(12) United States Patent
`Teller et al.
`
`111111
`
`1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
`US006605038Bl
`
`(10) Patent No.:
`(45) Date of Patent:
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`(54) SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HEALTH,
`WELLNESS AND FITNESS
`
`4,531,527 A
`4,557,273 A
`
`7/1985 Reinhold, Jr. et a!.
`12/1985 Stoller et a!.
`
`(75)
`
`Inventors: Eric Teller, Pittsburgh, PA (US); John
`M. Stivoric, Pittsburgh, PA (US);
`Christopher D. Kasabach, Pittsburgh,
`PA (US); Christopher D. Pacione,
`Pittsburgh, PA (US); John L. Moss,
`Monroeville, PA (US); Craig B. Liden,
`Sewickley, PA (US); Margaret A.
`McCormack, Pittsburgh, PA (US)
`
`(73) Assignee: Body Media, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA (US)
`( * ) Notice:
`
`Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
`patent is extended or adjusted under 35
`U.S.C. 154(b) by 256 days.
`
`(21) Appl. No.: 09/602,537
`
`(22) Filed:
`
`Jun.23,2000
`
`Related U.S. Application Data
`
`( 63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 09/595,660, filed on
`Jun. 16, 2000.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`EP
`wo
`
`0 707 825 A2
`wo 99/27483
`
`4/1996
`6/1999
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"A Lightweight Ambulatory Physiological Monitoring Sys(cid:173)
`tem" (undated), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Cali(cid:173)
`fornia.
`"Georgia Tech Researchers Develop First 'SmartT -shirt',"
`Nov. 14, 1997 press release, Georgia Institute of Technol(cid:173)
`ogy.
`"Personal Health Monitor for Homes," Timo Tuomisto and
`Vesa Pentikainen, ERCIM News, No. 29, Apr. 1997.
`
`(List continued on next page.)
`
`Primary Examiner-Max F. Hindenburg
`Assistant Examiner-Michael C Astorino
`(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm---Metz Lewis LLC; Philip E.
`Levy; Barry I. Friedman
`
`(51)
`
`Int. Cl? .................................................. A61B 5/00
`
`(57)
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`(52) U.S. Cl. ....................... 600/300; 128/904; 128/920;
`705/3; 482/8; 455!73
`
`(58) Field of Search ................................. 600/300-301,
`600/306, 549, 557, 587, 595; 128/903,
`904, 920, 923-925; 705/2-4; 702/19; 374/29-30,
`100; 455!73; 482/8-9
`
`(56)
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
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`Lester ........................ 600/549
`Wada
`Steuer eta!.
`Ward
`
`A system for detecting, monitoring and reporting physi(cid:173)
`ological information includes a sensor device adapted to be
`worn on the upper arm that includes at least one of an
`accelerometer, a GSR sensor and a heat flux sensor and
`generates data indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic
`skin response and heat flow. The sensor device may also
`generate derived data from at least a portion of the data
`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
`and heat flow. The system includes a central monitoring unit
`that generates analytical status data from at least one of the
`data indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin
`response and heat flow, the derived data, and previously
`generated analytical status data, a means for establishing
`electronic communication between the sensor device and the
`central monitoring unit, and a means for transmitting data to
`a recipient.
