US006605038B1
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`(12) United States Patent
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`Teller et al.
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`(10) Patent No.:
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`(45) Date of Patent:
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`(21) Appl. No.: 09/602,537
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`(22) Filed,
`Jun_ 23, 2000
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`Related U_S_ Application Data
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`Continuati0n—in—part of application No. 09/595,660, filed on
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`Jun. 16, 2000.
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`(63)
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`(51)
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`(52) U.S. Cl.
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`Int. Cl.7 ................................................ .. A61B 5/00
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`..................... .. 600/300, 128/904, 128/920,
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`705/3; 482/8; 455/73
`(58) Field of Search ............................... .. 600/300-301,
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`600/306, 549, 557, 587, 595, 128/903,
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`904’ 920’ 923_925; 705/24; 702/19; 374/29_30’
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`100; 455/73; 482/8-9
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`(54) SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HEALTH,
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`WELLNESS AND FITNESS
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`(75)
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`Inventors: Eric Teller, Pittsburgh, PA (US); John
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`M- Stivoric, Pittsburgh, PA (US);
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`Christopher D. Kasabach, Pittsburgh,
`PA (US); Christopher D. Pacione,
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`Pittsburgh, PA (US); John L. Moss,
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`Monroeville, PA (US); Craig B. Liden,
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`Sewickley, PA (US); Margaret A.
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`McCormack, Pittsburgh, PA (US)
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`(73) Assignee: BodyMedia, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA (US)
`( * ) Notice:
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
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`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
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`U.S.C. 154(b) by 256 days.
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`4,531,527 A
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`4,557,273 A
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`7/1985 Reinhold, Jr. et al.
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`12/1985 Stoller et al.
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`(List Continued on next page’)
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
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`EP
`“'9
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`4/1996
`0 707 825 A2
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`6/1999
`W9 99/27483
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
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`“
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`t/*:L,1(ght(V11V«°«i1g(]1i;t[;A$bu1l:t0ry Pill:/é101:>g1c;1/I1 1‘f{fI<>trt111t:9rEg
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`16
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`fornia.
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`“Georgia Tech Researchers Develop First ‘Smart T—shirt’, ”
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`Nov. 14, 1997 press release, Georgia Institute of Technol-
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`ogy.
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`“Personal Health Monitor for Homes,” Timo Tuomisto and
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`Vesa Pentikainen, ERCIM News, No. 29, Apr. 1997.
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`(List continued on next page.)
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`Primary Exami/1er—MaX F. Hindenburg
`Assistant Exami/1er—Michael C Astorino
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`(74) A1707‘Hey, Agent, 07' F17’m—MeiZ Lewis LLC§ Philip E
`Levy; Barry I. Friedman
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`ABSTRACT
`(57)
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`A system for detecting, monitoring and reporting physi-
`Oiogicai information includes a Sensor device adapted to be
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`Worn on the upper arm that includes at least one of an
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`accelerometer, a GSR sensor and a heat flux sensor and
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`generates data indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic
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`skin response and heat flow. The sensor device may also
`generate derived data from at least a portion of the data
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`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
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`and heat flow. The system includes a central monitoring unit
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`that generates analytical status data from at least one of the
`data indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin
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`response and heat flow,
`the derived data, and previously
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`generated analytical status data, a means for establishing
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`electronic communication between the sensor device and the
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`central monitoring unit, and a means for transmitting data to
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`a reci ient
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`P
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`‘
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`73 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets
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`(56)
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`References Cited
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`Local Telco
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`60
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`cJ.:'r‘°::..
`I
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`Unit
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`The Internet
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`[30
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`Central
`M°”"°”n9
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`User Location
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`6,248,065 B1
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`6,285,897 B1
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`6,290,646 B1
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`6,366,871 B1
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`6,341,229 B1
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`6,416,471 B1
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`6,450,953 B1
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`6,454,708 B1
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`.... .. 235/462.36
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`“CYBeR—CARE Announces U.S. Patent Office Allows 25
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`5/1989
`1/1990
`9/1990
`10/1990
`1/1991
`4/1991
`4/1991
`7/1991
`9/1991
`12/1991
`5/1992
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`2/1994
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`10/1998
`11/1998
`11/1998
`12/1998
`1/1999
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`
`
`>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>m>>>>
`
`4,608,987
`4,622,979
`4,676,254
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`4,827,943
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`4,966,154
`4,981,139
`5,007,427
`5,012,411
`5,027,824
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`5,111,818
`5,148,002
`5,216,599
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`Sheet 5 of 17
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`Sheet 6 of 17
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`U.S. Patent
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`Aug. 12, 2003
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`US 6,605,038 B1
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`1
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`SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HEALTH,
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`
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`WELLNESS AND FITNESS
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`
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`CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED
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`
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`APPLICATION
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`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. appli-
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`cation Ser. No. 09/595,660, filed on Jun. 16, 2000.
