencies against sound intensity |
`in decibels, [audio- + G. gramma, a drawing]
`
`1
`
`Heating level in decibels
`-10-1
`
`o-iteritMita
`1 0 -
`
`, • H
`
`TT
`
`2 0 -
`
`30-
`40-
`
`50-
`
`6 0 -
`
`70-
`
`8 0 -
`
`90-
`
`N01SE INDUCED
`
`1 0 0 -
`110 1
`i
`r
`1
`0 125 250 500
`
`\
`
`I
`1000
`
`I
`
`I
`2000
`
`I
`
`I
`4000
`
`1
`
`1
`
`1
`8000
`Frequency (Hz)
`
`midiogram: abnormal pattern typical of noise-induced hearing loss
`
`Opure tone a., a chart of the threshold for hearing at van«|j
`frequencies usually expressed in decibels relative to noffflfl
`threshold and usually covering frequencies from 250-8000 Hi!'
`
`i
`
`J
`
`00003
`
`

`
`classification
`
`360
`
`clearance
`
`cle
`
`REAL c., a c. of lymphoma first published in 1994 and based on
`the correlation of clinical features of lymphomas with their histo-
`pathology and immunophenotype and genotype of neoplastic
`cells; groups lymphoproliferative diseases into chronic leukemi-
`a/lymphoma, nodal or extranodal lymphoma, acute leukemia lym­
`phoma, plasma cell disorders, and Hodgkin disease. [.Revised
`jEuropean-American /lymphoma classification]
`Runyon c., a classification scheme for mycobacteria other than
`Mycobacterium tuberculosis that divides species into four catego­
`ries: 1) photochromogens, species that produce a yellow to brown
`carotene pigment when grown in the presence of light; 2) scoto-
`chromogens, which produce pigment in presence or absence of
`light; 3) nonpigmented, which do not produce pigment; and 4)
`rapid growers, which grow on solid media in 5-10 days rather
`than 4—8 weeks. This classification has no clinical or genetic
`significance but remains of limited value in identification of some
`clinical isolates.
`Rye c., c. of Hodgkin disease according to lymphocyte predomi­
`nance, nodular sclerosing, mixed cellularity, and lymphocyte de­
`pletion types. [Rye, NY, 1965]
`Salter-Harris c. of epiphysial plate Injuries, the c. of epiphysial
`plate injuries into five groups (I to V), according to the pattern of
`damage to epiphysis, physis, and/or metaphysis; the c. correlates
`with different prognoses regarding the effects of the injury on
`subsequent growth and subsequent deformity of the epiphysis.
`Tessler c., an anatomical c. of facial, craniofacial, and laterofacial
`clefts that utilizes the orbit as the primary structure for reference.
`Fifteen locations for clefts are differentiated,
`class switch. Change in the isotype of antibody produced after a
`B cell has encountered an antigen,
`clas-tic (klas'tik). Breaking up into pieces, or exhibiting a tenden­
`cy so to break or divide. [G. klastos, broken]
`clas to gen (klas'to-jen). An agent (e.g., certain chemicals, x-
`rays, ultraviolet light) that causes breaks in chromosomes. [G.
`klastos, broken, + genos, birth]
`clas to gen ic (klas-to-jen'ik). Relating to the action of a clasto­
`gen.
`clath-rate (klath'rat). A type of inclusion compound in which
`small molecules are trapped in the cagelike lattice of macromole-
`cules. [L. clathrare, pp. -atus, to furnish with a lattice]
`clath rin (klath'rin). The principal constituent of a polyhedral
`protein lattice that coats eukaryotic cell membranes (vesicles) and
`coated pits and appears to be involved in protein secretion. This
`protein also occurs in synaptic vesicles. [L. clathri, lattice]
`Clauberg, Karl W., German bacteriologist, *1893. SEE C. test,
`unit.
`Claude, Henri, French psychiatrist, 1869-1945. SEE C. syndrome.
`clau di ca tion (klaw-di-ka'shun). Limping, usually refening to
`intennittent c. [L. claudicatio, fr. claudico, to limp]
`Intermittent c., a condition caused by ischemia of the muscles;
`characterized by attacks of lameness and pain, brought on by
`walking, chiefly in the calf muscles; however, the condition may
`occur in other muscle groups, SYN Charcot syndrome, myasthenia
`angiosclerotica.
