UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
`
`PATENT NO.
`DATED
`INVENTOR(S)
`
`: 6,491,647 B1
`: December 10, 2002
`: Kcith Bridger ct al.
`
`It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent is
`hereby corrected as shown below:
`
`Column 5
`
`Line 44, “elements” should read —— element
`
`Column 25
`
`Line 14, “potion” should read —— portion
`
`Column 37
`
`Line 17, “on—boar” should read —— on—board ——.
`
`Column 38
`
`Line 36, “o I” should read -— of
`
`Column 42
`
`Line 44, “elements” should read —— element
`
`Signed and Sealed this
`
`Twenty-ninth Day of November, 2005
`
`mvl/3.2.,
`
`JON W. DUDAS
`Director of the United States Patent and Trademark Oflice
`
`801 of 1568
`
`

`
`EXHIBIT G
`
`802 of 1568
`
`

`
`(12) United States Patent
`Mault
`
`(10) Patent N0.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`US006478736Bl
`
`INTEGRATED CALORIE MANAGEMENT
`SYSTEM
`
`Inventor:
`
`James R. Mault, Evergreen, CO (US)
`
`Assignee: Healthetech, Inc., Golden, CO (US)
`
`Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 12 days.
`
`Appl. No.: 09/685,625
`
`Filed:
`
`()ct. 10, 2000
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`Provisional application No. 60/158,553, filed 011 Oct. 8,
`1999, provisional application No. 60/167,276, filed 011 Nov.
`24, 1999, provisional application No. 60/177,016, filed 011
`Jail. 19, 2000, provisional application No. 60/177,011, filed
`011 Jail. 19, 2000, provisional application No. 60/178,979,
`filed 011 Jai1. 28, 2000, provisional application No. 60/194,
`126, filed 011 Apr. 3, 2000, provisional application No.
`60/200,428, filed 011 Apr. 28, 2000, provisional application
`No. 60/207,051, filed 011 May 25, 2000, provisional appli-
`cation No. 60/207,089, filed 011 May 25, 2000, provisional
`application No. 60/209,921, filed 011 Jun. 7, 2000, provi-
`sional application No. 60/219,069, filed 011 Jul. 18, 2000,
`provisional application No. 60/219,512, filed 011 Jul. 20,
`2000, and provisional application No. 60/228,680, filed on
`Aug. 29, 2000.
`
`(51)
`
`(52) U.S. Cl.
`
`Int. Cl.7 ......................... .. A61B 5/00, A61B 5/083;
`G06F 17/00
`..................... .. 600/300; 128/921; 600/531;
`708/131
`(58) Field of Search ............................... .. 600/300, 301,
`600/531, 532, 538; 128/897-925; 708/131,
`133
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`
`............. .. 128/2.07
`3/1953 White et al.
`..
`3/1958 Kritz ...... ..
`4/1958 Kritz ................... .. 73/861.28
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`198 10 476
`0459647
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`2323292
`WO 96/40340
`
`9/1998
`10/1991
`12/1995
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`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`Medical Progress Through Technology, vol. 9, No. 1, 1982
`Berlin (D), pp. 27-32, R. Salminen et al., “Computerized
`Breath-By-Breath Analysis of Respiratory Variables During
`Exercise.”
`British Journal Of Anaesthesia, vol. 49, 1977 London (GB)
`pp. 575-587, J. A. Bushman et al. “Closed Circuit Anaes-
`thesia.”.
`IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol. 35, No.
`9, Sep. 1988, pp. 653-659, Capek et al., “Noninvasive
`Measurement of Cardia Output Using Partial CO2
`ReBreathing.”
`Clinics in Chest Medicine (Review), vol. 10, 1989, pp.
`255-264, Ileigenhauser et al., “Measurement
`if Cardiac
`Output by Carbon Dioxide Rebreathing Methods. ”
`Determination Of Nitric Oxide Levels by Fluorescence
`Spectroscopy, Gabor G. and Allon N. in Biochemical, Phar-
`macological, and Clinical Aspects of Nitric Oxide, edited by
`B. A. Weissman et al., Plenum Press, New York, 1995, p. 57.
`
`Primary Examiner—Eric F. Winakur
`Assistant Examiner—David McCrosky
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm—Gifford, Krass, Groh,
`Sprinkle, Anderson & Citkowski, PC.
