UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
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`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
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`Borealis AG
`Petitioner
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`v.
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`Berry Plastics Corporation
`Patent Owner
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`Case IPR2016-00564
`Patent 8,883,280
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`PETITION FOR INTER PARTES REVIEW OF U.S. PATENT NO. 8,883,280
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`Page
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`I.
`
`II.
`
`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT ..................................................................... 1
`
`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED FOR EACH
`CLAIM CHALLENGED ................................................................................ 3
`
`A.
`
`Priority Dates and Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications ............. 3
`
`III. THE ’280 PATENT ......................................................................................... 6
`
`A.
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`B.
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`C.
`
`Summary of the Disclosure ................................................................... 6
`
`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art ....................................................... 7
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`Claim Construction................................................................................ 7
`
`IV. THE PRIOR ART ANTICIPATES OR RENDERS OBVIOUS
`CLAIMS 1, 15-36, 40, 42, 43, 54-61, 63, AND 64 OF THE ’280
`PATENT ........................................................................................................10
`
`A.
`
`B.
`
`C.
`
`D.
`
`Background on Claimed Properties ....................................................10
`
`EP ’716 Anticipates Claims 1 and 20 .................................................12
`
`EP ’716 in View of Park Renders Obvious Claims 36, 40, and
`42 Directed to Chemical Blowing Agent and Catalyst .......................13
`
`EP ’716 in View of 2010 Webpage or 2010 Brochure, Sheppard
`and PP Handbook Renders Obvious Claims 1, 24, and 54-60 ............14
`
`1.
`
`2.
`
`3.
`
`Claim 54: Independent formulation claim ................................14
`
`Claim 1: Independent formulation claim ..................................20
`
`Rigidity Claims 24 and 55-60 ...................................................21
`
`E.
`
`EP ’716 in View of 2010 Webpage or 2010 Brochure, and
`Further in View of US ’107 Renders Obvious “Wrapping
`Material” Claims 61, 63, and 64 .........................................................29
`
`F.
`
`EP ’716 Renders Obvious Claims 23, 25, 31, and 34 ........................31
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`1.
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`2.
`
`3.
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`4.
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`Claim 23: Microwavability .......................................................31
`
`Claim 25: Puncture resistance ...................................................34
`
`Claim 31: Maximum exterior surface temperature ...................36
`
`Claim 34: Recyclability ............................................................40
`
`EP ’716 in View of Park Renders Obvious “Density” Claims 21
`and 22 ..................................................................................................41
`
`EP ’716 in View of Eichbauer Renders Obvious Claims 26-30 .........43
`
`EP ’716 in View of Park and Barger Renders Obvious Claims
`15-17 and 43 Directed to Cell Size and Aspect Ratio .........................47
`
`EP ’716 in View of Tabatabaei and the General Knowledge as
`Evidenced by Naguib and PP Handbook Renders Obvious
`Claims 18 and 19 Directed to Melting and Crystallization .................51
`
`EP ’716 in View of Antunes and the General Knowledge as
`Evidenced by Martinez-Diez Renders Obvious “Thermal
`Conductivity” Claims 32 and 33 .........................................................54
`
`EP ’716 in View of US ’296 Renders Obvious “Printable
`Surface” Claim 35 ...............................................................................57
`
`G.
`
`H.
`
`I.
`
`J.
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`K.
`
`L.
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`V. MANDATORY NOTICES ...........................................................................58
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`A.
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`B.
`
`C.