`neurogenic c., c. with neurologic injury, usually in association
`with lumbar spinal stenosis,
`clau di ca tory (klaw'di-ka-tor-e). Relating to claudication, espe­
`cially intermittent claudication.
`Claudius, Friedrich M., German anatomist, 1822-1869. SEE C.
`cells, under cell, fossa.
`Clausen.
`J., Danish physician, SEE Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen
`syndrome.
`claus-tra (klaws'tra). Plural of claustrum.
`clans tral (klaws'tral). Relating to the claustrum.
`claus tro pho bia (klaw-stro-fo'be-a). A morbid fear of being in
`a confined place. [L. claustrum, an enclosed space, + G. phohos,
`fear]
`claus-tro pbo-bic (klaw-stro-fo'bik). Relating to or suffering
`from claustrophobia.
`claus trum, pi. claus-tra (klaws'trum, klaws'tra).
`1. One of
`several anatomic structures bearing a resemblance to a barrier. 2
`
`[TA]. A thin, vertically placed lamina of gray matter lying close
`to the putamen, from which it is separated by the external capsule.
`C. consists of two parts: 1) an insular part and 2) a temporal pan
`between putamen and the temporal lobe. Cells of the c. have
`reciprocal connections with sensory areas of the cerebral cortex
`[L. barrier]
`c. gut'turls, c. o'ris, obsolete term for soft palate.
`c. vlrgina'le, an obsolete term for hymen,
`clau-su-ra (klaw-soo'ra). SYN atresia. [L. a lock, bolt, fr. clamln.
`to close]
`cla-va (kla'va). SYN gracile tubercle. [L. a club]
`cla val (kla'val). Relating to the clava.
`cla-vate (kla'vat). Club-shaped. fL. clava, a club)
`Clav-i-ceps pur pu rea (klav'i-seps poor-poo're-a). SEE ergot.
`[L. clava, club, + caput, head]
`clav i cle (klav'i-kl) [TA], A doubly curved long bone that forms
`part of the shoulder girdle. Its medial end articulates with the
`manubrium sterni at the sternoclavicular joint, its lateral end with
`the acromion of the scapula at the acromioclavicular joint, SYN
`clavicula [TA], collar bone,
`cla-vic-u-la, pi. cla-vic-'u-lae (kla-vik'oo-la, -11) [TA]. SYN clavi­
`cle. [L. clavicula, a small key, fr. clavis, key]
`cla vic u lar (kla-vik'u-lar). Relating to the clavicle,
`cla vic u lus, pi. da-vic u li (kla-vik'u-lus, -li). One of the per­
`forating collagen fibers of bone. [Mod. L. dim. of L. clavus, a
`nail]
`dav u lan ic ac-id (klav-u-lan'ik). A beta-lactam structurally
`related to the penicillins that inactivate P-lactamase enzymes in
`penicillin-resistant organisms; usually used in combination with
`penicillins to enhance and broaden the spectrum of the penicillins,
`cla vus, pi. cla-vi (kla'viis, -vi). 1. A small conical callosity
`caused by pressure over a bony prominence, usually on a toe. SYN
`corn. [L. a nail, wart, corn]
`claw (klaw). A sharp, slender, usually curved nail on the paw of
`an animal. [L. clavus, a nail]
`claw-foot (kJaw'fut). A condition of the foot characterized by
`hyperextension at the metatarsophalangeal joint and flexion at the
`interphalangeal joints, as a fixed contracture,
`claw-hand (klaw'hand). Atrophy of the interosseous muscles of
`the hand with hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints
`and flexion of the interphalangeal joints; develops as a result of
`nerve injury either at the spinal cord or peripheral nerve level.
`Claybrook, Edwin B., U.S. surgeon, 1871-1931. SEE C, sign.
`CLB Abbreviation for cyanobacterialike, coccidialike or Crypto-
`sporidium-Wka organisms that have now been identified as coc-
`cidia in the genus Cyclospora {C. cayetanensis).