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`An improved health management system for a person is
`disclosed,
`in which the person’s resting metabolic rate
`(RMR) is determined at intervals using an indirect calorim-
`eter. RMR values are used in setting and revising goals in,
`for example, a Weight control program. The effects of a
`Weight control program on RMR can hence be compensated
`for, which enables an improved weight control program to
`be developed. In one embodiment, the person is provided
`with a portable electronic device, for use as a caloric intake
`calculator, caloric expenditure calculator, and caloric bal-
`ance calculator.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`49 Claims, 11 Drawing Sheets
`
`803 of 1568
`
`

`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,803,625
`4,807,169
`4 823 808
`
`4’855’945
`4’8§6’§g1
`’
`‘ "‘
`4>891>756
`43945793
`4909359
`4,911,256
`4,914,959
`4,917,108
`4,924,389
`4,951,197
`4,954,954
`4,955,946
`4,986,268
`4,998,018
`5,022,406
`5,033,561
`5,038,773
`5,038,792
`5,042,500
`5,042,501
`5,060,506
`5,060,655
`5,060,656
`5,069,220
`5,072,737
`5,081,871
`5,095,900
`5,095,913
`5,117,674
`5,119,825
`5,178,155
`5,179,958
`5,214,966
`5,233,520
`5,233,996
`5,263,491
`5,282,473
`5,285,794
`5,293,875
`5,299,579
`5,303,712
`5,309,921
`5,326,973
`5,355,879
`5,357,972
`5,363,857
`5,387,164
`5,388,043
`5,398,688
`5,398,695
`5,402,796
`5,412,560
`5,412,564
`5,419,326
`5,425,374
`5,450,193
`5,454,721
`5,468,961
`5,478,989
`5,503,151
`5,570,697
`5,632,281
`5,645,071
`5,647,370
`5,673,691
`5,676,132
`
`3>>3>>3>>3>>3>>3>>3>>>>>>>>>CI>>CI>>CI>>3>>CI>>3>>3>>>>>>>>>CI>>CI>3>3>>3>>CI>>CI>>3>>3>>11>3>>>3>>>>3>>>3>3>
`
`.
`
`.
`
`. 364/413.03
`2/1989 Fu et al.
`364/715.01
`2/1989 Overbeck ..
`.............. .. 128/773
`4/1989 Clegg et al.
`7/1989 Broadhurst et al.
`....... .. 600/532
`8/1989 Behar et al.
`364/413.01
`8/1989
`364/709.02
`8/1989 Mcrilaincn .
`..... .. 600/532
`1/1990 Williams, III ........ .. 364/413.29
`1/1990 Ikeinoto et al.
`...... .. 364/709.03
`3/1990
`600/531
`3/1990 Attikiouzcl
`. 177/25.16
`4/1990 Mylvaganam et al.
`. 73/861.28
`4/1990 Mault ....................... .. 128/718
`5/1990 Gerbaulet et al.
`364/413.29
`8/1990 Mellinger
`..... ..
`364/413.2
`9/1990 Madsen et al.
`...... .. 364/413.29
`9/1990 Mount et al.
`............. .. 600/532
`1/1991
`. 128/204
`3/1991 Kuraliaslii et al.
`. 250/343
`6/1991 Tomlinson .
`. 128/719
`7/1991 Hettinger
`. 177/25.16
`8/1991 Norlicn ct al.
`128/205.23
`8/1991 Mault
`...... ..
`128/718
`8/1991 Norlicn ct al.
`. 600/532
`8/1991 Kenny et al.
`. 600/532
`10/1991 Douglas
`. 73/24.1
`10/1991 Rudolph .
`. 128/716
`10/1991 Howard
`. 128/718
`12/1991 Casparie et al.
`.......... .. 128/719
`12/1991 Goulding .................. .. 128/718
`1/1992 Glaser ..... ..
`. 73/863.23
`3/1992 Fertig et al.
`......... .. 128/207.14
`3/1992 Yelderman et al.
`....... .. 128/719
`6/1992 Howard ..... ..
`73/31.07
`6/1992 IIuhn ....................... .. 600/529
`1/1993 Mault ....................... .. 128/718
`1/1993 Mault
`..
`. 128/718
`6/1993 Delsing ................. .. 73/861.28
`8/1993 Kretsch et al.
`364/413.29
`8/1993 Coleman et al.
`600/529
`11/1993 Thornton
`. 128/774
`2/1994 Braig et al.
`. 600/532
`2/1994 Lynch
`. 128/719
`3/1994
`. 128/719
`4/1994 Gcdcon ct al.
`. 600/532
`4/1994 Va11 Du1'e11
`..
`. 600/529
`5/1994 Kisncr ct al.
`. 600/532
`7/1994 l1'cke1'bo111 et al.
`. 250/343
`10/1994 Brain
`10/1994 Norlien .................... .. 128/725
`11/1994 Howard .................... .. 600/531
`2/1995 Brown, Jr.
`................... .. 482/9
`2/1995 Hettinger
`364/413.29
`3/1995 Laniado ............... .. 128/660.02
`3/1995 Anderson et al.
`......... .. 600/532
`4/1995 Packer et al.
`.
`128/719
`5/1995 Dennisson
`364/413.01
`5/1995 Ecer .................... .. 364/413.29
`5/1995 Harnoncourt
`.. 128/660.02
`6/1995 Ueda et al.
`600/532
`9/1995 Carlsen et al.
`. 356/301
`10/1995 Kuch
`. 434/127
`11/1995 Gradon et al.
`. 250/345
`12/1995 Shepley ..... ..