`
`73 Claims, 17 Drawing Sheets
`
`55
`,--------------=~
`
`30
`
`Central
`Monitoring
`Unit
`
`FITBIT EXHIBIT 1006
`
`Page 1 of 37
`
`

`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`Page 2
`
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`4,608,987 A
`4,622,979 A
`4,676,254 A
`4,757,453 A
`RE32,758 E
`4,784,162 A
`4,803,625 A
`4,819,860 A
`4,827,943 A
`4,828,257 A
`4,891,756 A
`4,958,645 A
`4,966,154 A
`4,981,139 A
`5,007,427 A
`5,012,411 A
`5,027,824 A
`5,050,612 A
`5,072,458 A
`5,111,818 A
`5,148,002 A
`5,216,599 A
`5,224,479 A
`5,263,491 A
`5,285,398 A
`5,305,244 A
`5,335,664 A
`5,353,793 A
`5,435,315 A
`5,445,149 A
`5,458,123 A
`5,474,090 A
`5,484,389 A
`5,491,651 A
`5,511,553 A
`5,515,858 A
`5,515,865 A
`5,524,618 A
`5,555,490 A
`5,559,497 A
`5,566,679 A
`5,581,238 A
`5,581,492 A
`5,611,085 A
`5,617,477 A
`5,622,180 A
`5,645,068 A
`5,670,944 A
`5,673,692 A
`5,686,516 A
`5,687,734 A
`5,704,350 A
`5,719,743 A
`5,724,025 A
`5,726,631 A
`5,741,217 A
`5,752,976 A
`5,771,001 A
`5,778,882 A
`5,798,907 A
`5,813,766 A *
`5,813,994 A
`5,823,975 A
`5,827,180 A
`5,828,943 A
`5,832,296 A
`5,832,448 A
`5,853,005 A
`5,855,550 A
`5,865,733 A
`
`9/1986 Mills
`11/1986 Katchis et a!.
`6/1987 Frohn
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`10/1988
`Zartman
`Ricks eta!.
`11/1988
`2/1989
`Fu eta!.
`Hargrove et a!.
`4/1989
`5/1989
`Bornn eta!.
`5/1989
`Dyer eta!.
`1!1990
`Williams et a!.
`9/1990
`Cadell eta!.
`10/1990 Cooper et a!.
`1/1991 Pfohl
`4/1991 Suzuki et a!.
`Policastro et a!.
`4/1991
`7/1991
`Dougherty et a!.
`9/1991
`Matsumura
`12/1991
`Suzuki
`5/1992
`Suzuki eta!.
`9/1992 Kuo et a!.
`6/1993 Uebe et a!.
`7/1993 Sekine
`11/1993 Thornton
`2/1994 Janik
`4/1994 Newman et a!.
`Nagashima
`8/1994
`Bornn
`10/1994
`McPhee eta!.
`7/1995
`8/1995
`Rotolo eta!.
`10/1995
`Unger
`12/1995
`Begun eta!.
`1!1996
`Stark eta!.
`2/1996
`Janik
`4/1996
`Segalowitz
`5/1996
`Myllymaki
`5/1996
`Scanlon
`6/1996
`Pottgen et a!.
`9/1996
`Carroll
`9/1996
`Hong
`10/1996
`Herriott
`12/1996
`Chang eta!.
`12/1996
`Janik
`3/1997
`Rasmussen
`4/1997
`Boyden
`4/1997
`Tammi eta!.
`7/1997
`Mezack eta!.
`9/1997
`Myllymaki
`10/1997
`Schulze et a!.
`11/1997
`Tzur
`11/1997
`Dempsey et a!.
`1!1998
`Williams, III
`2/1998
`Jenkins et a!.
`3/1998 Tavori
`3/1998 Lin
`4/1998
`Gero
`5/1998
`Duffin eta!.
`6/1998
`Cobb
`7/1998
`Raymond et a!.
`8/1998
`Janik
`9/1998 Chen .......................... 374/141
`9/1998 Pottgen et a!.
`10/1998 Stark et a!.
`10/1998 Goodman
`Brown
`10/1998
`Wang eta!.
`11/1998
`11/1998
`Brown
`12/1998
`Scanlon
`1/1999 Lai et a!.
`2/1999 Malinouskas et a!.
`
`5,868,669 A
`5,868,671 A
`5,871,451 A
`5,879,163 A
`5,879,309 A
`5,884,198 A
`5,888,172 A
`5,897,493 A
`5,899,855 A
`5,902,250 A
`5,908,396 A
`5,912,865 A *
`5,913,310 A
`5,919,141 A
`5,929,782 A
`5,933,136 A
`5,951,300 A
`5,956,501 A
`5,960,403 A
`6,032,119 A
`6,047,203 A
`6,059,692 A
`6,091,973 A
`6,101,478 A
`6,154,668 A
`6,168,563 B1
`6,184,797 B1
`6,198,394 B1 *
`6,247,647 B1 *
`6,248,065 B1
`6,285,897 B1
`6,290,646 B1
`6,292,698 B1
`6,298,218 B1
`6,306,088 B1
`6,312,363 B1
`6,366,871 B1
`6,368,287 B1
`6,371,123 B1
`6,341,229 B1
`6,416,471 B1
`6,450,953 B1
`6,454,708 B1
`
`2/1999 Iliff
`2/1999 Mahoney
`2/1999 Unger et a!.
