ELSE/HEWS
`DHCTHCQNARY OF
`
`
`
`RAUNO TIRRI, JUHANI LEHTONEN, '
`RISTO LEMMETYINEN,
`_
`SEPPO PIHAKASKI and PETTER PORTIN
`
`Department OfBiology
`University of Turku, Finland
`
`‘
`
`Amsterdam — Lausanne — New York — Oxford — Shannon ~ Singapore _ Tokyo
`
`ELSEVIER
`
`7“
`
`IH©L©GY -
`
`compiled by
`
`g é } iS E%
`
`Mylan v. Genentech
`IPR2016-00710
`Merck Ex. 1108, Pg. 1
`
`

`

`
`
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`Merck Ex. 1108, Pg. 2
`
`

`

`443
`
`multineuronal
`
`it can
`i.e.
`does not get rid of mutant genes,
`never have a load of mutation (see genetic
`load) smaller than that already existing. On
`the contrary,
`in a sexual
`line recombination
`leads to elimination of harmful mutations.
`multi— (L. mulrus = much, many), denoting
`many, numerous.
`
`and one inhibitory neurone; multineuronal
`
`multiaxial (L. axis < Gr. axon = axis, axle),
`having more than one axis; eg. pertaining to
`a plant structure having an axis with several
`apical cells which form parallel filaments; cg.
`some red algae.
`multicellular (L. cellula = small cell), com-
`posed of many cells. Noun multicellularity.
`multicellular organisms, eukaryotic organ-
`isms composed of more than one cell, as dis-
`tinguished from unicellular organisms,
`-~>
`Protista. The cells of a multicellular organism
`are accompanied by intercellular adhesion
`and. intercellular communication. The organ—
`isms are usually structurally and functionally
`differentiated into tissues and organs with
`speciaiized functions.
`multienzyme complex, an enzyme system con—
`taining several or many polypeptide mono—
`mers with different enzyme activities; e. g. the
`fatty acid synthase in the cytoplasm for the
`synthesis of saturated long-chain fatty acids
`with 7 enzyme activities, such as acetyl CoA
`carboxylase, acetyl transacylase, and malonyl
`transacylase, or the -} pyruvate dehydroge-
`nase complex catalysing the formation of
`acetyl CoA.
`multiform (Lforma = shape, form), consisting
`ofmany forms, having many forms or shapes.
`Noun multiformity.
`multimer (Gr. meros = part), a union of two or
`more organic macromolecules, like a union of
`several —; polypeptides forming a multim—
`eric protein, or a protein complex composed
`of several protein units; if the participating
`molecules are of different types,
`it
`is a het-
`eromultimer,
`if of the same type, a ho-
`momultimer. Adj. multimeric. Cf. polymer.
`multi-net theory, a theory about the growth of '
`the plant cell wall, stating that the wall
`is
`formed from separate layers of —> microfi-
`brils, the directions of which turn during the
`enlargement of the cell
`to form a multi-net
`structure.
`
`epitltelialis) with a —> basement membrane, a
`layer of loose connective tissue (lamina pro-
`pria mucosae), and a muscular layer (lafiliiia
`mirscularis mucosae). The oral, oesophageal,
`vaginal, and anal areas are lined by a strati-
`fied epithelium, elsewhere the epithelium is
`simple. There are many single gland cells (w)
`goblet cells) in the epithelium, and glands,
`e.g. gastric and intestinal glands, derived
`from the epithelium but located deeper in the
`connective tissue.
`
`mucus (L), 1. viscid secretion of glands of the
`vertebrate mucous membrane, containing in-
`organic Salts, mucin, loosened epithelial Cells,
`and leucocytes; 2. broader, any slimy secre—
`tion produced by organisms/1d}. mucous.
`mud, organic material precipitated in water and
`composed of dead remains of plants, animals,
`and other organisms, usually containing also
`clay. Cf. peat.
`(Johannes
`Miillerian duct, Muller's duct
`Muller,
`1801—1858),
`paramesonephric
`duct; (L. ductus paramesonep/tricus), ’a tube
`developing parallel with the —> Wolffian
`ducts from the coelomic embryonic mesothe-
`lium in jawed vertebrates; its development is
`associated with
`the
`formation
`of
`the
`mesonephros, and it is paired except in birds.
`The ducts ariss as peritoneal pockets which
`extend caudally to join the urogenital sinuses,
`and then develop into the A oviducts (in
`mammals the uterine tubes, Fallopian tubes),
`in mammals also into the uterus and vagina.
`In amniotic vertebrates,
`the fertilization of
`eggs occurs in the oviduct.
`In males the
`Mullerian duct. generally degenerates into
`vestigial structures (vagina masculina).
`Mullerian mimicry (Fritz Muller, 183l~
`1897), see mimicry.
`'
`Mtillerian regression factor, MRF, a poly—
`peptide hormone secreted by —> Sertoli cells
`of the embryonic testes in tetrapod verte-
`brates; inhibits the development of —> Mulle-
`rian ducts, and together with testosterone
`stimulates the development of vas deferens
`and related structures. Also called Mullerian
`V inhibiting substance (M13) or Mullerian duct
`inhibitory factor.
`(Hermann Joseph Muller,
`Muller's ratchet
`1890—1967), a model by which Muller
`aimed to explain the evolution of sexual re-
`production. According to the model, an asex-
`ual line of a population incorporates a kind of
`ratchet mechanism, such that the population
`
`multineuronal, pertaining to a muscle cell
`which is innervated by more than one neu—
`rone, usually one or more excitatory neurones
`
`
`
`
`
`Merck Ex. 1108, Pg. 3
`
`