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`Real Party-in-Interest ..........................................................................59
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`Related Matters ....................................................................................59
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`Lead and Back-Up Counsel, and Service Information .......................59
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`VI. GROUNDS FOR STANDING ......................................................................59
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`VII. CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................60
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`TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
`
`Page(s)
`Cases
`Atl. Works v. Brady, 107 U.S. 192 (1883) ................................................................ 2
`
`KSR Int’l Co. v. Teleflex Inc.,
`550 U.S. 398 (200) .......................................................................................passim
`
`Application of Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456 (C.C.P.A. 1955) ........................................ 2
`
`Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. v. Teva Pharms.USA, Inc., 752 F.3d 967
`(Fed. Cir. 2014) .................................................................................................. 50
`
`Catalina Mktg. Int’l, Inc. v. Coolsavings.com, Inc.,
`289 F.3d 801 (Fed. Cir. 2002) ............................................................................. 8
`
`Galderma Labs., L.P. v. Tolmar, Inc.,
`737 F.3d 731 (Fed. Cir. 2013) ....................................................... 2-3, 12, 35, 45
`
`In re Applied Materials, Inc., 692 F.3d 1289 (Fed. Cir. 2012) .......................passim
`
`In re Cronyn, 890 F.2d 1158 (Fed. Cir. 1989) ........................................................... 5
`
`In re Hall, 781 F.2d 897 (Fed. Cir. 1986) ................................................................. 5
`
`In re Leshin, 277 F.2d 197 (CCPA 1960) ......................................................... 19, 30
`
`In re Peterson, 315 F.3d 1325 (Fed. Cir. 2003) ..................................................... 12
`
`Johnson Worldwide Assocs., Inc. v. Zebco Corp.,
`175 F.3d 985 (Fed. Cir. 1999) .............................................................................. 9
`
`Ohio Willow Wood Co. v. Alps South, LLC, 735 F.3d 1333
`(Fed. Cir. 2013) .................................................................................................... 2
`
`Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F.3d 1303 (Fed. Cir. 2005) .......................................... 8
`
`Titanium Metals Corp. v. Banner,
`778 F.2d 775 (Fed. Cir. 1985) ........................................................................... 13
`
`Wm. Wrigley Jr. Co. v. Cadbury Adams USA LLC,
`683 F.3d 1356 (Fed. Cir. 2012) .............................................................. 16, 18, 30
`
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`i
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`
`
`Statutes
`
`35 U.S.C. § 112 .......................................................................................................... 3
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`35 U.S.C. § 102 .......................................................................................... 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
`
`35 U.S.C. § 103. ......................................................................................................... 3
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`35 U.S.C. § 311 .......................................................................................................... 3
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`35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319................................................................................................. 1
`
`Other Authorities
`37 C.F.R. § 42.100, et seq. ......................................................................................... 1
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`ii
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`LIST OF EXHIBITS
`
`Petition Exhibit 1001: U.S. Patent No. 8,883,280 to Leser et al. (“the ’280
`patent”).
`Petition Exhibit 1002: The 1st IPR Declaration of Krishnamurthy Jayaraman,
`Ph.D. (submitted in IPR2016-00235)
`
`Petition Exhibit 1003: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1004: Affidavit of Christopher Butler of Internet Archive with
`Exhibit A, Borealis Webpage dated January 20, 2010
`(https://web.archive.org/web/20100120102738/http://ww
`w.borealisgroup.com/industry-solutions/advanced-
`packaging/rigid-packaging/polyolefin-foam/daploy-hms-
`pp-extruded-foam/) (“2010 Webpage”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1005: Excerpts from Patent Prosecution History of U.S. Patent
`No. 8,883,280, as obtained from USPTO PAIR database.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1006: European Patent Application Publication No. 1479716
`A1 (“EP ’716”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1007: U.S. Patent No. 5,116,881 to Park et al. (“Park”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1008: U.S. Patent No. 6,455,150 to Sheppard et al.
`(“Sheppard’).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1009: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1010: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1011: U.S. Patent No. 5,895,614 to Rivera et al. (“Rivera”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1012: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1013: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1014: Reichelt et al., Cellular Polymers, Vol. 22, No. 5 (2003)
`315-328 (“Reichelt”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1015: Ratzsch et al., Prog. Polym. Sci., 27 (2002), 1195-1282
`(“Ratzsch”).
`
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`iii
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`
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`Petition Exhibit 1016: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2008/0045638 to
`Chapman et al. (“Chapman”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1017: Excerpts from Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and
`Technology: Plastics, Resins, Rubbers, and Fibers, Vol.
`2, John Wiley & Sons, Inc (1965) (“Encyclopedia”); lists
`Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 64-22188
`and includes a June 14, 1965 Library of Congress
`Copyright Office stamp.