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`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
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`The present invention relates to a system for monitoring
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`health, wellness and fitness, and in particular, to a system for
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`collecting, using a sensor device, and storing at a remote site
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`data relating to an individual’s physiological state, lifestyle,
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`and various contextual parameters, and making such data
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`and analytical information based on such data available to
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`the individual, preferably over an electronic network.
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`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
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`Research has shown that a large number of the top health
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`problems in society are either caused in whole or in part by
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`an unhealthy lifestyle. More and more, our society requires
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`people to lead fast-paced, achievement-oriented lifestyles
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`that often result in poor eating habits, high stress levels, lack
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`of exercise, poor sleep habits and the inability to find the
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`time to center the mind and relax. Recognizing this fact,
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`people are becoming increasingly interested in establishing
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`a healthier lifestyle.
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`Traditional medicine, embodied in the form of an HMO or
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`similar organizations, does not have the time, the training, or
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`the reimbursement mechanism to address the needs of those
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`individuals interested in a healthier lifestyle. There have
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`been several attempts to meet the needs of these individuals,
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`including a perfusion of fitness programs and exercise
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`equipment, dietary plans, self-help books, alternative
`therapies, and most recently, a plethora of health information
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`web sites on the Internet. Each of these attempts are targeted
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`to empower the individual to take charge and get healthy.
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`Each of these attempts, however, addresses only part of the
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`needs of individuals seeking a healthier lifestyle and ignores
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`many of the real barriers that most individuals face when
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`trying to adopt a healthier lifestyle. These barriers include
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`the fact that the individual is often left to himself or herself
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`to find motivation,
`to implement a plan for achieving a
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`healthier lifestyle, to monitor progress, and to brainstorm
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`solutions when problems arise; the fact that existing pro-
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`grams are directed to only certain aspects of a healthier
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`lifestyle, and rarely come as a complete package; and the
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`that recommendations are often not
`targeted to the
`fact
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`unique characteristics of the individual or his life circum-
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`stances.
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`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
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`A system is disclosed for detecting, monitoring and
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`reporting human physiological
`information. The system
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`includes a sensor device adapted to be placed in contact with
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`an individual’s upper arm. The sensor device includes at
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`least one of an accelerometer, a GSR sensor and a heat flux
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`sensor and is adapted to generate data indicative of at least
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`one of activity, galvanic skin response, and heat flow of the
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`individual wearing the sensor device. The sensor device may
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`also be adapted to generate derived data from at least a
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`portion of the data indicative of at least one of activity,
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`galvanic skin response and heat flow. The sensor device may
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`include a computer housing and a flexible wing body having
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`first and second wings adapted to wrap around a portion of
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`the individual’s arm. The sensor device may also be adapted
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`to provide audible, visible or tactile feedback to the wearer.
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`The system also includes a central monitoring unit located
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`remote from the sensor device. The central monitoring unit
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`generates analytical status data from at least one of the data
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`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
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`and heat flow, the derived data, and analytical status data that
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`has previously been generated. The central monitoring unit
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`may also be adapted to generate derived data from the data
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`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
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`and heat flow. The central monitoring unit also includes a
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`data storage device for retrievably storing the data it receives
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`and generates. The disclosed system also includes means for
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`establishing electronic communication between the sensor
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`device and the central monitoring unit. Also included in the
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`system is a means for transmitting the data indicative of at
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`least one of activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow,
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`the derived data, and/or the analytical status data to a
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`recipient, such as the individual or a third party authorized
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`by the individual.
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`The central monitoring unit may be adapted to generate
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`one or more web pages containing the data indicative of at
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`least one of activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow,
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`the derived data, and/or the analytical status data. The web
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`pages generated by the central monitoring unit are accessible
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`by the recipient over an electronic network, such as the
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`Internet. Alternatively, the data indicative of at least one of
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`activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow, the derived
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`data, and/or the analytical status data may be transmitted to
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`the recipient in a physical form such as mail or facsimile.
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`The system may also obtain life activities data of the
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`individual and may use such life activities data when gen-
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`erating the analytical status data. Furthermore, the sensor
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`device may also be adapted to generate data indicative of
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`one or more contextual parameters of the individual. The
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`system may then use the data indicative of one or more
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`contextual parameters when generating the analytical status
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`data.