`235/375
`4/1996 Harnoneourt et al
`128/660.02
`11/1996 Walker et al.
`..
`128/719
`5/1997 Rayburn ....... ..
`. 128/719
`7/1997 Harnoncourt ct a
`. 128/719
`7/1997 Ha1'11o11cou1't
`. 128/725
`10/1997 Abrams ct al.
`........... .. 128/630
`10/1997 '1'illotso11 et al.
`..... .. 128/204.23
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`.
`
`..
`
`.................... .. 99/48
`6/1958 Vogel, Jr.
`1. 73/32
`11/1959 Kritz
`73/194
`11/1959 Kritz .... ..
`167/51.5
`1/1960 Sanders et al.
`73/190
`10/1965 Seato11 et al.
`73/204
`11/1965 Scranton et al.
`. 128/2.07
`5/1966
`. 128/2.07
`2/1967
`. 128/2.07
`8/1970
`. 128/2.08
`9/1970 .
`195/63
`8/1972
`128/2.08
`4/1973 Griffis et al.
`......... .. 128/2.07
`3/1974 Rummel et al.
`.. 128/188
`6/1974 I-Ienkin ......... ..
`....... .. 128/2.07
`9/1974 Sanctuary et al.
`7/1975 Bachman ................. .. 128/2.07
`2/1976 Ilenkin
`.. 137/613
`6/1976 Terada ....................... .. 73/204
`9/1976 Radici et al.
`............. .. 525/425
`11/1976
`235/151.34
`1/1977 Fleischmann
`137/83
`10/1977 Henkin ...... ..
`. 128/145.6
`3/1978 Lemaitre et al.
`128/2.08
`6/1978 Gordon
`.. 364/715
`..
`7/1978 Tutt et al.
`.. 235/92 T
`7/1978 Brejnik et al.
`235/92 MT
`5/1979 Hungerford ..
`...... .. 40/495
`6/1979 Brejnik et al.
`.. 235/92 MT
`2/1980 Hcnncman ct al.
`.. 128/201.25
`2/1980 Watson et al.
`..
`.. 128/204.22
`3/1980 Lipscy ..................... .. 364/415
`4/1980 Osborn ..................... .. 600/531
`4/1980 Gcdcon ct al.
`.
`128/201.13
`7/1980 Rae111e1' et al.
`........... .. 128/716
`9/1980 Scgar ct al.
`.............. .. 364/900
`9/1980
`.. 128/718
`9/1980 Sessler ...................... .. 377/13
`10/1980 Young
`1/1981 Ratcliff ..................... .. 364/413
`3/1982 Krames et al.
`........... .. 364/413
`7/1982 Johansen .................. .. 435/189
`11/1982 Ma11zella ..
`.. 128/718
`1/1983 Binder
`.. 128/718
`4/1983 Segar et al.
`. 364/900
`6/1983 Hershey
`.. 128/718
`6/1983
`177/43
`1/1984 Ogura et al.
`. 73/861.29
`4/1984 Anderson et al.
`. 600/532
`4/1984
`.. 128/716
`8/1984 Anderson et al.
`. 600/532
`1/1986 Lubell et al.
`. 128/668
`2/1986 Silverman et al.
`. 364/413
`2/1986 Cutler et al.
`.............. .. 128/718
`3/1986 Ratcliff ..................... .. 364/715
`7/1986
`.. 128/671
`9/1986 Ijnnarsson ct al.
`....... .. 128/713
`10/1986 Cutler et al.
`.............. .. 128/719
`12/1986 Fried et al.
`177/25
`3/1987 Rae111e1'
`600/534
`3/1987
`283/67
`4/1987 Brugnoli .
`.. 600/532
`8/1987 Blum et al.
`............... .. 364/415
`11/1987 Barkett et al.
`............ .. 364/413
`3/1988 Allen, III
`.
`.. 364/416
`6/1988 Gedeon ..
`.. 128/718
`7/1988 Arai
`417/43
`7/1988 Nasiff ..
`364/415
`11/1988 Fife
`128/205.12
`1/1989
`364/413.29
`1/1989
`.............. .. 600/532
`
`.
`
`.