`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1018: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1019: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1020: Excerpts from Shau-Tarng Lee, Chul B. Park, and N.S.
`Ramesh, Polymer Foams: Science and Technology, CRC
`Press (2007) (“Lee”); lists Library of Congress Card
`Catalog Number: 2006043863 and includes an October
`24, 2006 Library of Congress Copyright Office stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1021: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1022: Excerpts from Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary,
`11th ed., (2003) (“Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary”).
`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1023: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1024: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1025: RESERVED
`
`Petition Exhibit 1026: A copy of USPTO assignment record of the ’280 patent.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1027:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1028:
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://www.polymerjournals.com/journals.asp?Page=111
`&JournalType=cp&JournalIssue=cp22-5&JIP=, listing
`Ex. 1014.
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00796
`70002000060, listing Ex. 1015.
`
`
`
`iv
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`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1029:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1030:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1031:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1032:
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1039 under LC Control No. 96-31751 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/96031571.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1040 under LC Control No. 97-076233 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/97076233.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1017 under LC Control No. 64022188 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/64022188.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1020 under LC Control No. 2006043863 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/2006043863.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1033: A copy of a brochure “Borealis Daploy™ HMS
`Polypropylene for Foam Extrusion” obtained from
`Borealis webpage obtained from the Internet Archive’s
`“Wayback Machine” as of November 16, 2008
`(https://web.archive.org/web/20081116085125/http://ww
`w.borealisgroup.com/pdf/literature/borealis-
`borouge/brochure/K_IN0020_GB_FF_2007_10_BB.pdf)
`(“2008 Brochure”).
`Petition Exhibit 1034: The 2nd IPR Declaration of Krishnamurthy Jayaraman,
`Ph.D.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1035: U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/529,632 to Leser et
`al.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1036: U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/618,604 to Leser et
`al.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1037: U.S. Patent No. 6,413,625 to Rolle et al. (“Rolle”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1038: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0263645 to
`Barger et al. (“Barger”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1039: Excerpts from Gibson and Ashby, Cellular solids:
`structure and properties, 2nd ed., Cambridge University
`Press (1997) (“Ashby”); lists Library of Congress Card
`
`
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`v
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`
`
`
`Catalog Number: 96-31571 and includes a July 15, 1997
`Library of Congress Copyright Office stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1040: Excerpts from C. Maier and T. Calafut, Polypropylene:
`the Definitive User’s Guide and Databook, Plastics
`Design Library, William Andrew Inc. (1998) (“PP
`Handbook”); lists Library of Congress Card Catalog
`Number: 97 076233 and includes an April 23, 1998
`Library of Congress Copyright Office stamp.
`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1041: ASTM D3763-86, an American Society for Testing of
`Materials (ASTM) Standard Method for High-Speed
`Puncture Properties of Plastics Using Load and
`Displacement Sensors (1986 Edition).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1042: ASTM D1922-93, an American Society for Testing of
`Materials (ASTM) Standard Method for Propagation
`Tear Resistance of Plastic Film And Thin Sheeting by
`Pendulum Method (1993 Edition).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1043: Naguib et al., Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 44 (2005), 6685-
`6691 (“Naguib”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1044: Tabatabaei et al., Chemical Engineering Science, 64
`(2009), 4719-4731(“Tabatabaei”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1045: Almanza et al., Journal of Polymer Science: Part B:
`Polymer Physics, Volume 42 (2004), 1226–1234
`(“Almanza”)
`
`Petition Exhibit 1046: European Patent No. 0588321 B1 (“EP ’321”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1047: European Patent Application Publication No. 1323779
`A1 (“EP ’779”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1048: European Patent No. 0520028 B1 (“EP ’028”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1049:
`
`International Patent Publication No. WO 00/02800
`(“WO ’800”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1050: A copy of a webpage as of September 26, 2008,
`https://web.archive.org/web/20080926114057/http:/www
`
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`vi
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`

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`
`
`.burnfoundation.org/programs/resource.cfm?c=1&a=3,
`dated September 26, 2008, accessed on February 5, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1051: A copy of webpage as of May 17, 2008,
`https://web.archive.org/web/20080517041952/http:/www
`.antiscald.com/prevention/general_info/table.php, dated
`May 17, 2008, accessed on February 5, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1052: A copy of webpage,
`http://www.nist.gov/fire/fire_behavior.cfm, accessed on
`February 5, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1053: A copy of webpage as of October 10, 2007,
`https://web.archive.org/web/20071010183358/http://hype
`rtextbook.com/facts/2007/TatyanaNektalova.shtml, dated
`October 10, 2007, accessed on February 5, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1054: A copy of webpage as of March 2, 2009,
`https://web.archive.org/web/20090302090144/http://ww
`w.hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/microwaveovenq&
`a.html, dated March 2, 2009, accessed on February 5,
`2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1055: A copy of webpage,
`http://www.cooksinfo.com/microwave-ovens, accessed
`on February 5, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1056: Antunes et al., Advanced Engineering Materials, 11, No.
