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`The Ultimate Computer Reference
`
`]I‘,L’i'.rL‘TL‘\1
`
`Over 300 illustrations and diagrams
`- Extensive Internet coverage
`
`- Featured in Microsoft ’" Bookshelf "’
`
`- Covers software, hardware, concepts,
`and more!
`
`Rosetta—2027
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`0001
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`Rosetta-2027
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`0001
`
`

`
`
`
`PUBLISHED BY
`
`Microsoft Press
`
`A Division of Microsoft Corporation
`
`One Microsoft Way
`Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
`
`Copyright © 1997 by Microsoft Corporation
`
`All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted
`in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
`
`Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
`Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary. -- 3rd ed.
`p.
`cm.
`ISBN I-57231-446-X
`
`1. Computers-—Dictionaries.
`1. Microsoft Press.
`
`QA76.15.M54 I997
`0O4'.03--dc2l
`
`2. Microcomputers--Dictionaries.
`
`97-15489
`
`CIP
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`Printed and bound in the United States of America.
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`23456789 QMQM 210987
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`Distributed to the book trade in Canada by Macmillan of Canada, a division of Canada Publishing
`Corporation.
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`A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
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`Microsoft Press books are available through booksellers and distributors worldwide. For further
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`Microsoft Press International directly at fax (425) 936-7329.
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`Inc. Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. Directlnput, DirectX, Microsoft, Microsoft
`Press, MS-DOS, Visual Basic, Visual C++, Win32, Win32s, Windows, Windows NT, and XENIX are
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`registered trademarks and ActiveMovie, ActiveX, and Visual J++ are trademarks of Microsoft
`Corporation. Java is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Other product and company names
`mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners.
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`Acquisitions Editor: Kim Fryer
`Project Editor: Maureen Williams Zimmerman, Anne Taussig
`Technical Editors: Dail Magee Jr., Gary Nelson, Jean Ross, Jim Fuchs, John Conrow, Kurt Meyer,
`Robert Lyon, Roslyn Lutsch
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`Rosetta—2027
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`0002
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`Rosetta-2027
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`0002
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`

`
` upplit':ttinrH‘r'rrlrit‘
`
`application-centric \a‘pla-ka‘shan-sen‘trik\ adj.
`Of. pertaining to, or characteristic of an operating
`system in which a user invokes an application to
`open or create documents (such as word process-
`ing files or spreadsheets). Cominand-line inter-
`faces and some graphical user interfaces such as
`the Windows 3.x Program Manager are applica-
`tion-centric. Compare document-centric.
`application developer \a-pla-k5‘shan da-vel’a-
`par\ n. An individual who designs and analyzes
`the appearance and operation of an application
`program.
`application development environment \a-pla-
`k:'i‘shan
`do-vel'ap-mant
`en-vr"ran-mant,
`en-
`vT‘9m-mant\ n. An integrated suite of programs
`for use by software developers. Typical compo-
`nents of application development environments
`include a compiler, file browsing system, debug-
`ger, and text editor for use in creating programs.
`application development
`language
`\a-pla-
`kifshan do-vel’ap-mant lang‘w9j\ n. A computer
`language designed for creating applications. The
`term is usually restricted to refer to languages with
`specific high-level
`constructs geared toward
`record design, form layout, database retrieval and
`update, and similar tasks. See also application,
`application generator, 4Gl..
`application development system \a-ple-k:'i‘shan
`do-vel'ap-mant sis‘tam\ n. A programming envi-
`ronment designed for the development of an
`application, typically including a text editor, com-
`piler, and linker, and often including a library of
`common software routines for use in the devel-
`
`oped program.
`application file \a‘pla-k2'r’shan fil‘\ n. See pro-
`gram file.
`72.
`application gateway \a-pla-ka’shen gz'1t‘wa\
`in-
`Software running on a machine that . is
`tended to maintain security on a secluded net-
`work yet allow certain traffic to go between
`the private network and the outside world. See
`also firewall.
`
`\a-pla-ka‘sh9n jen’9r-a-
`application generator
`tar\ I1. Software for generating source or machine
`code for running an application based on a
`description of the desired functionality. Limited in
`scope, application generators are included with
`some database programs and use built-in instruc-
`
`tion sets to generate program code. See also am,
`cation.
`
`application heap \a‘pla-kz'r’shan hép‘\ n. A block
`of RAM used by an application to store its code
`resources,
`records, document data, and
`information. See also heap (definition 1), RAM.
`application layer \a‘pla-k:'1’shan lar‘,
`la‘yar\ n,
`The highest layer of standards in the Open sys_
`tems Interconnection (OSI) model. The applica.
`tion layer contains signals that perform usgful
`work for the user, such as file transfer or remoie
`access to a computer, as opposed to lower levels,
`which control the exchange of data between mm.
`mitter and receiver. See also [SO/OSI model.
`
`application processor \a‘pla-k2't‘shan pros‘e-s;r\
`n. A processor dedicated to a single application.
`application program \a‘pla-k2'i’shan pr6‘gram\
`n. See application.
`application programming interface \a-pl;
`k2't‘sh9n pr6‘gra—méng in 'tar-f2'1s\ or application
`program interface \a-pla-k5‘shan pr6‘gram
`in’tar-fz‘ts\ n. A set of routines used by an applica-
`tion program to direct the performance of proce-
`dures
`by the
`computer’s
`operating system.
`Acronym: API (A‘P-I’).
`application shortcut key \a-pla-k:'1‘shan sh6n’lrut
`ké‘\ n. A key or combination of keys that when
`pressed will quickly perform an action within an
`application that would normally require several
`user actions. such as menu selections. Also called
`
`keyboard shortcut.
`application software \a-pla-k2'i‘shan soft’-wirl it.
`See application.
`\a-ple-
`application-specific integrated circuit
`kffshan-spa-sil‘ ik in‘ta-grfi-tad sar’kat\ n. Seegale
`array.
`application suite \a-pla-k2't’shan swét‘\
`suite (definition 1).
`.aq \dot‘A-Q’\
`21. On the Internet, the major 360
`graphic domain specifying that an address is
`located in Antarctica.
`
`599
`
`n.
`
`72. On the Internet, the maiorgw
`.ar \dot‘A-R’\
`graphic domain specifying that an address is
`located in Argentina.
`arbitration \éir‘ba-tr2’1’shan\ n. A set of rules for
`resolving competing demands for a machine
`resource by multiple users or processes. See (1190
`contention.
`
`Rosetta—2027
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`Rosetta-2027
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