`
`AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
`
`2,838,399
`2,869,357
`2,9 11,825
`2,920,012
`3,213,684
`3,220,255
`3,250,270
`3,306,283
`3,523,529
`3,527,205
`3,681,197
`3,726,270
`3,799,149
`3,814,091
`3,834,375
`3,895,630
`3,938,551
`3,962,9 17
`3,979,480
`3,991,304
`4,003,396
`4,031,847
`4,078,554
`4,095,274
`4,100,401
`4,101,071
`4,151,668
`4,159,416
`4,186,735
`4,188,946
`4,192,000
`4,197,857
`4,200,094
`4,211,239
`4,221 ,079
`4,221,224
`4,221,959
`4,230,108
`4,244,020
`4,321,674
`4,341,867
`4,359,057
`4,368,740
`4,380,802
`4,386,604
`4,387,777
`4,425,805
`4,440,177
`4,444,201
`4,463,764
`4,566,461
`4,571,682
`4,572,208
`4,575,804
`4,598,700
`4,608,995
`4,6 19,269
`4,629,015
`4,648,396
`4,650,218
`4,658,832
`4,686,624
`4,709,331
`4,731 ,726
`4,753,245
`4,756,670
`4,757,453
`4,781,184
`4,796,182
`4,796,639
`
`804 of 1568
`
`

`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`Page 3
`
`5,691,927
`5,704,350
`5,705,735
`5,729,479
`5,754,288
`5,789,660
`5,796,009
`5,800,360
`5,810,722
`5,816,246
`5,819,735
`5,822,715
`5,831,175
`5,832,448
`5,834,626
`5,836,300
`5,836,3 12
`5,839,901
`5,890,128
`5,908,301
`5,9 18,603
`5,922,6 10
`5,932,812
`
`>>>>>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>3>>3>>3>
`
`.. 364/709.01
`11/1997 Gump .... ..
`128/630
`1/1998 Williams, III
`73/23.3
`1/1998
`364/709.02
`3/1998
`. 356/301
`5/1998 Yamamoto et al.
`73/232
`8/1998 Kofoed et al.
`..
`. 73/861.28
`8/1998 Delsing
`. 600/532
`9/1998 Kisncr Ct 211.
`.. 600/300
`9/1998 Heikkila
`10/1998 Mirza ....................... .. 128/726
`10/1998 Mansfield et al.
`........ .. 128/630
`10/1998 Worthington Ct 211.
`702/19
`11/1998 Fletcller-Hayrles
`73/861.28
`11/1998 Brown ........................ .. 705/2
`11/1998 1)eCast1‘o et al.
`.. 73/23.3
`11/1998 Mault .................. .. 128/204.23
`11/1998 Moore ...................... .. 128/897
`11/1998 Karkanen .
`.. 434/127
`3/1999 Diaz et al.
`................... .. 705/2
`6/1999 Lutz ......................... .. 434/236
`7/1999
`.. 128/897
`7/1999 Alving et al.
`. 436/116
`8/1999 Delsing ................. .. 73/861.02
`
`5,933,136
`5,954,510
`5,954,640
`5,957,858
`5,989,188
`6,010,459
`6,013,007
`6,024,281
`6,024,699
`6,030,342
`6,032,119
`6,032,676
`6,039,688
`6,040,531
`6,042,383
`6,044,843
`6,077,193
`6,083,006
`6,095,949
`6,095,985
`6,101,478
`6,135,950
`6,135,951
`
`>>>>>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>CI>>3>>3>>3>
`
`.
`
`. 345/327
`. 434/236
`. 600/300
`. 600/532
`. 600/300
`. 600/532
`
`8/1999 Brown
`9/1999 Merrill et al.
`9/1999 Szabo
`..
`9/1999 Micheels et al.
`11/1999 Birkhoelzer el al.
`1/2000 Silkoff et al.
`1/2000 Root et al.
`.
`.
`2/2000
`. 600/300
`2/2000 Surwit et al.
`............ .. 600/301
`2/2000 Amano Ct 211.
`................ .. 705/2
`2/2000 Brown et al.
`. 128/898
`3/2000 Moorc ....... ..
`........... .. 600/300
`3/2000 Douglas et al.
`3/2000 Mi11er—KOVach et al.
`177/25.16
`3/2000 Herron ..................... .. 434/238
`4/2000 O’Neil et al.
`........ .. 128/204.23
`6/2000 Buhler et al.
`................ .. 482/8
`7/2000 Coffman
`434/127
`8/2000 Arai ............................ .. 482/4
`8/2000 Raymond et al.
`......... .. 600/513
`8/2000
`705/2
`10/2000
`. 600/300
`10/2000 Richardson et al.
`...... .. 600/300
`
`805 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`20022,1v.0N
`
`Sheet 1 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`VFIG — 1
`
`806 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`20022,1v.0N
`
`Sheet 2 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`,.\..\.
`
`3%.
`
`.
`
`\\ ...5_——_
`1“!//4Ifl_.r...
`V3.\...«VN\\\\.\...§i
`\ rIla"’llf\£
`V_fl\_§"'.H...
`
`‘X'
`
`Hl|‘l~.I‘--‘--~.‘.-~
`LWInflr‘I‘I.“‘l.’Ir’f
`
`807 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 3 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`F|G—4
`
`52
`
`54
`
`E
`
`[IUD
`
`METABOLIC
`RATE METER
`
`808 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 4 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`809 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 5 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`“DI Start
`Values
`Established?
`
`Enter User ldentity lnformatio
`_
`_
`
`Start
`Parameters
`Known?