`10 (2009), 811-817 (“Antunes”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1057: U.S. Patent No. 6,383,425 to Wu et al. (“US ’425”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1058: U.S. Patent No. 6,982,107 to Hennen (“US ’107”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1059: U.S. Patent No. 6,083,611 to Eichbauer et al.
`(“Eichbauer”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1060: Excerpts from Frank Kreith, Principles of Heat Transfer,
`3rd ed., Intext Educational Publishers (1973) (“Kreith”);
`lists Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 7301784
`and includes a May 3, 1973 Library of Congress
`Copyright Office stamp.
`
`
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`vii
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`
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`Petition Exhibit 1061: Excerpts from James M. Gere, Mechanics of Materials,
`5th ed., Brooks/Cole (2001) (“Gere”); lists Library of
`Congress Card Catalog Number: 00-292319 and includes
`a June 13, 2000 Library of Congress Copyright Office
`stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1062:
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1061 under LC Control No. 00029231 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/00029231, accessed on February 6,
`2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1063: A copy of the technical data sheet of HIFAX CA 60 A,
`obtained from
`https://www.lyondellbasell.com/en/polymers/p/Hifax-
`CA-60-A/d372c484-8f5a-4b2c-8674-8b7b781a1796,
`accessed on February 4, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1064: Michel Biron, “Chapter 4 – Detailed Accounts of
`Thermoplastic Resins,” Thermoplastics and
`Thermoplastic Composites, Technical Information for
`Plastics Users, Elsevier Ltd. (2007), 217–714 (“Biron”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1065:
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B97818
`56174787500076, listing Ex. 1064, accessed on February
`6, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1066: Excerpts from Cornelia Vasile, Handbook of Polyolefins,
`2nd ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc. (2000) (“Polyolefins
`Handbook”); lists Library of Congress Card Catalog
`Number: 00037685 and includes a September 15, 2000
`Library of Congress Copyright Office stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1067: U.S. Patent No. 3,227,784 to Blades et al. (“US ’784”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1068: U.S. Patent No. 5,713,512 to Barrett (“US ’512”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1069: Williams and Aldao, Polymer Engineering and Science,
`April, 1983, Vol. 23, No. 6., 293-298 (“Williams”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1070: U.S. Patent Publication No. 2008/0138593 to Martinez
`(“US ’593”).
`
`
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`viii
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`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1071: Excerpts from M.C. McCrum et al., Principles of
`Polymer Engineering, 2nd ed., Oxford Science
`Publications (1997) (“McCrum”); lists Library of
`Congress Card Catalog Number: 97-12589 and includes a
`December 11, 1997 Library of Congress Copyright
`Office stamp.