`3/1999 Brown eta!.
`3/1999 Johnson et a!.
`3/1999 Kese et a!.
`3/1999 Andrus et a!.
`4/1999 Brown
`5/1999 Brown
`5/1999 Verrier et a!.
`6/1999 Hayakawa et a!.
`6/1999 Ortega ....................... 368/276
`6/1999 Brown
`7/1999 Money eta!.
`7/1999 Stark et a!.
`8/1999 Brown
`9/1999 Brown
`9/1999 Brown
`9/1999 Brown
`2/2000 Brown et a!.
`4/2000 Sackner et a!.
`5!2000 Hickman
`7/2000 Colla et a!.
`8/2000 Brown
`11/2000 Pedersen et a!.
`1/2001 Brown
`2/2001 Stark et a!.
`3/2001 Jacobsen et a!. ......... 340/573.1
`... ... 235/462.36
`6/2001 Courtney et a!.
`6/2001 Brown
`9/2001 Kilcoyne et a!.
`9/2001 Cosentino et a!.
`9/2001 Duffin et a!.
`10/2001 Lowe et a!.
`10/2001 Krausman et a!.
`11/2001 Watterson et a!.
`4/2002 Geva
`4/2002 Hadas
`4/2002 Stark et a!.
`6/2002 Akiva
`7/2002 Kumar eta!.
`9/2002 Place et a!.
`9/2002 Ferguson et a!.
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`
`"CYBeR-CARE Announces U.S. Patent Office Allows 25
`Additional Claims for its Internet Healthcare Technologies,"
`BW Health Wire, Oct. 7, 1999.
`
`"Nearer to the Heart," Briana Krebs, Washington Post, Jan.
`17, 1999.
`
`"Portable Sensor Provides Remote Monitoring of Heart,"
`Nikkei Weekly, Oct. 27, 1998.
`
`"FDA Clears New Datex-Ohmeda 3900/3900P Pulse
`Oximeter with World's First Remote Fax Capability," BW
`HealthWire, Dec. 3, 1998.
`
`"Estee Soft Announces New Version of LifeConnect, Pro(cid:173)
`viding Advanced Telemonitoring Capabilities for the Mobile
`Practitioner," Business Wire, Jan. 20, 1999.
`
`"Matsushita Electric Works to Sell Home Health Check
`System," The Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Dec. 17, 1998.
`
`* cited by examiner
`
`Page 2 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 1 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`Sheet 2 of 17
`Aug. 12, 2003
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
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`Sheet 5 of 17
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`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`Page 7 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 6 of 17
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`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`Page 8 of 37
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 7 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`Page 9 of 37
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 8 of 17
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`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`Page 10 of 37
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`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 9 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`7
`14
`21
`28
`
`' ~ 1 2 3 4 5
`
`~
`
`~
`
`FIG. 9
`
`-c:
`----325
`
`Page 11 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 10 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`330
`
`-
`
`Personal
`Hygine
`Bathe
`
`Personal
`Time
`Quality
`Time
`Work
`Time
`Lesure
`Time
`Mind
`Stimulations
`
`~
`~
`~
`~
`~
`~
`~
`
`1 2 3 4 5
`8 9 10 11
`12
`15 16 17 18 19
`22 23 24 25 26
`29 30
`
`6
`13
`20
`27
`
`7
`14
`21
`28
`
`FIG. 10
`
`345
`
`Page 12 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 11 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`350
`
`·-
`
`210
`
`~
`::::::::::::::: 76%
`
`~·
`~·
`32%
`~·
`
`Sun
`Sat
`Fri
`Thurs
`Tues Wed
`Mon
`Jun 10 Jun 11 Jun 12 Jun 13 Jun 14 Jun 15 Jun 16
`
`Sleep
`
`Activity
`Level
`
`Mind
`Centering
`
`Daily
`Activity
`
`~
`~
`~
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`~
`~
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`M
`
`8
`15
`22
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`23 24
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`112
`119
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`27
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`s
`7
`14
`21
`28
`
`FIG. 11
`
`Page 13 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 12 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`405
`
`I I -
`
`..---410
`
`---420
`
`-418
`
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`FIG. 12
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`'------
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`400
`
`466
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`
`FIG. 13
`
`Page 14 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 13 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`400 " \
`
`405
`
`FIG. 14
`
`400"
`405
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`FIG. 15
`
`4~~0
`
`418
`
`418
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`Page 15 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 14 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`400~
`
`470
`
`405
`
`410
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`475
`
`FIG. 16
`400\
`
`430
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`429
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`
`427
`
`43J
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`416
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`426