`
`Enter Starting parameters
`
`-Start Weight, Body Fat
`—Start RMR
`
`Enter Targetsl Goals
`
`- Target Weight
`- Target Body Fat %
`- Target Weight Loss Rate
`- Diet Planning
`
`Log Data (Menu Choice)
`
`-Caloric Intake
`—Body fat %
`-Weight
`-Physical Activity
`-RMR
`
`View Current Balance/Trends
`
`-Daily Calorie Balance
`-Weekly Calorie Balance
`-Weight Trends
`-Body Fat Trends
`
`810 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 6 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`Personal Profile
`
`®
`
`Baseline Measurements B
`
`Birth Date: §_Q/__1__(Q_/_
`Gender: [I
`My goal for my weight is to:
`V lose weight/fat
`My preferred units:
`V US (Iblin)
`
`lbs.
`I0-Iin.
`-mm electi known.Frame Size: S ‘f
`
`
`
`Body Fat“
`othenmse.__ E
`_
`-mi
`El% Ei'?f§RlIé;”f’.‘””
`
`PERSONAL DATA ENTRY
`
`STARTING DATA ENTRY
`
`FIG - 7A
`
`BaIaInceLog Targets
`
`*1?
`‘if
`
`Body Health
`Weight & Date
`RM R:
`Balance
`Nutrition
`
`Activity Plan
`
`Balance Target Summary
`Calories per Day:
`
`"1552
`A
`Balance
`
`Burn
`3101
`
`Resting:
`Lifestyles:
`exercise:
`
`1 549
`1352
`200
`
`At a rate of 1.41 lbs/week, you should
`reach your goal by 10/1100
`
`BALANCE LOG TARGETS
`
`BALANCE TARGET SUMMARY
`
`Nutrient Targets
`Calories
`Total Fat
`Saturated Fat
`Cholesterol
`Sodium
`Carbohydrates
`Dietary Fiber
`Sugars
`Protein
`Vitamin A
`Vitamin C
`
`FIG - 8B
`
`Resting
`Life-style
`-—) Exercise
`
`Total Calories
`
`@ Calories per day
`burned in exercise
`D custom or use calculator—> -W
`D minimum for health
`E
`
`E no exercise
`
`NUTRIENT TARGETS
`
`ACTIVITY PLAN TARGET
`
`FIG —- 8C
`
`FIG - 8D
`
`811 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 7 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`Resting Metabolism [D
`—) Resting
`Life-style
`Exercise
`
`Total Calories
`
`Your resting metabolic rate (RMR)
`an be measured by a Healthe Tech
`device such as the GEM.
`
`Calories
`
`1 l5l4-l
`if you do not have access
`to a GEM Ba|anceLog
`can estimate this...
`
`RMR TARGETS
`
`FIG - 8E
`
`Body Report
`At: your current weight of 147 lbs.
`You are above the healthy range
`which is 132- 144 lbs.
`
`6
`
`Your current body is: 16%
`A healthy range is: 10 - 20%
`
`Your current BMI is: 24.5
`
`A healthy range is: 20—24
`
`BODY HEALTH TARGETS
`
`FIG - 8F
`
`Find... Food
`Y7 all food groups
`V’ all subcategories...
`T name begins with...
`
`D 100% Natural
`D 40% Bran Flakes
`D acerola
`D acerola juice
`D All—Bran extra Fiber
`D allspice
`D Alphabets
`D animal fat
`
`Find Activity...
`‘7 all categories...
`‘7 name begins with...
`:2) aerobic dance
`ID archery
`jb backpack
`D badminton
`',D baseball
`fD basketball
`:D bathe
`:D bike
`‘D billiards
`
`Ct? to L09)
`
`c:e«
`
`812 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 8 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`EEEEEE
`
`Balance
`_290
`
`,«/’
`,,
`/
`2901
`
`routine
`2901
`-0.29% activity
`
`O
`
`0
`B’Fast
`0
`Lunch
`Dinner 0
`Snacks 0
`
`Calories in
`
`t_______..
`Calories out
`E
`Balance
`
`Balance Surplus
`Eating less than target 0
`Burning more than target 2901
`total —2901
`
`P
`4
`DAILY BALANCE SCREEN
`
`4 (9/10/00- 9/15/00)}
`WEEKLY BALANCE SCREEN
`
`FlG—11A
`
`F|G- ’|1B
`
`EMEEEE
`_’\_"_ Balance Log Reports
`Balance
`Reports
`Graph
`Nutrition
`&"
`Totals
`Fuel Mix 9
`Body Trend
`Summary (ti
`Graphs
`11],
`BALANCE LOG REPORTS
`
`ZS
`‘er
`
`FIG - 12A
`
`Target
`Actual
`Fat C|20%
`|]]]]l35%
`|:|4o% Protein 25%
`25% Carbs M55041
`
`4( 9/10/00)}
`FUEL MIX
`(NUTRITIION BREAKDOWN)
`FIG -12B
`
`Body Trend Summary
`Weight: ?Tj_l 0%
`Started: 9/11/00 was
`150 lbs
`149 lbs
`Today: 9/11/O0 is
`144'bS
`Target: 10/23/00 is
`To Go: 42 Days
`Elapsed: 0 Days
`To G0: -5.08 lbs
`Change: 1 lbs
`
`Body Fat:
`
` j0%
`
`Start: 18% Current: 18% Ideal: 15%
`RMR: Start: 1 568
`Current: 1568
`
`@)
`
`BODY TRENDS
`
`FIG — 12C
`
`813 of 1568
`
`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 9 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`814 of 1568
`
`

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`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
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`Sheet 10 of 11
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`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`82
`
`Physician’s
`PC
`
`74
`
`Heart Rate
`Monitor
`
`50
`
`Calorimeter
`
`Computing
`Device
`
`Activity
`
`72
`
`FIG- 15
`
`4
`
`70
`
`D
`
`80
`
`C
`
`.