`
`
`Petition Exhibit 1072: Excerpts from Robert H. Perry, Perry’s Chemical
`Engineers Handbook, 7th ed., The McGraw-Hill
`Companies, Inc. (1997) (“Perry Handbook”); lists
`Library of Congress Card Catalog Number: 96-51648
`and includes an August 25, 1997 Library of Congress
`Copyright Office stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1073: Martinez-Diez et al., Journal of Cellular Plastics,
`Volume 37 (2001), 21-42 (“Martinez-Diez”), listing an
`January 26, 2001 Library of Congress Copyright Office
`stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1074: U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0110855 to
`McCarthy et al. (“US ’855”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1075: U.S. Patent No. 7,655,296 to Haas et al. (“US ’296”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1076: Declaration of Hojung Cho
`
`Petition Exhibit 1077: Borealis Product Brochure, Daploy™ HMS
`Polypropylene for Foam Extrusion (2010) (Ex. 2001
`submitted in IPR2016-00235) (“2010 Brochure”)
`
`Petition Exhibit 1078:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1079:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1080:
`
`
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie0489608, listing
`Ex. 1043, accessed on February 6, 2016
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925
`0909002486, listing Ex. 1044, accessed on February 6,
`2016
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adem.200900
`129/abstract, listing Ex. 1056, accessed on February 6,
`ix
`
`

`
`
`
`2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1081:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1082:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1083:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1084:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1085:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1086:
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1071 under LC Control No. 97012589 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/ 97012589, accessed on February 6,
`2016.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record
`regarding Exhibit 1073 from
`https://lccn.loc.gov/64009474, accessed on February 9,
`2016
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1060 under LC Control No. 73001784 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/73001784, accessed on February 6,
`2016.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1072 under LC Control No. 96051648 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/ 96051648, accessed on February 8,
`2016.
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1066 under LC Control No. 00037685 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/00037685 accessed on February 6,
`2016.
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1002/polb.20
`005/full, listing Ex. 1045, accessed on February 8, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1087:
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pen.76023060
`2/abstract, listing Ex. 1069, accessed on February 9, 2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1088: R. Coquard and D. Baillis, Journal of Heat Transfer,
`2006, 128(6): 538-549, including a June 21, 2006 Library
`of Congress Copyright Office stamp.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1089:
`
`a copy of Library of Congress Online Catalog Record of
`Exhibit 1088 under LC Control No. 61019573 from
`http://lccn.loc.gov/61019573, accessed on February 10,
`
`
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`x
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`

`
`
`
`2016.
`
`Petition Exhibit 1090: A. R. Katritzky et al., “Correlation and Prediction of the
`Refractive Indices of Polymers by QSPR,” J. Chem. Inf.
`Comput. Sci., 38 (1998), 1171-1176 (“Katritzky”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1091: U.S. Patent No. 4,421,867 to Nojiri et al. (“US ’867”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1092: M. Antunes et al.,“Heat Transfer in Polyolefin Foams,”
`Heat Transfer in Multi-Phase Materials, A. Öchsner and
`G. E. Murch, Eds. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg,
`2011, 131–161 (“Antunes II”).
`
`Petition Exhibit 1093:
`
`Petition Exhibit 1094:
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ci980087w, listing
`Ex. 1090, accessed on February 11, 2016.
`
`a copy of webpage,
`http://www.springer.com/us/book/9783642044021,
`listing Ex. 1092, accessed on February 11, 2016.
`
`xi
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`

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`
`
`Petitioner Borealis AG requests inter partes review of claims 1, 15-36, 40,
`
`42, 43, 54-61, 63, and 64 of U.S. Patent No. 8,883, 280 (Ex. 1001), purportedly
`
`assigned (Ex. 1026) to Berry Plastics Corporation (“Patent Owner”), in accordance
`
`with 35 U.S.C. §§ 311-319 and 37 C.F.R. § 42.100 et seq.
`
`I.
`
`PRELIMINARY STATEMENT
`This is Petitioner’s second IPR petition addressing the ’280 patent, which
`
`concerns formulations of known high melt strength polypropylene (“HMS-PP”) for
`
`insulative cellular non-aromatic polymeric (“foam”) structures. The first petition
`
`(IPR 2016-00235) demonstrated that the claimed formulation was expressly
`
`disclosed in or obvious over the prior art. The present petition further
`
`demonstrates that the challenged dependent claims—which recite numerical
`
`ranges/values for various properties, such as density and rigidity, of structure
`
`formed from the same formulation—would have been equally obvious.