`clean ing (klen'ing). In dentistry, a procedure whereby accretions
`are removed from the teeth or from a dental prosthesis, SEE ALSO
`dental prophylaxis.
`ultrasonic c., in dentistry, the use of a high-frequency vibrali";
`,-f
`point to remove deposits from tooth structure; also the process -
`cleaning dentures by placing them in a special liquid in a con­
`tainer that generates high-frequency vibrations,
`clear ance (kler'ans). 1 (C with a subscript indicating the sub­
`stance removed). Removal of a substance from the blood, e.g., ^
`renal excretion, expressed in terms of the volume flow of arterial
`blood or plasma that would contain the amount of substance
`removed per unit of time; measured in mL/min. Renal c. of any
`substance except urea or free water is calculated as the urine flo^'
`in mL/min multiplied by the urinary concentration of the sub­
`stance divided by the arterial plasma concentration of the sub­
`stance; normal human values are commonly expressed per I-"-'
`nr body surface area. 2. A condition in which bodies may pilS?
`each other without hindrance, or the distance between bodies. -1;
`ciJ
`Removal of something from some place; e.g., "esophageal a
`c." refers to removal from the esophagus of some acid that !'ilS
`refluxed into it from the stomach, evaluated by the time taken tlir
`restoration of a normal pH in the esophagus.
`/;-aniinohippurate c., a good measure of renal plasma floW'
`which it slightly underestimates; when a low plasma concentf11
`tion of p-aminohippurate (PAH) is maintained by intraveni'""
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`coefficient
`
`376
`
`coenzyme
`
`correlation c., a measure of association that indicates the degree
`to which two variables have a linear relationship; this c., repre­
`sented by the letter r, can vary between +1 and -1; when r = +1,
`there is a perfect positive linear relationship in which one variable
`relates directly with the other; when r = -1, there is a perfect
`negative linear relationship between the variables,
`creatinine c., the number of milligrams of creatinine excreted
`daily per kilogram of body weight.
`diffusion c., the mass of material diffusing across a unit area in
`unit time under a concentration gradient of unity, SYN diffusion
`constant.
`distribution c., the ratio of concentrations of a substance in two
`immiscible phases at equilibrium; the basis of many chromato­
`graphic separation procedures, SYN partition c.
`economic c., in growth and cultivation of microorganisms, the
`ratio of the mass produced to the substrate consumed,
`extinction c. (e), SYN specific absorption c.
`extraction c., the percentage of a substance removed from the
`blood or plasma in a single passage through a tissue; e.g., the
`extraction c. for p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) in the kidney is the
`difference between arterial and renal venous plasma PAH concen­
`trations, divided by the arterial plasma PAH concentration,
`filtration c., a measure of a membrane's permeability to water;
`specifically, the volume of fluid
`filtered in unit time through a
`unit area of membrane per unit pressure difference, taking into
`account both hydraulic and osmotic pressures.
`Hill c., the slope of the line in a Hill plot; a measure of the degree
`of cooperativity. SYN Hill constant,
`hygienic laboratory c., SYN Rideal-Walker c.
`c. of inbreeding, the probability that the progeny of a consan­
`guineous marriage will be homozygous for a specific autosomal
`allele derived from a common ancestor, SYN c. of consanguinity,
`isotonic c., the amount of salts in the blood plasma, or the amount
`that should be added to distilled water in order to prepare an
`isotonic solution.
`c. of kinship, the probability that two genes at the same locus,
`picked at random from each of two individuals, are identical by
`descent.
`lethal c., that concentration of disinfectant that kills bacteria at
`20-250C in the shortest period of time.
`linear absorption c., that fraction of ionizing radiation absorbed
`in a unit thickness of a substance or tissue, SEE ALSO absorption c.
`(3); Cf. attenuation.
`Long c., SYN hong formula.
`molar absorption c. (£), absorbance (of light) per unit path
`length (usually the centimeter) and per unit of concentration
`(moles per liter); a fundamental unit in spectrophotometry, SYN
`absorbancy index (2), absorptivity (2), molar absorbancy index,
`molar absorptivity, molar extinction c.
`molar extinction c., SYN molar absorption c.
