Seventh Edition
`
`ROBERT C. KING
`
`Emeritus Professor, Northwestern University
`
`WILLIAM D. STANSFIELD
`
`2006
`
`Emeritus Professor, California Polytechnic State University
`
`PAMELA K. MULLIGAN
`
`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRES S
`
`Mylan v. Genentech
`IPR2016-00710
`Merck Ex. 1110, Pg. 1
`
`

`

`Copyright © 1968, 1972, 1985, 1990, 1997, 2002, 2006 by Oxford University Press, Inc.
`Published by Oxford University Press, Inc.
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`MVW.Oup.COm
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`" -:mmflmmmmvmmmmtmWW
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`I. Stansfield, William D., 1930-
`
`. H. Mulligan, Pamela
`
`987654321
`
`Printed in the United States of America
`on acid~free paper
`
`'
`
`V m
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`OXFORD
`UNIVERSITY PRESS
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`Library of Congress Catalogingin—Publication Data
`King, Robert C., 1928—
`
`7th ed.
`A dictionary of genetics / by Robert C King, William D Stansfieid, Pamela K. Mulligan:—
`p. cm.
`
`).
`
`Includes bibliographical references
`ISBN-13 978-0-19~530762»7
`ISBN 0419—5307623
`ISBN—13 978—0-19—530761-0 (pka
`ISBN 0-19—530761-5 (pbk)
`Ir Genetics-Dictionaries,
`Khipp1e, 1953-
`111. Title.
`QH427.K55
`2006
`5 76.503—dc22
`
`2005045610
`
`Merck Ex. 1110, Pg. 2
`
`

`

`288
`
`multifactorial
`
`the good ones never
`tants replace healthy genes,
`come back and so the process resembles a ratchet
`wheel, which moves in only one direction Muller
`proposed that sexuality arose because it allowed
`crossing over to occur between homologous chro—
`mosomes from parents Carrying different mutants.
`Recombinant offspring with mutant—free genomes
`could thus arise and halt the action of the rachet.
`The term lvluller ratchet Was coined by J. Felsenstein
`in 1974.
`
`multiple factor hypothesis
`tance.
`
`See quantitative inheri~
`
`See multiple factor hypothesis,
`multiple genes
`polygene, quantitative inheritance,
`
`multiple infection simultaneous invasion of abac-
`terial cell by more than one phage, often of different
`genotypes in'experiments designed to promote phage
`recombination, superinfection.
`
`multifactorial
`
`polygenic.
`
`multiple myeloma See myeloma.
`
`numbers by irradiation. See mitotic apparatus.
`
`multiplex PCR a type of polymerase chain reac-
`tion (13.12.) that is used to sample various regions of
`a large gene from one end to the other, For example,
`to analyze the human dystrophin gene, which occu—
`pies over 2 million base pairs on the X chromosome,
`multiplex PCR might involve simultaneous amplifi-
`cation from nine different sets of primers, all within
`the same reaction test tube Each set of primers is
`Chosen to produce a different—sized amplification
`product from a different region of the dystrophin
`gene. Normal males will display nine characteristic
`hands after the amplification products are separated
`by gel electrophoresis. Males with deletions in the
`dystrophin. gene will be missing one or more of these
`bands. See muscular dystrophy.
`
`a bacterial chromosome
`multiforked chromosome
`containing more than one replication fork, due to
`the initiation of a second fork before completion of
`the first replication cycle,
`
`a set of genes descended by du—
`multigene family
`plication and variation from some ancestral gene,
`Such genes may be clustered together on the same
`chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes.
`Examples of multigene families include those that
`encode the histones, hemoglobins,
`immunoglob-
`ulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins,
`keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue
`proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk
`proteins, and phaseolins. See isoforms,
`reiterated
`genes.
`-
`'
`
`a protein molecule made up of two or
`multimer
`more polypeptide chains, each referred to as a mon-
`omer. The terms dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer,
`etc., are used if the number of monomers per multi—
`mer is known. Compare with monomer, oligomer,
`polymer.
`
`bearing or producing-more than one
`multiparous
`offspring at a birth. See parity.
`
`multiple allelism See allele,
`
`multiple choice mating referring to an experimen-
`tal design in studies of behavior genetics where a test
`organism is allowed to choose between two (or
`more] genetically different mates.
`
`multiple codon recognition
`esis.
`
`See wobble hypoth—
`
`a curve (relating relative
`multiple—event curve
`survival to radiation dose] that contains an initial flat
`portion, This finding indicates that there is little bio—
`logical effect until a certain dose has accumulated,
`and suggests that the sensitive target must be hit
`more than once (or that there must be multiple tar—
`gets, each of which must be destroyed} to produce
`a biologically measurable effect. See single—event
`curve, target theory.
`
`multiple neurofibromatosis
`sis.
`
`See neurofibromato
`
`pro—
`multiple transmembrane domain proteins
`tein molecules that contain several segments that lie
`embedded in the cell membrane. These domains are
`connected by segments alternately at the cytoplas-
`mic and extracellular surfaces. Rhodopsin'fqv.) and
`the cystic fibrosis transmembrane-conductance regu—
`lator are examples of multiple transmembrane do—
`main proteins See cystic fibrosis, opsin.
`
`multiplicity of infection the average number of
`phages that infect a bacterium in a specific experi-
`ment. The fraction of bacteria infected with 0, ll, 2,
`3, i
`.
`.
`, n phage follows a Poisson distribution.
`
`multiplicity reactivation the production of re—
`combinant virus progeny following the simultaneous
`infection of each host cell by two or more virus par-
`ticles, all of which are incapable of multiplying be—
`cause they carry lethal mutations induced by expo-
`sure to a mutagen.
`
`a spindle with several poles
`multipolar spindle
`found in cells with multiple centrioles. Such cells are
`seen infrequently, but they can be produced in large
`
`Merck Ex. 1110, Pg. 3
`
`