`
`Rather than disclosing anything inventive about the claimed properties, the
`
`alleged inventors report no more than using standard techniques to make foam
`
`structures using the anticipated or obvious formulation, and then measuring and
`
`claiming the resultant properties. None of the properties are new, and the values
`
`claimed are found in or obvious from the prior art. The results of such routine skill
`
`are not patentable.
`
`To the contrary, as the Supreme Court long ago explained, “[i]t was never
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`1
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`
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`the object of [the patent] laws to grant a monopoly for every trifling device, every
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`shadow of a shade of an idea, which would naturally and spontaneously occur to
`
`any skilled mechanic or operator in the ordinary progress of manufactures. Such an
`
`indiscriminate creation of exclusive privileges tends rather to obstruct than to
`
`stimulate invention.” Atl. Works v. Brady, 107 U.S. 192, 200 (1883). KSR Int'l Co.
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`v. Teleflex Inc. reaffirmed that “the results of ordinary innovation are not the
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`subject of exclusive rights under the patent laws. Were it otherwise patents might
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`stifle, rather than promote, the progress of useful arts.” 550 U.S. 398, 427 (2007).
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`Even if the Patent Owner now points to some alleged benefits of the claimed
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`values of foam properties, such as density or rigidity, the claimed values would
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`still have been obvious by routine optimization and alleged benefits therefrom
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`would have been predictable. Indeed, where, as here, “the general conditions of a
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`claim are disclosed in the prior art, it is not inventive to discover the optimum or
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`workable ranges by routine experimentation.” In re Applied Materials, Inc., 692
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`F.3d 1289, 1295 (Fed. Cir. 2012) (citing Application of Aller, 220 F.2d 454, 456
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`(C.C.P.A. 1955)); Ohio Willow Wood Co. v. Alps South, LLC, 735 F.3d 1333, 1344
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`(Fed. Cir. 2013) (“Each of these features were well known in the prior art and their
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`use would have been predictable.”). In fact, because the claimed ranges/values are
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`within those already known in the prior art and lack any criticality, they are prima
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`facie obvious. Galderma Labs., L.P. v. Tolmar, Inc., 737 F.3d 731, 738 (Fed. Cir.
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`
`
`2
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`

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`
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`2013) cert. denied, 134 S. Ct. 2740, 189 L. Ed. 2d 768 (2014).
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`The primary reference, EP ’716 (Ex. 1006), which anticipates formulation
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`claim 1, further anticipates or renders obvious and warrants cancellation of
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`challenged claims 1, 15-36, 40, 42, 43, 54-61, 63, and 64 either by itself or in
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`combination with one or more secondary references, such as Petitioner’s own 2010
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`Webpage (Ex. 1004) or 2010 Brochure (Ex. 1077).
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`II.
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`STATEMENT OF PRECISE RELIEF REQUESTED FOR EACH
`CLAIM CHALLENGED
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`Petitioner requests review under 35 U.S.C. § 311 of claims 1, 15-36, 40, 42,
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`43, 54-61, 63, and 64 of the ’280 patent, and the cancellation of these claims as
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`unpatentable under 35 U.S.C. §§ 102/103 as detailed below.
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`Priority Dates and Prior Art Patents and Printed Publications
`
`A.
`The ’280 patent claims priority to U.S. provisional nos. 61/529,632 (Ex.
`
`1035), filed August 31, 2011, and 61/618,604 filed March 30, 2012 (Ex. 1036).
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`However, claims 15-19, 23-33, 43, 55-60, 63, and 64 lack 35 U.S.C. § 112, ¶1
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`support in and are not entitled to priority of one or both applications. See In re
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`Ziegler, 992 F.2d 1197, 1200 (Fed. Cir. 1993). At best, claims 15, 23-31, 43, 55-
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`60, 63, and 64 are entitled to priority of the March 30, 2012, ’632 application
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`filing date, and claims 16-19, 32, and 33 are only entitled to the June 7, 2012,
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`non-provisional filing date.