`
`Page 16 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 15 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`410
`
`435
`
`~47'0
`~
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`445
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`440
`
`475
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`455
`
`610
`
`FIG. 18
`
`Page 17 of 37
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Aug. 12, 2003
`
`Sheet 16 of 17
`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
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`t::
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`Page 18 of 37
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`

`
`505
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`500
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`AID
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`540
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`3 Axis Accel
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`RF Receiver
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`Unit
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`Sensor
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`Page 19 of 37
`
`

`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`1
`SYSTEM FOR MONITORING HEALTH,
`WELLNESS AND FITNESS
`
`CROSS REFERENCE TO A RELATED
`APPLICATION
`
`This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. appli(cid:173)
`cation Ser. No. 09!595,660, filed on Jun. 16, 2000.
`
`FIELD OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention relates to a system for monitoring
`health, wellness and fitness, and in particular, to a system for
`collecting, using a sensor device, and storing at a remote site
`data relating to an individual's physiological state, lifestyle,
`and various contextual parameters, and making such data
`and analytical information based on such data available to
`the individual, preferably over an electronic network.
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`Research has shown that a large number of the top health
`problems in society are either caused in whole or in part by
`an unhealthy lifestyle. More and more, our society requires
`people to lead fast-paced, achievement-oriented lifestyles
`that often result in poor eating habits, high stress levels, lack
`of exercise, poor sleep habits and the inability to find the
`time to center the mind and relax. Recognizing this fact,
`people are becoming increasingly interested in establishing
`a healthier lifestyle.
`Traditional medicine, embodied in the form of an HMO or 30
`similar organizations, does not have the time, the training, or
`the reimbursement mechanism to address the needs of those
`individuals interested in a healthier lifestyle. There have
`been several attempts to meet the needs of these individuals,
`including a perfusion of fitness programs and exercise
`equipment, dietary plans, self-help books, alternative
`therapies, and most recently, a plethora of health information
`web sites on the Internet. Each of these attempts are targeted
`to empower the individual to take charge and get healthy.
`Each of these attempts, however, addresses only part of the 40
`needs of individuals seeking a healthier lifestyle and ignores
`many of the real barriers that most individuals face when
`trying to adopt a healthier lifestyle. These barriers include
`the fact that the individual is often left to himself or herself
`to find motivation, to implement a plan for achieving a
`healthier lifestyle, to monitor progress, and to brainstorm
`solutions when problems arise; the fact that existing pro(cid:173)
`grams are directed to only certain aspects of a healthier
`lifestyle, and rarely come as a complete package; and the
`fact that recommendations are often not targeted to the
`unique characteristics of the individual or his life circum-
`stances.
`
`2
`the individual's arm. The sensor device may also be adapted
`to provide audible, visible or tactile feedback to the wearer.
`The system also includes a central monitoring unit located
`remote from the sensor device. The central monitoring unit
`5 generates analytical status data from at least one of the data
`indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
`and heat flow, the derived data, and analytical status data that
`has previously been generated. The central monitoring unit
`may also be adapted to generate derived data from the data
`10 indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
`and heat flow. The central monitoring unit also includes a
`data storage device for retrievably storing the data it receives
`and generates. The disclosed system also includes means for
`establishing electronic communication between the sensor
`15 device and the central monitoring unit. Also included in the
`system is a means for transmitting the data indicative of at
`least one of activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow,
`the derived data, and/or the analytical status data to a
`recipient, such as the individual or a third party authorized
`20 by the individual.
