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`Mitoxantrone Chemotherapy Drugs Chemocare
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`Chemocare.com
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`Care During Chemotherapy and Beyond
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`Mitoxantrone
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`Trade Name: Novantrone
`Other Name: DHAD
`Drug Type:
`Mitoxantrone is an anticancer ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug. Mitoxantrone is classified as an "antitumor antibiotic." (For more
`detail, see "How Mitoxantrone Works" section below).
`What Mitoxantrone Is Used For:
`Advanced prostate cancer not responding to hormone treatment used in combination with steroids.
`Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
`Breast cancer
`NonHodgkin's lymphoma
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`Note: If a drug has been approved for one use, physicians may elect to use this same drug for other problems if they believe it may be helpful.
`How Mitoxantrone Is Given:
`As an injection into the vein (intravenous, IV).
`Mitoxantrone may be an irritant. An irritant is a chemical that can cause inflammation of the vein through which it is given. If Mitoxantrone
`escapes from the vein it can cause tissue damage. The nurse or doctor who gives Mitoxantrone must be carefully trained. If you experience pain
`or notice redness or swelling at the IV site while you are receiving Mitoxantrone, alert your health care professional immediately.
`The amount of Mitoxantrone that you will receive depends on many factors, including your height and weight, your general health or other health
`problems, and the type of cancer or condition being treated. Your doctor will determine your dose and schedule.
`Side Effects:
`Important things to remember about the side effects of Mitoxantrone:
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`Most people do not experience all of the side effects listed.
`Side effects are often predictable in terms of their onset and duration.
`Side effects are almost always reversible and will go away after treatment is complete.
`There are many options to help minimize or prevent side effects.
`There is no relationship between the presence or severity of side effects and the effectiveness of Mitoxantrone.
`The side effects of Mitoxantrone and their severity depend on how much Mitoxantrone is given. In other words, higher doses may produce more
`severe side effects.
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`The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients taking Mitoxantrone:
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`Low blood counts. Your white and red blood cells and platelets may temporarily decrease. This can put you at increased risk for infection, anemia
`and/or bleeding.
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`Nadir: Meaning low point, nadir is the point in time between chemotherapy cycles in which you experience low blood counts. Onset: 7
` 10 days
`Nadir: 10 14 days
`Recovery: 21 days
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`Nausea and vomiting
`Fever
`Increases in blood tests measuring liver function. These return to normal once treatment is discontinued. (see liver problems).
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`These side effects are less common side effects (occurring in about 1029%) of patients receiving Mitoxantrone:
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`Weakness
`Mouth sores
`Hair loss
`Diarrhea
`Abnormal EKG, Heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmia) (see heart problems).
`Low blood pressure.
`Blue/green discoloration of whites of eyes and/or urine for 12 days after treatment.
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`Mitoxantrone Delayed Effects:
`A serious but uncommon side effect of Mitoxantrone can be interference with the pumping action of the heart. You can receive only up to a certain
`amount of Mitoxantrone during your lifetime. This "lifetime maximum dose" may be lower if you have heart disease risk factors such as radiation to the
`chest, advancing age, and use of other hearttoxic drugs. Your doctor may check your heart function before you may take any Mitoxantrone and will
`monitor your heart periodically during your treatment.
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`Mitoxantrone Chemotherapy Drugs Chemocare
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`There is a slight risk of developing a blood cancer such as leukemia years after taking Mitoxantrone. Talk to your doctor about this risk.
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`Not all side effects are listed above. Some that are rare (occurring in less than 10% of patients) are not listed here. However, you should always inform
`your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
`When to contact your doctor or health care provider:
`Contact your health care provider immediately, day or night, if you should experience any of the following symptoms:
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`Fever of 100.4° F (38° C) or higher, chills (possible signs of infection)
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`The following symptoms require medical attention, but are not an emergency. Contact your health care provider within 24 hours of noticing any of the
`following:
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`Nausea (interferes with ability to eat and unrelieved with prescribed medication)
`Vomiting (vomiting more than 45 times in a 24 hour period)
`Diarrhea (46 episodes in a 24hour period)
`Unusual bleeding or bruising
`Black or tarry stools, or blood in your stools or urine
`Extreme fatigue (unable to carry on selfcare activities)
`Mouth sores (painful redness, swelling or ulcers)
`Yellowing of the skin or eyes
`Shortness of breath. Swelling of the feet or ankles. Sudden weight gain.
`Signs of infection such as redness or swelling, pain on swallowing, coughing up mucous, or painful urination.
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`Always inform your health care provider if you experience any unusual symptoms.
`Precautions:
`Before starting Mitoxantrone treatment, make sure you tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking (including prescription, over
`thecounter, vitamins, herbal remedies, etc.). Do not take aspirin, or products containing aspirin unless your doctor specifically permits this.