`
`A
`
`V
`
`V
`
`A
`
`92 \
`
`I
`Provider1 ’
`
`TV
`
`V
`
`:
`K 90
`
`FIG — 16
`
`815 of 1568
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Nov. 12, 2002
`
`Sheet 11 of 11
`
`US 6,478,736 B1
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`816 of 1568
`
`

`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`1
`INTEGRATED CALORIE MANAGEMENT
`SYSTEM
`
`REFERENCED TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
`
`This application claims priority from U.S. provisional
`applications Ser. Nos. 60/158,553, filed Oct. 8, 1999; No.
`60/167,276, filed Nov. 24, 1999; No. 60/177,016, filed Jan.
`19, 2000; No. 60/177,011, filed Jan. 19, 2000; No. 60/178,
`979, filed Jan. 28, 2000; No. 60/194,126, filed Apr. 3, 2000;
`No. 60/200,428, filed Apr. 28, 2000; No. 60/207,051, filed
`May 25, 2000; No. 60/207,089, filed May 25, 2000; No.
`60/209,921, filed Jun. 7, 2000; No. 60/219,069, filed Jul. 18,
`2000; No. 60/219,512, filed Jul. 20, 2000; and 60/228,680,
`filed Aug. 29, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein in
`their entirety by reference.
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`This invention relates to health management, in particular,
`to weight control.
`BACKGROUND OF‘ THE INVENTION
`
`Good health and weight control are of considerable inter-
`est to a large number of people. Many people engage in
`conventional weight
`loss schemes, usually based on a
`restricted calorie diet. Physical activity may be included in
`a weight control program. A calorie management system
`allows a person to compare their caloric expenditure, com-
`prising resting metabolic rate (RMR) and activity—related
`caloric expenditure, to their caloric intake in the form of '
`food and beverages. Caloric expenditure has two
`components, a larger contribution related to resting meta-
`bolic processes, and a smaller contribution related to the
`energy expended in physical activity. We may say that total
`energy expenditure (TEE) is the sum of resting energy
`expenditure (REE, a product of resting metabolic rate and
`the time-period of interest) and activity related energy
`expenditure (AEE), i.e.:
`'l'EE=REE+AEE
`
`Caloric balance is defined in terms of the difference
`between TEE and the caloric intake of the person.
`In some prior systems of weight control, a person’s RMR
`has been estimated using the Harris-Benedict equation,
`which relates RMR to body height, weight, age, and gender.
`This equation is well known to those skilled in the diet and
`nutrition arts (e.g. Williams, certificate of correction to U.S.
`Pat. No. 5,704,350, and Krause and Mahon, “Food Nutrition
`and Diet Therapy”). Alternatively, charts and tables, usually
`based on the Harris-Benedict equation, may be used. Addi-
`tional demographic factors and body fat percentage may be
`included to improve the estimate of RMR.
`It is important to realize that the values of RMR obtained
`using equations, tables, charts and the like, only provide an
`estimated RMR value for an average person. A person with
`a given height, weight, or other physical parameter (such as
`may be entered into the IIarris-Benedict equation or modi-
`fied equation) may have an actual RMR that is significantly
`different from the estimate. Actual RMR values for indi-
`viduals within a group of apparently similar persons will fall
`on a distribution around the estimated RMR value for an
`average person. This distribution leads to errors in the
`calorie needs calculated for a person in a weight control
`program.
`Additionally, there is an even more serious inadequacy in
`conventional weight control programs. The RMR of a per-
`
`2
`son changes unpredictably as a weight control program
`progresses. A person may respond to the perceived starva-
`tion conditions through a significant drop in RMR. As a
`consequence, such a person may even gain weight on a
`reduced calorie diet if their caloric intake required to main-
`tain a given weight falls below the reduced value prescribed
`by the diet. This is an unsatisfactory outcome to a weight
`control program. Other people may suffer no fall in meta-
`bolic rate during the restricted calorie diet. If the weight
`control program contains an exercise component, the resting
`metabolic rate of a person may even increase during the
`program. The IIarris-Benedict equation predicts that resting
`metabolism will fall as body weight
`is lost, but
`is not
`intended to predict the actual response of a person’s resting
`metabolic rate to a weight control program. IIence, estimat-
`ing the resting metabolic rate of a person using an equation
`may lead to large errors in calculating the calorie needs and
`activity levels required for an effective weight control pro-
`gram. Hence, an improved weight control method which
`accurately compensates for changes in metabolic rate over
`time will be of great value.
