comprehensive
`reference for
`digital media
`
`
`Page 1 of 4
`
`ZTE
`
` EXHIBIT 1014
`
`

`
`Dedication
`For my son, Graham.
`
`President and Publisher
`. Manuscript Editor
`Technical Editor
`Proofreaders
`
`Technical Illustrations
`
`Interior Design & Production
`
`Jim Leisy (jimleisy@fbeedle.com)
`Karen Foley
`Peter Sylwester
`Tom Sumner
`Anna Keesey
`J~ffOng
`Bill DeRouchey
`Karen Foley
`
`© 19.97 Franklin, Beedle & Associates Incorporated. No part of this book may be reproduced,
`stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, or transcribed, in any form or by any means(cid:173)
`electronic, mechanical, telepathic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise-without prior
`written permission of the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed as follows:
`
`Rights and Permissions
`fRANXllN, BEEDLE & ASSOCIATF.S INCORPORATED
`8536 SW St. Helens Drive, Suite D
`Wilsonville, Oregon 97070
`http:/ /www.fbeedle.com
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`Names of all products herein are used for identification purposes only and are trademarks
`and/or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Franklin, Beedle & Associates, Inc.
`makes no claim of ownership or corporate association with the products or the companies
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`
`Library of Congress Cataloghig-in-Publication Data
`
`Hansen, Brad.
`The dictionary of multimedia : terms and acronyms I Brad Hansen.
`em.
`p.
`Includes bibliographical references.
`ISBN 1- 887902-14-7
`1. Multimedia systems-Dictionaries 2. Multimedia systems-
`I. Title.
`Acronyms.
`QA76. 1S.H32
`1996
`006.6--DC20
`
`96-9368
`CIP
`
`Available in hardback as ISBN 1-887902- 18-x
`Page 2 of 4
`
`

`
`DDR
`
`DDR (n.) Digital gisk recorder; post(cid:173)
`production studios often use DDRs to
`record frames of video or animation since
`they have hardware that is capable of cap(cid:173)
`turing a large field of data at once. Abekas
`is a popular brand of DDlt
`
`DDS (n.) Digital gataphone ~ervice; a
`telecommunications network that typi(cid:173)
`cally transmits synchronous data at
`56 kilobits per second (Kbps) requiring
`special interface equipment at both ends.
`
`debug (v.) To isolate and correct errors
`or malfunctions in computer software or
`hardware.
`
`DEC (n.) Digital Equipment .Corpora(cid:173)
`tion; makers of the VAX computer and
`VMS operating system.
`
`decibel See dB.
`
`decimate ( v.) To discard portions of a
`signal for the purpose of reducing the
`amount of information to be encoded
`or compressed. Lossy compression
`algorithms ordinarily decimate while
`subsampling.
`
`decoder (n.) Any hardware or software ·
`system that translates data streams into
`video or audio information.
`
`decompression (n.) The process of
`restoring compressed data to its origi(cid:173)
`nal condition.
`
`dedicated (adj.) Describes any comput(cid:173)
`ing system that performs one function
`exclusively.
`
`default (n.) The standard setting of
`an optional parameter. Factory defaults
`are the original settings for most
`equipment.
`
`defragment (v.) To place all data on a
`hard disk in contiguous sectors, avoid(cid:173)
`ing gaps between parts of a file or pieces
`of files spread geographically on the disk.
`When digitizing audio or video direct to
`disk, the disk must be defragmented so
`that a continuous stream of data may be
`recorded to the disk.
`
`degauss (v.) To remove a magnetic field.
`
`delimiter (n.) Any character or symbol
`that marks the beginning or end of a data
`segment.
`
`delivery system (n.) The combined hard(cid:173)
`ware and software used to present or play
`back media, whether it be audio, video,
`text, images, or a combination of data
`types, in an interactive environment.
`
`delta modulation (n.) A process for the
`conversion of analog audio to digital
`form, similar to pulse code modulation
`(PCM). It is the sampling of an audio sig(cid:173)
`nal at 32 kilobits per second (Kbps) at
`1-bit resolution, as opposed to creating
`eight each 8-bit samples per second in
`PCM at the rate of 64 Kbps.
`
`decrement (v.) To decrease incremen(cid:173)
`tally, or reduce by a single step.
`Page 3 of 4
`
`delta YUV See DYUV.
`
`56
`
`

`
`GPF
`
`· .. /
`
`_:'
`
`·• ~. ~·.
`.
`
`averages the luma and chroma values at
`each corner of a polygon.
`
`that displays or records an image; moni(cid:173)
`tors and printers are examples.
`
`GPF (n.) General 12rotection fault; an er~
`ror message that occurs when software is
`trying to read or write memory that it
`does not own or have access to.
`
`gradient (n.) A method of filling or shad(cid:173)
`ing an object that incorporates the blend~
`ing of two different shades or patterns
`across the surface of the object.
`
`graphical user interface See GUI.
`
`graphics tablet (n.) This type of drawing
`surface, often with pressure-sensitivity,
`feeds a computer data defining x-y coor(cid:173)
`dinates from a hand-held input device,
`such as a light pen.
`
`grayscale (adj.) In a computer graphic,
`the number of levels of gray that exist
`between black and white. With a mini(cid:173)
`mum of256levels, the quality of a black(cid:173)
`and-white photograph can be achieved.
`
`Graphic Interchange Format See GIF.
`
`Green Book standard See CD-i.
`
`graphics (n.) The visual content prepared
`for a production. Computer-generated
`letters, symbols and drawings, photo(cid:173)
`graphs, scans, slides, and all other still
`visuals belong to this broad category.
`
`graphics accelerator (n.) A specialized
`circuit board that contains a coprocessor
`which enhances the graphical perfor(cid:173)
`mance of a computer. It is inserted into
`an expansion slot and relieves the CPU
`from graphics processing.
`
`graphics input (n.) The use of a periph(cid:173)
`eral, such as a drawing tablet, mouse,
`touch screen, or light pen to create oral(cid:173)
`ter a graphics display.
`
`graphics input device (n.) Any digitizer
`that feeds a computer x-y coordinates
`and in some cases, color data.
`
`grip (n.) In a film or video production,
`the person who mounts or positions the
`camera according to the director's in(cid:173)
`structions. It may be mounted on a dolly,
`a crane, or on any othersurface that pro(cid:173)
`vides a desirable camera angle.
`
`ground See GND.
`
`guard band (n.) A narrow bandwidth of
`dead space between two adjacent chan(cid:173)
`nels; space inserted between tracks of re(cid:173)
`corded material on audio or videotapes
`to prevent cros~talk between tracks.
`
`GUI (n.) Graphical yser interface; an en(cid:173)
`vironment in which icons represent ob(cid:173)
`jects that an operator can manipulate
`with a pointing device. Initially designed
`by Xerox, it serves as the basis for the
`Macintosh operating system and has
`been deployed in a similar context by
`Microsoft in Windows. See user interface.
`
`graphics output device (n.) Any device
`Page 4 of 4
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