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https://web.archive.org/web/20080517041952/http:/www.antiscald.com/prevention/general_info/
`table.php
`
`BOREALIS EXHIBIT 1051
`
`Page 1 of 3
`
`

`
`http://www.antiscald.com/prevention/general_info/table.php
`
`Go
`
`23 captures
`17 May 08 ­ 17 Dec 15
`
`APR MAY17
`
`2007 2008
`

`
`Celsius
`Temperature
`
`Fahrenheit
`Temperature
`
`Home
`Recent Events /
`In 1992, 13 children ages 14 and under died from scald burn­related injuries.
`News >
`EXPOSURE TIME TO RECEIVE A SEVERE BURN
`Scald Info >
`2nd Degree
`TAFR Device
`Burn
`Info
`No
`Irreversible
`Products >
`Damage
`Order Products >
`113°
`2 hours
`Media Center >
`116.6°
`20 minutes
`Website
`118.4°
`15 minutes
`Navigation Map
`*120°
`8 minutes
`Privacy Policy
`124°
`2 minutes
`Contact Us
`131°
`17 seconds
`140°
`3 seconds
`*Activation temperature = 120° max
`(response time is less than 5 seconds)
`The above table shows that a person will receive a second degree burn in 3 seconds of exposure and a
`third degree burn in 5 seconds of exposure to water of 140°F at the discharge outlet will ensure the most
`safety for users.
`
`45°
`47°
`48°
`*49°
`51°
`55°
`60°
`

`
`3rd Degree
`Burn
`Full
`Thickness
`Injury
`3 hours
`45 minutes
`20 minutes
`10 minutes
`4.2 minutes
`30 seconds
`5 seconds
`
`The American Journal of Public Health prefers a maximum temperature of 120°F for hot water.
`
`The Consumer Product Safety Commission and the plumbing industry have published a voluntary
`standard which states that the maximum allowable temperature at the water outlet to the bathing area
`should be 120°F.
`
`There are national standards set forth by the major plumbing code making bodies, which specify a
`maximum temperature of 120°F for delivered hot water.  The major code making bodies include:
`
`Southern Building Code Congress International (South)
`National Association of Plumbing, Heating and Cooling Contractors (NJ, DE, MO, NE)
`Council of American Building Officials (Regulate 1 & 2 family homes in U.S.)
`International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (West)
`Building Officials and Code Administrators (Northwest and Midwest)
`
`Other nationally recognized plumbing code bodies that have published or proposed standards specifying
`120°F as the maximum allowable discharge temperature include:
`
`American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM F444­88) Standard Consumer Safety
`Specification for Scald­Prevention Devices and Systems in Bathing Areas.
`
`American Society of Sanitary Engineers and Plumbing Manufacturers' Institute
`(ASSE 1016) ­ Individual Thermostatic Pressure Balancing and Combination Control
`Valves for  Bathing Facilities.
`
`American Society of Sanitary Engineers and the Plumbing Manufacturers' Institute
`(ASSE 1062) ­ Temperature Actuated Flow Reducers for Individual Fixture Fittings. 
`Passed the ASSE Standards Committee ­ April 26, 1996
`
`Other organizations that specify a maximum of 120°F for delivered water temperature include:
`
`Burn Prevention Foundation
`National Safe Kids Campaign
`
`Antiscald Inc.
`
`1 of 2
`
`https://web.archive.org/web/20080517041952/http:/www.antiscald.com/prevention/general_info/table.php
`
`Page 2 of 3
`
`

`
`American Society of Plumbing Engineers
`American Trauma Society
`Shriners' Burn Institute
`National Burn Victim Foundation
`American Correctional Association
`U.S. Dept of Health & Human Services (guidelines for hospital & medical facility construction)
`
`REFERENCES:
`www.ameriburn.org/Preven/Scald%202000%20Web.pdf 
`http://www.medal.org/docs_ch38/doc_ch38.03.html
`
`ORIGINAL SOURCE:
`Moritz AR Henriques FC Jr. Studies of thermal injury II:
`The relative importance of time and surface temperature in the causation of cutaneous burns. Am J
`Pathol. 1947; 23: 915­941.
`
`ALSO CHECK THE FOLLOWING SOURCES:
`
`Purdue GF Hunt JL. Chapter 10: Burn injuries. pages 105­116. IN: Ludwig S Kornberg AE (editors). Child
`Abuse A Medical Reference Second Edition. Churchill Livingstone. 1992.
`
`Rivara FP Grossman DC Cummings P. Injury Prevention. N Engl J Med. 1997; 337: 613­618.

`AntiScald Inc. is the authorized distributor of ScaldShield products.
`All Warranty and Product Liability is assumed solely by the products manufacturer and not by AntiScald Inc.
`Click here to see full legal details.
`2003 All Rights Reserved
`
`Antiscald Inc.
`
`2 of 2
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`https://web.archive.org/web/20080517041952/http:/www.antiscald.com/prevention/general_info/table.php
`
`Page 3 of 3

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