`RMR can be determined using an indirect calorimeter.
`Conventional devices are large, expensive, and difficult to
`use so that expert assistance is essential. Aperson will need
`to report to a specific location, such as a hospital, for use of
`a conventional indirect calorimeter. There is considerable
`difficulty and expense associated with conventional indirect
`calorimeter use, so that conventional weight loss programs
`do not monitor the RMR of the person in the program, but
`rather rely on an estimate such as provided by the Harris
`Benedict equation.
`A very large number of weight loss approaches have been
`proposed, all of which suller from the above discussed
`shortcomings. For example,
`in U.S. Pat. No. 5,704,350,
`Williams describes a nutritional microcomputer and method
`of use in a weight control program. A hand—held device is
`described which enables a diet log to be recorded, activity
`levels to be recorded, and diet goals to be set. The Harris
`Benedict equation is used to calculate the user’s daily caloric
`expenditure. Hence this device and method fails to take into
`account the change in RMR at the onset of a diet.
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,673,691 to Abrams et al. describe an
`apparatus to control weight, in which caloric intake levels
`are adjusted on the basis of changes in the user’s body
`weight. The actual metabolic rate of the user is not deter-
`mined in the described method of using this device.
`In U.S. Pat. No. 4,951,197, Mellinger describes a diet
`method in which caloric expenditure is calculated from the
`weight of the person. Individual variations in RMR, and
`RMR changes during a diet, are not taken into account.
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,890,128, Diaz et al. describe a hand-
`held calorie computer for use in a weight control program.
`For weight loss, caloric intake is decreased gradually so as
`to hopefully avoid abrupt changes in the user’s metabolic
`rate. Ilowever, this is not as effective as actually measuring
`the user’s metabolic rate and compensating for changes, as
`described in embodiments of the present invention.
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,705,735, Acorn describes monitoring
`the oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of a
`patient on a ventilator, and using the data to assess nutri-
`tional requirements. This apparatus not intended to provide
`information to the patient, but rather to a health professional
`in attendance, and is not convenient for use in a weight
`control program.
`In U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,188, Birkhoelzer et al. describe the
`use of indirect calorimetrics in determining the energy
`balance of a living subject. However, Birkhoelzer et al. do
`
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`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`3
`not envision the problematical effects of metabolic change
`caused by a weight control program on predicting the
`outcome of the weight control program. They do not
`describe a weight control program in which the RMR of the
`subject is monitored through the course of the program, and
`do not describe how changes in RMR may be used to modify
`the recommended caloric intake, activity levels, and/or
`target goals of a weight control program.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`Recently, James R. Mault, invented a low-cost, hand-held,
`portable indirect calorimeter, referred to as a Gas Exchange
`Monitor
`This device allows accurate measurement
`of resting metabolic rate (RMR).
`The inventor, James R. Mault, has carried out RMR
`measurements of persons in a weight control program, and
`found significant decreases in RMR which cannot be
`accounted for by weight
`loss using the Harris—Benedict
`equation.
`The present invention accordingly overcomes the defi-
`ciencies of the prior art by measuring the resting metabolic
`rate (RMR) of a person at intervals, and modifying the RMR
`component of caloric balance on a dynamic basis to com-
`pensate for changes in metabolism which occur during
`weight control, particularly weight loss.
`In the improved weight control program described herein,
`an indirect calorimeter is 11sed to monitor the RMR of a
`person at intervals. The RMR values are used to modify the
`caloric intake and/or activity levels recommended in the
`weight control program.
`The GEM allows direct measurement (not estimates) of a
`person’s RMR at intervals as a person’s metabolism changes
`as a result of a weight control program. RMR changes may
`be accurately tracked over the course of a weight
`loss
`program. RMR may be measured at 1nore frequent intervals
`(for example, once every 1-5 days) at the start of a weight
`control program, when metabolism changes may be 1nore
`rapid. The measurement intervals may be lengthened (for
`example to every 1-4 weeks) if the person’s RMR settles
`down to an approximately constant value in the course of a
`weight control program.
`In a conventional weight loss program, a person will often
`become discouraged due to small or non-existent actual
`weight losses. This is often due to a failure to take RMR
`changes into account. The present invention allows a person
`to intelligently navigate a weight control program. Caloric
`intake may be reduced, activity levels increased, or weight
`loss expectations may be modified to take into account the
`changing val11e of RMR.