`Do not receive any kind of immunization or vaccination without your doctor's approval while taking Mitoxantrone.
`Inform your health care professional if you are pregnant or may be pregnant prior to starting this treatment. Pregnancy category D (Mitoxantrone
`may be hazardous to the fetus. Women who are pregnant or become pregnant must be advised of the potential hazard to the fetus).
`For both men and women: Do not conceive a child (get pregnant) while taking Mitoxantrone. Barrier methods of contraception, such as condoms,
`are recommended. Discuss with your doctor when you may safely become pregnant or conceive a child after therapy.
`Do not breast feed while taking Mitoxantrone.
`SelfCare Tips:
`Drink at least two to three quarts of fluid every 24 hours, unless you are instructed otherwise.
`You may be at risk of infection so try to avoid crowds or people with colds and those not feeling well, and report fever or any other signs of
`infection immediately to your health care provider.
`Wash your hands often.
`To help treat/prevent mouth sores, use a soft toothbrush, and rinse three times a day with 1/2 to 1 teaspoon of baking soda and/or 1/2 to 1
`teaspoon of salt mixed with 8 ounces of water.
`Use an electric razor and a soft toothbrush to minimize bleeding.
`Avoid contact sports or activities that could cause injury.
`To reduce nausea, take antinausea medications as prescribed by your doctor, and eat small, frequent meals.
`Avoid sun exposure. Wear SPF 15 (or higher) sunblock and protective clothing.
`In general, drinking alcoholic beverages should be kept to a minimum or avoided completely. You should discuss this with your doctor.
`Get plenty of rest.
`Maintain good nutrition.
`If you experience symptoms or side effects, be sure to discuss them with your health care team. They can prescribe medications and/or offer
`other suggestions that are effective in managing such problems.
`Monitoring and Testing:
`A baseline heart evaluation may be performed before starting treatment, and a heart function test may be done as your doctor prescribes. You will be
`checked regularly by your doctor while you are taking Mitoxantrone, to monitor side effects and check your response to therapy. Periodic blood work to
`monitor your complete blood count (CBC) as well as the function of other organs (such as your kidneys and liver) will also be ordered by your doctor.
`How Mitoxantrone Works:
`Cancerous tumors are characterized by cell division, which is no longer controlled as it is in normal tissue. "Normal" cells stop dividing when they come
`into contact with like cells, a mechanism known as contact inhibition. Cancerous cells lose this ability. Cancer cells no longer have the normal checks
`and balances in place that control and limit cell division. The process of cell division, whether normal or cancerous cells, is through the cell cycle. The
`cell cycle goes from the resting phase, through active growing phases, and then to mitosis (division).
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`The ability of chemotherapy to kill cancer cells depends on its ability to halt cell division. Usually, the drugs work by damaging the RNA or DNA that tells
`the cell how to copy itself in division. If the cells are unable to divide, they die. The faster the cells are dividing, the more likely it is that chemotherapy
`will kill the cells, causing the tumor to shrink. They also induce cell suicide (selfdeath or apoptosis).
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`Chemotherapy drugs that affect cells only when they are dividing are called cellcycle specific. Chemotherapy drugs that affect cells when they are at
`rest are called cellcycle nonspecific. The scheduling of chemotherapy is set based on the type of cells, rate at which they divide, and the time at which
`a given drug is likely to be effective. This is why chemotherapy is typically given in cycles.
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`Chemotherapy is most effective at killing cells that are rapidly dividing. Unfortunately, chemotherapy does not know the difference between the
`cancerous cells and the normal cells. The "normal" cells will grow back and be healthy but in the meantime, side effects occur. The "normal" cells most
`commonly affected by chemotherapy are the blood cells, the cells in the mouth, stomach and bowel, and the hair follicles; resulting in low blood counts,
`mouth sores, nausea, diarrhea, and/or hair loss. Different drugs may affect different parts of the body.
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`Mitoxantrone is classified as an antitumor antibiotic. Antitumor antibiotics are made from natural products produced by species of the soil fungus
`Streptomyces. These drugs act during multiple phases of the cell cycle and are considered cellcycle specific. There are several types of antitumor
`antibiotics:
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`Anthracyclines: Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Mitoxantrone, and Idarubicin.
`Chromomycins: Dactinomycin and Plicamycin.
`Miscellaneous: Mitomycin and Bleomycin.
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`Note: We strongly encourage you to talk with your health care professional about your specific medical condition and treatments. The information
`contained in this website is meant to be helpful and educational, but is not a substitute for medical advice.
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`Chemocare.com is designed to provide the latest information about chemotherapy to patients and their families, caregivers and friends. For information
`about the 4th Angel Mentoring Program visit www.4thangel.org
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