`
`Also disclosed is a system for monitoring the degree to
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`which an individual has followed a suggested routine. The
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`system includes a sensor device as described above. Also
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`included is a means for transmitting the data that is gener-
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`ated by the sensor device to a central monitoring unit remote
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`from the sensor device and means for providing life activi-
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`ties data of the individual to the central monitoring unit. The
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`central monitoring unit is adapted to generate and provide
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`feedback to a recipient relating to the degree to which the
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`individual has followed the suggested routine. The feedback
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`is generated from at least a portion of at least one of the data
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`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
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`and heat flow, the derived data, and the life activities data.
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`The suggested routine may include a plurality of
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`categories, wherein the feedback is generated and provided
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`with respect to each of the categories. Examples of the
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`categories include nutrition, activity level, mind centering,
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`sleep, and daily activities. The feedback may be provided in
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`graphical form and may be contained in one or more web
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`pages generated by the central monitoring unit.
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`Alternatively, the feedback may be transmitted to the recipi-
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`ent in a physical form.
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`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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`Further features and advantages of the present invention
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`will be apparent upon consideration of the following
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`detailed description of the present invention, taken in con-
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`junction with the following drawings, in which like refer-
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`ence characters refer to like parts, and in which:
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`20 of 37
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`20 of 37
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`

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`US 6,605,038 B1
`
`4
`adapted to be placed in proximity with at least a portion of
`the human body. Sensor device 10 is preferably worn by an
`individual user on his or her body, for example as part of a
`garment such as a form fitting shirt, or as part of an arm band
`or the like. Sensor device 10, includes one or more sensors,
`which are adapted to generate signals in response to physi-
`ological characteristics of an individual, and a microproces-
`sor. Proximity as used herein means that the sensors of
`sensor device 10 are separated from the individual’s body by
`a material or the like, or a distance such that the capabilities
`of the sensors are not impeded.
`
`Sensor device 10 generates data indicative of various
`physiological parameters of an individual, such as the indi-
`vidual’s heart rate, pulse rate, beat-to-beat heart variability,
`EKG or ECG, respiration rate, skin temperature, core body
`temperature, heat flow off the body, galvanic skin response
`or GSR, EMG, EEG, EOG, blood pressure, body fat, hydra-
`tion level, activity level, oxygen consumption, glucose or
`blood sugar level, body position, pressure on muscles or
`bones, and UV radiation exposure and absorption. In certain
`cases,
`the data indicative of the various physiological
`parameters is the signal or signals themselves generated by
`the one or more sensors and in certain it other cases the data
`
`is calculated by the microprocessor based on the signal or
`signals generated by the one or more sensors. Methods for
`generating data indicative of various physiological param-
`eters and sensors to be used therefor are well known. Table
`
`1 provides several examples of such well known methods
`and shows the parameter in question, the method used, the
`sensor device used, and the signal that is generated. Table 1
`also provides an indication as to whether further processing
`is based on the generated signal is required to generate the
`data.
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Parameter
`
`Method
`
`Sensor
`
`Signal
`
`Further
`Pro-
`cessing
`
`3
`FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a system for
`monitoring physiological data and lifestyle over an elec-
`tronic network according to the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the sensor
`device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the central
`monitoring unit shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of
`the central monitoring unit shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 5 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the Health Manager web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 6 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the nutrition web page according to an aspect of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 7 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the activity level web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 8 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the mind centering web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 9 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the sleep web page according to an aspect of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 10 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the daily activities web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 11 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the Health Index web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 12 is a front view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 13 is a back view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 14 is a side view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 15 is a bottom view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 16 and 17 are front perspective views of a specific
`embodiment of the sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 18 is an exploded side perspective view of a specific
`embodiment of the sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 19 is a side view of the sensor device shown in FIGS.
`
`12 through 18 inserted into a battery recharger unit; and
`FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating all of the compo-
`nents either mounted on or coupled to the printed circuit
`board forming a part of the sensor device shown in FIGS. 12
`through 18.