`Ostwald solubility c. (A), the milliliters of gas dissolved per
`milliliter of liquid and per atmosphere (760 mm Hg) partial pres­
`sure of the gas at any given temperature. This differs from Bunsen
`solubility c. (a) in that the amount of dissolved gas is expressed
`in terms of its volume at the temperature of the experiment,
`instead of STPD. Thus, X = a (1 + 0.00367/), where t = tempera­
`ture in degrees Celsius.
`oxygen utilization c., the extraction c. for oxygen in any given
`tissue.
`partition c., SYN distribution c.
`permeability c., a c. associated with simple diffusion through a
`membrane that is proportional to the partition coefficient and the
`diffusion coefficient and inversely proportional to membrane
`thickness.
`phenol c., SYN Rideal-Walker c.
`Poiseuille viscosity c., an expression of the viscosity as deter­
`mined by the capillary tube method; the coefficient r) =
`(nPi4t/svl), where P is the pressure difference between the inlet
`and outlet of the tube, r the radius of the tube, I its length, and v
`the volume of liquid delivered in the time t. If volume is in cubic
`centimeters, time is in seconds, and I and r are in centimeters,
`then i] will be in poise.
`
`reflection c. (o), a measure of the relative permeability of a
`particular membrane to a particular solute; calculated as the ratio
`of observed osmotic pressure to that calculated from van't Hoff
`law; also equal to 1 minus the ratio of the effective pore areas
`available to solute and to solvent.
`c. of relationship, the probability that a gene present in one mate
`is also present in the other and is derived from the same source,
`reliability c., an index of the consistency of measurement often
`based on the correlation between scores obtained on the initial test
`and a retest (test-retest reliability) or between scores on two
`similar forms of the same test (equivalent-form reliability),
`respiratory c., SYN respiratory quotient.
`Rideal-Walker c., a figure expressing the disinfecting power of
`any substance; it is obtained by dividing the figure indicating the
`degree of dilution of the disinfectant that kills a microorganism in
`a given time by that indicating the degree of dilution of phenol
`that kills the organism in the same space of time under similar
`conditions, SYN hygienic laboratory c., phenol c.
`sedimentation c. (s), SYN sedimentation constant.
`selection c. (s), the proportion of progeny or potential progeny
`not surviving to sexual maturity; usually defined artificially by
`expressing the fitness of a phenotype as a fraction of the mean or
`optimal fitness to give the relative fitness, and subtracting this
`fraction from unity. If the mean size of family in the population is
`3.2 and that for a particular genotype is 2.4 then the fitness of the
`phenotype is 2.4/3.2 = 0.75 and the selection coefficient = 1 -
`0.75 = .25.
`specific absorption c. (a), absorbance (of light) per unit path
`length (usually the centimeter) and per unit of mass concentration.
`Cf. molar absorption c. SYN absorbancy index (1), absorptivity
`(1), extinction c., specific extinction.
`temperature c., the fractional change in any physical property
`per degree rise in temperature.
`ultrafiltration c., the filtration c. of a semipermeable membrane,
`c. of variation (CV), the ratio of the standard deviation to the
`mean.
`velocity c., the rate of transformation of a unit mass of substance
`in a chemical reaction.
`c. of viscosity, the value of the force per unit area required to
`maintain a unit relative velocity between two parallel planes a
`unit distance apart.
`Coe len ter a ta (se-len-te-ra'ta). One of the major phyla of
`invertebrates, to which such fonns as jellyfish belong,
`coe len ter ate (se-len'ter-at). Common name for members of the
`Coelenterata.
`coe lom (se'lom). SYN body cavity.
`co en es the sia (ko-en-es-the'ze-a). SYN cenesthesia.
`ocoeno-. Shared in common, SEE ALSO ceno-. [G. koinos, common]
`coe-no cyte (se'no-srt). SYN cenocyte.
`coe no cyt ic (se-no-sit'ik). SYN cenocytic.
`coe nu ro sis (se-noo-ro'sis). SYN cenurosis.