`The central monitoring unit may be adapted to generate
`one or more web pages containing the data indicative of at
`least one of activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow,
`the derived data, and/or the analytical status data. The web
`25 pages generated by the central monitoring unit are accessible
`by the recipient over an electronic network, such as the
`Internet. Alternatively, the data indicative of at least one of
`activity, galvanic skin response and heat flow, the derived
`data, and/or the analytical status data may be transmitted to
`the recipient in a physical form such as mail or facsimile.
`The system may also obtain life activities data of the
`individual and may use such life activities data when gen(cid:173)
`erating the analytical status data. Furthermore, the sensor
`device may also be adapted to generate data indicative of
`35 one or more contextual parameters of the individual. The
`system may then use the data indicative of one or more
`contextual parameters when generating the analytical status
`data.
`Also disclosed is a system for monitoring the degree to
`which an individual has followed a suggested routine. The
`system includes a sensor device as described above. Also
`included is a means for transmitting the data that is gener(cid:173)
`ated by the sensor device to a central monitoring unit remote
`from the sensor device and means for providing life activi-
`45 ties data of the individual to the central monitoring unit. The
`central monitoring unit is adapted to generate and provide
`feedback to a recipient relating to the degree to which the
`individual has followed the suggested routine. The feedback
`is generated from at least a portion of at least one of the data
`50 indicative of at least one of activity, galvanic skin response
`and heat flow, the derived data, and the life activities data.
`The suggested routine may include a plurality of
`categories, wherein the feedback is generated and provided
`with respect to each of the categories. Examples of the
`categories include nutrition, activity level, mind centering,
`sleep, and daily activities. The feedback may be provided in
`graphical form and may be contained in one or more web
`pages generated by the central monitoring unit.
`Alternatively, the feedback may be transmitted to the recipi(cid:173)
`ent in a physical form.
`
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`A system is disclosed for detecting, monitoring and 55
`reporting human physiological information. The system
`includes a sensor device adapted to be placed in contact with
`an individual's upper arm. The sensor device includes at
`least one of an accelerometer, a GSR sensor and a heat flux
`sensor and is adapted to generate data indicative of at least 60
`one of activity, galvanic skin response, and heat flow of the
`individual wearing the sensor device. The sensor device may
`also be adapted to generate derived data from at least a
`portion of the data indicative of at least one of activity,
`galvanic skin response and heat flow. The sensor device may 65
`include a computer housing and a flexible wing body having
`first and second wings adapted to wrap around a portion of
`
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`Further features and advantages of the present invention
`will be apparent upon consideration of the following
`detailed description of the present invention, taken in con(cid:173)
`junction with the following drawings, in which like refer(cid:173)
`ence characters refer to like parts, and in which:
`
`Page 20 of 37
`
`

`
`US 6,605,038 Bl
`
`4
`adapted to be placed in proximity with at least a portion of
`the human body. Sensor device 10 is preferably worn by an
`individual user on his or her body, for example as part of a
`garment such as a form fitting shirt, or as part of an arm band
`5 or the like. Sensor device 10, includes one or more sensors,
`which are adapted to generate signals in response to physi(cid:173)
`ological characteristics of an individual, and a microproces(cid:173)
`sor. Proximity as used herein means that the sensors of
`10 sensor device 10 are separated from the individual's body by
`a material or the like, or a distance such that the capabilities
`of the sensors are not impeded.