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`In general, according to the present invention, data relat-
`ing to the physiological state,
`the lifestyle and certain
`contextual parameters of an individual
`is collected and
`transmitted, either subsequently or in real-time, to a site,
`preferably remote from the individual, where it is stored for
`later manipulation and presentation to a recipient, preferably
`over an electronic network such as the Internet. Contextual
`
`parameters as used herein means parameters relating to the
`environment, surroundings and location of the individual,
`including, but not
`limited to, air quality, sound quality,
`ambient temperature, global positioning and the like. Refer-
`ring to FIG. 1, located at user location 5 is sensor device 10
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`21 of37
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`10
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`15
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`20
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`25
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`30
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`35
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`40
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`45
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`50
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`55
`
`Heart Rate
`Pulse Rate
`
`EKG
`BVP
`
`Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate
`Variability
`EKG
`
`Skin Surface
`Potentials
`Chest Volume
`Respiration
`Change
`Rate
`Surface
`Skin
`Temperature Temperature
`Probe
`Esophageal or
`Core
`Temperature Rectal Probe
`Heat Flow
`Heat Flux
`Galvanic
`Skin
`Skin
`Conductance
`Response
`EMG
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`2 Electrodes
`LED Emitter and Change in
`Yes
`Optical Sensor
`Resistance
`2 Electrodes
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`3-10 Electrodes
`
`DC Voltage
`
`No
`
`Strain Gauge
`
`Thermistors
`
`Thermistors
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`Thermopile
`2 Electrodes
`
`3 Electrodes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`Change in
`Resistance
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change in
`No
`Resistance
`
`DC Voltage
`
`No
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`
`Change in
`Impedance
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`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`60
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`EEG
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`EOG
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`Blood
`Pressure
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`Body Fat
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`65
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`Non-Invasive
`Korotkuff
`Sounds
`Body
`Impedance
`
`Skin Surface
`Potentials
`Multiple
`Skin Surface
`Electrodes
`Potentials
`Eye Movement Thin Film
`Piezoelectric
`Sensors
`Electronic
`Sphygromaro-
`meter
`2 Active
`Electrodes
`
`21 of 37
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`

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`5
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`6
`
`US 6,605,038 B1
`
`TABLE 1-continued
`
`TABLE 2-continued
`
`Parameter
`
`Method
`
`Sensor
`
`Signal
`
`Further
`Pro-
`cessing
`
`Activity
`in Inter-
`preted G
`Shocks per
`Minute
`Oxygen
`Consumption
`Glucose
`Level
`Body Posi-
`tion (e.g.
`supine, erect,
`sitting)
`Muscle
`Pressure
`
`UV
`Radiation
`Absorption
`
`Body
`Movement
`
`Accelerometer
`
`Non-Invasive
`
`Oxygen Uptake Electro-
`chemical
`Electro-
`chemical
`Mercury Switch
`Array
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`Thin Film
`Piezoelectric
`Sensors
`UV Sensitive
`Photo Cells
`
`DC Vo tage, Yes
`Capaci ance
`C 1anges
`
`DC Vo tage Yes
`C iange
`DC Vo tage Yes
`C iange
`DC Vo tage Yes
`C iange
`
`DC Vo tage Yes
`C iange
`
`DC Vo tage Yes
`C iange
`
`The types of data listed in Table 1 are intended to be
`examples of the types of data that can be generated by sensor
`device 10. It is to be understood that other types of data
`relating to other parameters can be generated by sensor
`device 10 without departing from the scope of the present
`invention.
`
`The microprocessor of sensor device 10 may be pro-
`grammed to summarize and analyze the data. For example,
`the microprocessor can be programmed to calculate an
`average, minimum or maximum heart rate or respiration rate
`over a defined period of time, such as ten minutes. Sensor
`device 10 may be able to derive information relating to an
`individual’s physiological state based on the data indicative
`of one or more physiological parameters. The microproces-
`sor of sensor device 10 is programmed to derive such
`information using known methods based on the data indica-
`tive of one or more physiological parameters. Table 2
`provides examples of the type of information that can be
`derived, and indicates some of the types of data that can be
`used therefor.
`
`Derived Information
`
`Data Used
`
`TABLE 2
`
`Ovulation
`
`Sleep onset/wake
`
`Calories burned
`
`Basal metabolic rate
`
`Basal temperature
`Activity level
`
`Stress level
`
`Relaxation level
`
`Skin temperature, core temperature, oxygen
`consumption
`Beat-to-sea variability, heart rate, pulse rate,
`respiration rate, skin temperature, core tempera-
`ture, heat flow, galvanic skin response, EMG,
`EEG, EOG, blood pressure, oxygen consumption
`Heart ra e, 3ulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`Heart ra e, 3ulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`Skin temperature, core temperature
`Heart ra e, 3ulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`EKG, beat- o-beat variability, heart rate, pulse
`rate, res oiration rate, skin temperature, heat flow,
`galvanic s