`Coe nu rus (se-noo'rus). Former generic name, now used to
`designate larval forms of taenioid cestodes in which a bladder is
`formed with a number of invaginated scoleces developing within:
`distinguished from a hydatid cyst by the absence of free-floating
`daughter cyst colonies budded off within the bladder; C. larvae
`are found in members of the genus Multiceps. [G. koinos, com­
`mon, + oura, tail]
`C. cerebra'lis, the coenurus larvae of the tapeworm Multictp*
`multiceps, found in the brain and spinal cord of sheep, goats, and
`other ruminants (a few have been recorded in humans); adults are
`found in the intestine of dogs, foxes, coyotes, and jackals.
`C. seria'lis, the coenurus larvae of the tapeworm Multiceps serio-
`lis, found in subcutaneous and intramuscular tissues of rabbits and
`hares (a few have been recorded in humans); adult worms at®
`found in the intestine of dogs, foxes, and jackals.
`0co-en zyme (ko-en'zlm). A substance (excluding solo metal ions'
`of
`that enhances or is necessary for the action of enzymes; c.'s are
`smaller molecular size than the enzymes themselves, are dialy'"
`able and relatively heat-stable, and are usually easily dissocial^
`
`00005
`
`

`
`(jopamine
`
`537
`
`dose
`
`jud lentiform nuclei) suggest that d. may have other functions,
`pcpletion of d. produces Parkinson disease, SYN 3-hydrox.ytyra-
`(nine, decarboxylated dopa.
`j jijc'rochloride, a biogenic amine and neural transmitter sub-
`jjaiice, used as a vasopressor agent for treatment of shock,
`do pa mine P-hy drox y lase. SYN dopamine p-monooxygen-
`asff-
`do-pa mine P-mon-o-ox-y-gen-ase. A copper-containing en-
`jpyine catalyzing oxidation of ascorbate and 3,4-dihydrox-
`vplionylethylamine simultaneously by Oa to yield norepinephrine,
`(jehydroascorbate, and water; a crucial step in catecholamine me­
`tabolism. The enzyme is stimulated by fumarate. SYN dopamine [3-
`hydroxylase.
`do pa min er gic (do'pa-min-er'jik). Relating to nerve cells or
`fibers that employ dopamine as their neurotransmitter, [dopamine
`+ G. ergon, work]
`dope (dop). 1. Any drug, either stimulating or depressing, admin­
`istered for its temporary effect, or taken habitually or addictively.
`2. To administer or take such a drug. [Dutch, doop, sauce]
`dop ing (dop'ing). The administration of foreign substances to
`an
`individual; often used in reference to athletes who try to stimulate
`physical and psychological strength.
`Doppler, Johann Christian, Austrian mathematician and physi­
`cist, 1803-1853. SEB D. echocardiography, effect, phenomenon,
`shift, ultrasonography.
`Dop-pler. A diagnostic instrument that emits an ultrasonic beam
`into the body; the ultrasound reflected from moving structures
`changes its frequency (Doppler effect). Of diagnostic value in
`peripheral vascular and cardiac disease.
`do ra pho bia (do-ra-fo'be-a). Morbid fear of touching the skin
`or fur of animals. [G. dora, hide, skin, + phohos, fear]
`Dorello, P., Italian anatomist, *1872. SEE D. canal.
`Dorendorf, H., German physician, *1866. SEE D. sign.
`Dorfman, Maurice L., 20th century Israeli dermatologist, SEE D.-
`Chiinarin syndrome.
`Doring, G., 20th century German neurologist, SEE Pette-D. dis-
`ease.
`dor-nase (dor'nas). Obsolete contraction of deoxyribonuclease.
`si-E ALSO streptodomase.
`pancreatic d., a stabilized deoxyribonuclease preparation from
`beef pancreas; used by inhalation in the form of aerosols to reduce
`thick mucopurulent secretions in certain bronchopulmonary infec-
`lions,
`Dorno, Carl, Swiss climatologist, 1865-1942.
`do ro ma ni a (do-ro-ma'ne-a). An abnormal desire to give pre­
`sents. [G. down, gift, + mania, insanity]
`dorsa (dor'sa). Plural of dorsum.
`dor sab dom-i-nal (dor-sab-dom'i-nal). Relating to the back and
`the abdomen.
`dorsad (dor'sad). Toward or in the direction of the back. [L.