`
`Sensor device 10 generates data indicative of various
`physiological parameters of an individual, such as the indi(cid:173)
`vidual's heart rate, pulse rate, beat-to-beat heart variability,
`EKG or ECG, respiration rate, skin temperature, core body
`temperature, heat flow off the body, galvanic skin response
`or GSR, EMG, EEG, EOG, blood pressure, body fat, hydra-
`tion level, activity level, oxygen consumption, glucose or
`blood sugar level, body position, pressure on muscles or
`bones, and UV radiation exposure and absorption. In certain
`cases, the data indicative of the various physiological
`parameters is the signal or signals themselves generated by
`25 the one or more sensors and in certain it other cases the data
`is calculated by the microprocessor based on the signal or
`signals generated by the one or more sensors. Methods for
`generating data indicative of various physiological param-
`30 eters and sensors to be used therefor are well known. Table
`1 provides several examples of such well known methods
`and shows the parameter in question, the method used, the
`sensor device used, and the signal that is generated. Table 1
`also provides an indication as to whether further processing
`35 is based on the generated signal is required to generate the
`data.
`
`TABLE 1
`
`Parameter
`
`Method
`
`Sensor
`
`Signal
`
`Further
`Pro-
`cessing
`
`40
`
`3
`FIG. 1 is a diagram of an embodiment of a system for
`monitoring physiological data and lifestyle over an elec(cid:173)
`tronic network according to the present invention;
`FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the sensor
`device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the central
`monitoring unit shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram of an alternate embodiment of
`the central monitoring unit shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 5 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the Health Manager web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 6 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the nutrition web page according to an aspect of the present 15
`invention;
`FIG. 7 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the activity level web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 8 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of 20
`the mind centering web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 9 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the sleep web page according to an aspect of the present
`invention;
`FIG. 10 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the daily activities web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 11 is a representation of a preferred embodiment of
`the Health Index web page according to an aspect of the
`present invention;
`FIG. 12 is a front view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 13 is a back view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 14 is a side view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 15 is a bottom view of a specific embodiment of the
`sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIGS. 16 and 17 are front perspective views of a specific
`embodiment of the sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG. 18 is an exploded side perspective view of a specific
`embodiment of the sensor device shown in FIG. 1;
`FIG.19 is a side view of the sensor device shown in FIGS.
`12 through 18 inserted into a battery recharger unit; and
`FIG. 20 is a block diagram illustrating all of the compo(cid:173)
`nents either mounted on or coupled to the printed circuit
`board forming a part of the sensor device shown in FIGS. 12
`through 18.
`
`Heart Rate
`Pulse Rate
`
`EKG
`BVP
`
`45 Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate
`Variability
`EKG
`
`Skin Surface
`Potentials
`Respiration Chest Volume
`Rate
`Change
`50 Skin
`Surface
`Temperature Temperature
`Probe
`Esophageal or Thermistors
`Core
`Temperature Rectal Probe
`Heat Flow
`Heat Flux
`Skin
`55 Galvanic
`Skin
`Conductance
`Response
`EMG
`
`DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED
`EMBODIMENTS
`
`In general, according to the present invention, data relat(cid:173)
`ing to the physiological state, the lifestyle and certain
`contextual parameters of an individual is collected and
`transmitted, either subsequently or in real-time, to a site,
`preferably remote from the individual, where it is stored for
`later manipulation and presentation to a recipient, preferably
`over an electronic network such as the Internet. Contextual
`parameters as used herein means parameters relating to the
`environment, surroundings and location of the individual,
`including, but not limited to, air quality, sound quality,
`ambient temperature, global positioning and the like. Refer(cid:173)
`ring to FIG. 1, located at user location 5 is sensor device 10
`
`3 Electrodes
`
`EEG
`
`60
`
`EOG
`
`Blood
`Pressure
`
`65 Body Fat
`
`Non-Invasive
`Korotkuff
`Sounds
`Body
`Impedance
`
`Skin Surface
`Potentials
`Skin Surface Multiple
`Potentials
`Electrodes
`Eye Movement Thin Film
`Piezoelectric
`Sensors
`Electronic
`Sphygromaro-
`meter
`2 Active
`Electrodes
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`2 Electrodes
`LED Emitter and Change in
`Yes
`Optical Sensor
`Resistance
`2 Electrodes
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`3-10 Electrodes DC Voltage No
`
`Strain Gauge
`
`Thermistors
`
`Thermopile
`2 Electrodes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`Change in
`Resistance
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change in
`No
`Resistance
`
`DC Voltage No
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`
`Change in
`Resistance
`
`Change in
`Impedance
`
`Yes
`
`Yes
`
`Page 21 of 37
`
`

`
`us 6,605,038 Bl
`
`5
`
`6
`
`TABLE 1-continued
`
`TABLE 2-continued
`
`Parameter
`
`Method
`
`Sensor
`
`Signal
`
`Further
`Pro-
`cessing
`
`Activity
`in Inter-
`preted G
`Shocks per
`Minute
`Oxygen
`Consumption
`Glucose
`Level
`Body Posi-
`tion (e.g.