`In one embodiment of the present invention, a person is
`provided with a portable computing device, such as a
`personal digital assistant, with software which enables the
`device to function as a caloric intake calculator, a caloric
`expenditure calculator, and a caloric balance calculator. A
`body weight target may be set, and the initial RMR value
`used to suggest a caloric intake level and activity level by
`which the target weight may be achieved in a reasonable
`time. Soon after the start of the weight control program, the
`person may be prompted or otherwise reminded to
`re-determine their RMR level. RMR may change signifi-
`cantly at the beginning of a weight control program. Any
`significant changes in RMR may be used to re-calculate a
`reasonable balance of caloric intake, caloric expenditure,
`and time needed to reach a certain body weight goal. The
`RMR of the person is measured at intervals through the
`duration of the weight control program, so as to revise the
`
`4
`parameters of the program in a 1nanner consistent with a
`successful outcome.
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a user breathing through
`an indirect calorimeter;
`FIG. 2 is a perspective View of an indirect calorimeter;
`FIG. 3 is a cross—sectional view of an indirect calorimeter;
`FIG. 4 is a schematic of a system embodiment of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 5 illustrates an indirect calorimeter in communica-
`tion with a portable computing device;
`FIG. 6 is a llowchart of software which may run on a
`computing device, according to embodiments of the present
`invention;
`FIGS. 7-12 illustrate example screens provided by soft-
`ware running on a computing device;
`FIG. 13 is a schematic of a system embodiment of the
`present invention, including an activity sensor;
`FIGS. 14A and 14B show a user carrying an activity
`sensor;
`
`FIG. 15 is a schematic of another system embodiment of
`the present invention;
`FIG. 16 is a schematic of another system embodiment, by
`which improved feedback may be provided to the user;
`FIG. 17 shows a wrist-mounted computing device; and
`FIG. 18 illustrates a user breathing through an indirect
`calorimeter in communication with a desktop computer.
`DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
`INVENTION
`
`Aperson’s caloric balance is the difference between their
`caloric intake (from food, beverages, and other
`consumables) and their caloric expenditure. Hence, an effec-
`tive calorie management system has two components. It
`n1ust monitor caloric intake, and n1ust also monitor caloric
`expenditure in terms of resting metabolism and physical
`activity levels.
`Diet logging software and activity sensors are known in
`the art. However, conventional weight control programs do
`not compensate for changes in resting metabolism during the
`course of a weight control program. In the improved weight
`control program described here, an indirect calorimeter is
`used to measure the RMR of a person at intervals. The
`values of RMR are then used in a calorie management
`system.
`Recently, James R. Mault, invented an improved indirect
`calorimeter. This device, sometimes known as the gas
`exchange monitor (GEM),
`is preferably used in the
`improved weight and health control program described here.
`The improved indirect calorimeter is best described in
`co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/630,398,
`which is incorporated herein in its entirety by reference. A
`brief description of the calorimeter follows.
`Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, the calorimeter according to
`U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/630,398 is generally
`shown at 10. The calorimeter 10 includes a body 12 and a
`respiratory connector, such as mask 14, extending from the
`body 12. In use, the body 12 is grasped in the hand of a user
`and the mask 14 is brought into contact with the user’s face
`so as to surround their mouth and nose, as best shown in
`FIG. 1. An optional pair of straps 15 is also shown in FIG.
`1. With the mask 14 in contact with their face, the user
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`818 of 1568
`
`

`
`US 6,478,736 B1
`
`5
`breathes normally through the calorimeter 10 for a period of
`time. The calorimeter 10 measures a variety of factors and
`calculates one or 1nore respiratory parameters, such as
`oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. A power button 16
`is located on the top side of the calorimeter 10 and allows the
`user to control the calorimeter’s functions. A display screen
`is disposed behind lens 18 on the side of the calorimeter
`body 12 opposite the mask 14. Test results are displayed on
`the screen following a test.
`FIG. 3 shows a vertical cross section of the calorimeter
`10. The flow path for respiration gases through the calorim-
`eter 10 is illustrated by arrows A—G. In use, when a user
`exhales,
`their exhalation passes through the mask 14,
`through the calorimeter 10, and out to ambient air. Upon
`inhalation, ambient air is drawn into and through the calo-
`rimeter and through the respiratory connector to the user.
`Exhaled air passes through inlet conduit 30, and enters
`connected concentric chamber 48. Excess moisture in a
`user’s exhalations tends to drop out of the exhalation flow
`and fall to the lower end of the concentric chamber 48.
`Concentric chamber 48 serves to introduce the respiration
`gases to the flow tube 36 from all radial directions as evenly
`as possible. Exhaled air flows downwardly through a flow
`path 38 formed by the inside surface of the flow tube 36.
`Exhaled air enters outlet flow passage 42, via concentric
`chamber 28, and passes through the grill 44 to ambient air.
`Flow rates through the flow path 38 are determined using
`a pair of ultrasonic transducers 20 and 22. An oxygen sensor
`40, in contact with respiratory gas flow through opening 32,
`is used to measure the partial pressure of oxygen in the gas 8
`flow. Integration of oxygen concentration and flow rate
`allows in