`dorsum, back, + ad, to]
`dor sal (dor'sal) [TA]. 1. Pertaining to the back or any dorsum.
`SYN tergal. 2. SYN posterior (2), 3. In veterinary anatomy, per­
`taining to the back or upper surface of an animal. Often used to
`indicate the position of one structure relative to another; i.e.,
`nearer the back surface of the body. 4. Old term meaning thoracic,
`•n a limited sense; e.g., d. vertebrae. [Mediev. L. dorsalis, fr.
`dorsum, back]
`dor-sa-lis (dor-sa'lis) [TA], SYN posterior (2). [L.]
`^irset, Marion, U.S. bacteriologist, 1872-1935. SEE D. culture
`egg medium.
`1 dor-si-duct (dor'si-dukt). To draw backward or toward the back,
`dorsum, back, + duco, pp, ductus, to draw]
`% si-flex ion (dor-si-flek'shun). Upward movement (extension)
`of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers,
`dor-si-scap-u-lar (dor'si-skap'u-lar). Relating to the dorsal
`'3Ce of the scapula.
`'tor-si spi nal (dor'si-spT'nal). Relating to the vertebral column,
`specially to its dorsal aspect,
`d'T-so ceph-a-lad (dor'so-sef'a-lad). Toward the occiput, or
`
`1
`
`;
`i
`
`sur-
`
`k.
`
`do
`
`back of the head. [L. dorsum, back, + G. kephale, head, + L. ad,
`to]
`dor so lat er al (dor-so-lat'er-al). Relating to the back and the
`side.
`dor so lum bar (dor-so-lum'bar). Referring to the back in the
`region of the lower thoracic and upper lumbar vertebrae,
`dor so ven trad (dor-so-ven'trad). In a direction from the dorsal
`to the ventral aspect,
`dor-sum, gen. dor-si, pi. dor-sa (dor'sum, -si, -sa) [TA]. 1. The
`back of the body. 2. The upper or posterior surface, or the back, of
`any part, SYN tergum. [L. back]
`d. ephip'pii, SYN d. sellae.
`d. of foot [TA], the back, or upper surface, of the foot, SYN d.
`pedis [TA].
`d. of hand [TA], the back of the hand; surface of hand opposite
`the palm.
`d. lin'guae [TA], SYN d. of tongue,
`d. ma'nus [TA], SYN dorsum of hand.
`d. na'si [TA], SYN d. of nose.
`d. of nose [TA], the external ridge of the nose, looking forward
`and upward, SYN d. nasi [TA].
`d. pe'dis [TA], SYN d. of foot.
`d. of penis [TA], the aspect of the penis opposite to that of the
`urethra, SYN d. penis [TA].
`d. pe'nis [TA], SYN d. of penis.
`d. scap'ulae, the posterior surface of the scapula.
`d. sel'lae [TA], a square portion of bone on the body of the
`sphenoid posterior to the sella turcica or hypophysial fossa, SYN d.
`ephippii.
`d. of tongue [TA], the back of the tongue; the upper surface of
`the tongue divided by the sulcus terminalis into an anterior two-
`thirds, the pars presulcalis (presulcal part), and a posterior one-
`third, the pars postsulcalis (postsulcal part), SYN d. linguae [TA].
`dos age (do'sij). 1. The giving of medicine or other therapeutic
`agent in prescribed amounts. 2. The determination of the proper
`dose of a remedy. Cf. dose. 3. In nuclear medicine, quantity of
`radiopharmaceutical given,
`dose (dos). 1. The quantity of a drug or other remedy to be taken
`or applied all at one time or in fractional amounts within a given
`period. Cf. dosage (2). 2. In nuclear medicine, amount of energy
`absorbed per unit mass of irradiated material (absorbed d.). SEE
`ALSO dosage (3). [G. dosis, a giving]
`absorbed d., the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of
`irradiated material at the target site; in radiation therapy, the
`former unit for absorbed d. is the rad (100 ergs/g); the current (SI)
`unit is the gray (1 J/kg or 100 rad).
`air d., SYN exposure d.
`bone marrow d., the cumulative d. to the blood-forming organ
`from therapeutic or nuclear fallout irradiation; the presumed leu-
`kemogenic d.
`booster d., a d.