`supine, erect,
`sitting)
`Muscle
`Pressure
`
`uv
`Radiation
`Absorption
`
`Body
`Movement
`
`Accelerometer
`
`DC Voltage, Yes
`Capacitance
`Changes
`
`Non-Invasive
`
`Oxygen Uptake Electro-
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change
`chemical
`Electro-
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change
`chemical
`Mercury Switch DC Voltage Yes
`Array
`Change
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`N/A
`
`Thin Film
`Piezoelectric
`Sensors
`UV Sensitive
`Photo Cells
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change
`
`DC Voltage Yes
`Change
`
`Derived Information
`
`Data Used
`
`EKG, heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate, heat
`flow, blood pressure, activity, oxygen
`consumption
`Heart rate, pulse rate, heat flow, oxygen con(cid:173)
`sumption
`
`Heart rate, pulse rate, heat flow, oxygen
`consumption
`
`Heart rate, pulse rate, heat flow, oxygen
`consumption
`
`5
`
`Maximum oxygen
`consumption rate
`
`Rise time or the
`time it takes to rise
`from a resting rate
`to 85% of a target
`maximum
`Time in zone or the
`time heart rate was
`above 85% of a
`target maximum
`Recovery time or the
`time it takes heart
`rate to return to a
`resting rate after
`heart rate was
`above 85%
`of a target
`maximum
`
`10
`
`15
`
`20
`
`The types of data listed in Table 1 are intended to be
`examples of the types of data that can be generated by sensor
`device 10. It is to be understood that other types of data
`relating to other parameters can be generated by sensor
`device 10 without departing from the scope of the present
`invention.
`
`The microprocessor of sensor device 10 may be pro(cid:173)
`grammed to summarize and analyze the data. For example,
`the microprocessor can be programmed to calculate an
`average, minimum or maximum heart rate or respiration rate
`over a defined period of time, such as ten minutes. Sensor
`device 10 may be able to derive information relating to an
`individual's physiological state based on the data indicative
`of one or more physiological parameters. The microproces(cid:173)
`sor of sensor device 10 is programmed to derive such
`information using known methods based on the data indica(cid:173)
`tive of one or more physiological parameters. Table 2
`provides examples of the type of information that can be
`derived, and indicates some of the types of data that can be
`used therefor.
`
`TABLE 2
`
`Derived Information
`
`Data Used
`
`Ovulation
`
`Sleep onset/wake
`
`Calories burned
`
`Basal metabolic rate
`
`Basal temperature
`Activity level
`
`Stress level
`
`Relaxation level
`
`Skin temperature, core temperature, oxygen
`consumption
`Beat-to-beat variability, heart rate, pulse rate,
`respiration rate, skin temperature, core tempera(cid:173)
`ture, heat flow, galvanic skin response, EMG,
`EEG, EOG, blood pressure, oxygen consumption
`Heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`Heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`Skin temperature, core temperature
`Heart rate, pulse rate, respiration rate, heat flow,
`activity, oxygen consumption
`EKG, beat-to-beat variability, heart rate, pulse
`rate, respiration rate, skin temperature, heat flow,
`galvanic skin response, EMG, EEG, blood
`pressure, activity, oxygen consumption
`EKG, beat-to-beat variability, heart rate, pulse
`rate, respiration rate, skin temperature, heat flow,
`galvanic skin response, EMG, EEG, blood
`pressure, activity, oxygen consumption
`
`40
`
`