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`None of these claims are entitled to the March 30, 2012, ’604 provisional
`
`
`
`3
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`

`
`
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`application filing date as their recitations of cell size and cell aspect ratio (15-17,
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`43), melting and crystallization (18, 19), microwave exposure (23), puncture
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`resistance (25), tear resistance (26-30), maximum surface temperature (31),
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`thermal conductivity (32, 33), rigidities under different conditions (24, 55-60), and
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`additional structural elements (63, 64) lack written description support therein. Cf.
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`Ex. 1035 at ¶¶45-47 with Ex. 1036 at ¶¶51-59 (Example 1 with Tables). Further,
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`claims 16-19, 32, and 33 are not also entitled to priority to the March 30,
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`2012, ’604 application as the specific claimed numerical ranges/values are simply
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`not disclosed therein.
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`Patent Publications, EP ’716, Park, Barger, Sheppard, Eichbauer, Rivera,
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`Chapman, Rolle, EP ’321, EP ’779, EP ’028, WO ’800, US ’425, US ’107,
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`US ’784, US ’512, US ’593, US ’855, and US ’296, issued or published prior to
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`2010, and thus are prior art at least under § 102(b). Non-patent publications also
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`published prior to 2010, and thus are prior art at least under § 102(b): Ex. 1076, ¶3
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`(Reichelt (Ex. 1095) published/accessible in 2003, as confirmed by a LOC stamp
`
`at that time; Ex. 1096), ¶4 (Ratzsch (Ex. 1015) published/accessible in 2002; see
`
`Ex. 1028), ¶5 (Naguib (Ex. 1043) published/accessible in 2005; see Ex. 1078), ¶6
`
`(Tabatabaei (Ex. 1044) published/accessible in 2009; see Ex. 1079), ¶7 (Almanza
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`(Ex. 1045) published/accessible in 2004; see Ex. 1086), ¶8 (Antunes (Ex. 1056)
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`published/accessible in 2009; see Ex. 1080), ¶9 (Biron (Ex. 1064)
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`
`
`4
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`

`
`
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`published/accessible in 2009; see Ex. 1065), ¶10 (Martinez-Diez (Ex. 1073)
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`published/accessible in 2001, as confirmed a Library of Congress (“LOC”) stamp
`
`at that time), ¶11 (Encyclopedia (Ex. 1017) published/accessible in 1065, as
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`confirmed by a LOC stamp at that time), ¶12 (Lee (Ex. 1020) published/accessible
`
`in 2006, as confirmed by a LOC stamp at that time), ¶13 (Ashby (Ex. 1039)
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`published/accessible in 1997, as confirmed by a LOC stamp at that time; see Ex.
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`1039), ¶14 (PP Handbook (Ex. 1040) published/accessible in 1998, as confirmed
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`by a LOC stamp at that time), ¶16 (Gere (Ex. 1061) published/accessible in 2000,
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`as confirmed by a LOC stamp at that time; Ex. 1061), ¶17 (Polyolefins Handbook
`
`(Ex. 1066) published/accessible in 2000, as confirmed by a LOC stamp at that time;
`
`Ex. 1066), ¶28 (Williams (Ex. 1069) published/accessible at least in 2004; Ex.
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`1087); ¶29 (Coquard (EX. 1088) published/accessible in 2006); ¶30 (Katritzky (EX.
`
`1090) published/accessible in 1998); see also, e.g., In re Hall, 781 F.2d 897 (Fed.
`
`Cir. 1986); In re Cronyn, 890 F.2d 1158, 1161 (Fed. Cir. 1989) (papers catalogued
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`and available in the Library of Congress are sufficiently “publicly accessible” to
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`serve as prior art.). Antunes II (Ex. 1092) published/accessible in January 2011 (Ex.
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`1076, ¶29), thus at least 102(b) for claims 32 and 33.
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`Borealis 2010 Webpage (Ex. 1004) published and publicly accessible at
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`least as of January 20, 2010, as reflected in the authenticated snapshot of Borealis
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`webpage obtained from the Internet Archive’s “Wayback Machine” as of January
`
`
`
`5
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`

`
`
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`20, 2010 (Ex. 1004, pages 3-6 (Exhibit A)), and is prior art at least under § 102(b).
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`Borealis 2008 Brochure (Ex. 1033) published and publicly accessible as linked to
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`the Borealis webpage archived in the Internet Archive’s “Wayback Machine” as of
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`November 16, 2008 (Ex. 1076, ¶20), and is prior art at least under § 102(b).
`
`Borealis 2010 Brochure (Ex. 1077), referenced in the ’280 patent specification at
`
`4:27-28, is a printed publication from 2010, as reflected by Patent Owner’s
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`submission and description of Ex. 1077 as “Daploy™ HMS Polypropylene for
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`Foam Extrusion (2010)” in response to the Board’s order to submit the same in
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`IPR 2016-00235. See IPR 2016-00235 Paper 7 at 2, 3; see also Paper 6, Ex. 2001.
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`This Brochure from 2010 is prior art under at least § 102(b) for claims 15-19, 23-
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`33, 55-60, 63, and 64, and under at least § 102(a) for claims 1, 20-22, 34, 35, 36,
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`40, 42, 43, 54, and 61.
`
`III. THE ’280 PATENT
`Summary of the Disclosure
`A.
`The ’280 patent purports to disclose polymer-based formulations that can be
`
`used to produce insulative non-aromatic cellular polymeric materials. Ex. 1001,
`
`1:16-32. The formulations comprise at least one HMS-PP, e.g., Petitioner’s own
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`Daploy™ WB140 HMS, at least one polypropylene copolymer or homopolymer,
`
`and other standard additives such as nucleating, blowing, and/or slip agents. Ex.
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`1001, 13:49-23:12; 4:20-43. Such HMS-PP-based formulations were already well
`
`
`
`6
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`

`
`
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`known in the art, as detailed below.
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`The ’280 patent also discloses that foam structures, such as cups, were made
`
`from the formulation. Ex. 1001, 14:16-19. Properties of the structures were
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`further measured and reported in Examples 1 and 2. See, e.g., Ex. 1001, 13:49-
`
`23:12. However, no novel or non-obvious steps or processes were used to obtain
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`the structures and properties, which are not unexpected or in any way critical.
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`Instead, it appears that the structures were made using routine methods, with the
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`resultant properties simply being measured and claimed. Ex. 1034, ¶¶44-49.
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`Person of Ordinary Skill in the Art
`
`B.
`A person of ordinary skill in the art at the time of the invention (“POSA”)
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`would have had a bachelor’s degree in a field such as chemistry, chemical
`
`engineering, or materials science, and at least two years of experience studying,
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`analyzing, or preparing formulations of polymeric blends and foam/cellular
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`structures made therefrom. Ex. 1034, ¶26; see also Ex. 1002, ¶26.
`
`C. Claim Construction
`Petitioner proposes the following construction under the broadest reasonable
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`interpretation (BRI). However, the claims are anticipated or obvious regardless
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`based on patent owner’s own admission, among other reasons.
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`Preamble (Claim 1): Claim 1 recites, among other things: “[a] formulation
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`for forming an insulative cellular non-aromatic polymeric structure.” Ex. 1001,
`
`
`
`7
`
`

`
`
`
`24:2-3. Under the BRI, this recitation, appearing in the claim’s preamble, is a
`
`mere statement of intended use for a formulation that is already defined in the body
`
`of the claim and therefore provides no patentable significance. Catalina Mktg.
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`Int’l, Inc. v. Coolsavings.com, Inc., 289 F.3d 801, 808 (Fed. Cir. 2002); Ex. 1034,
`
`¶¶54-57; see also Ex. 1002, ¶¶81-84. Thus, it should be construed as having no
`
`patentable significance to the claimed subject matter.
`
`To the extent construed as limiting for any claims directed to properties of
`
`the structure, “an insulative cellular non-aromatic polymeric structure” should
`
`be construed as “an extruded structure having cells formed therein and has
`
`desirable insulative properties at given thicknesses,” also conventionally
`
`referre