DOJ EX. 1026
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`1/7
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`DOJ EX. 1026
`
`

`
`IEEE Std 100-1992 t
`
`.
`
`'“
`
`The New IEEE Standard Dictionary
`of Electrical andiE1ectronics Terms
`[Including Abstracts of All Curifent IEEE Standards]
`
`Fifth Edition
`
`Gediminas VP, Kurpis, Chair
`
`Christopher J. Booth, Editor
`
`2/7
`
`DOJ EX. 1026
`
`

`
`The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`345 East 47th Street, New York, NY l0O17—2394, USA
`
`Copyright © 1993 by the
`Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
`All rights reserved. Published 1993
`Printed in the United States of America
`
`ISBN L55937-240—0
`
`No part ofthis publication may be reproduced in any form,
`in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise,
`without the prior written permission ofthe publisher.
`
`January 15. 1993
`
`SH15594
`
`3/7
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`DOJ EX. 1026
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`

`
`digital
`
`digitally controlled function generator
`
`setting of automatic direct control system cros-
`spoints.
`312-l977w
`
`(1). Pertaining to data in the form of
`digital
`digits. See: analog.
`162-1963
`(2) (mathematics of computing). Pertaining
`to quantities in‘ the form of discrete, integral
`values. Contrast with: analog.
`610.1
`
`digital bit rate. The number of bits per unit of
`time.
`1007-1991
`
`digital cocfflcient attenuator (1) (DOA) (hybrid
`computer linkage components). Essentially
`the same as a digital-to-analog multiplier
`(DAM). This
`term is generally reserved for
`those components that are used as the high
`speed hybrid replacement
`for manual and
`servo potentiometers. Syn: digital potentiom-
`eter.
`166-1977
`(2) (analog computer). See: hybrid computer
`linkage components.
`165-1977
`digital coefficient potentiometer. See: digital
`coefficient potentiometerhybrid computer
`linkage component.
`165-1977
`digital computer (1) (information processing).
`A computer that operates on discrete data by
`performing arithmetic and logic processes on
`these data. Contrasts with analog computer.
`[20]. [85]
`and diagnostic
`(test, measurement,
`(2)
`equipment). A computer in which discrete
`quantities are represented in digital form and
`which generally is made to solve mathematical
`problems by iterative use of the fundamental
`processes of addition, subtraction, multiplica-
`tion. and division.
`[2]
`
`digital controller [data processing). A control-
`ler that accepts an input scquencc of numbers
`and processes them to produce an output
`sequence of numbers.
`[52]
`
`(power
`(code translator)
`digital converter
`switchgear). A device, or group of devices. that
`converts an input numerical signal or code of
`one type into an output numerical signal or
`code of another type.
`C37.100-1981
`
`digital data (data transmission). Pertaining to
`data in the form of digits or interval quantities.
`Contrast with analog data.
`599- l985w
`digital data circuit. Any circuit that transfers
`data i.n a digitally encoded form which is
`essential for the proper operation of the relay
`System.
`C37.90.l-1989
`
`dlfiitfll device (control equipment). A device
`that operates on the basis of discrete numeri-
`cal techniques in which the variables are rep-
`resented by coded pulses or states. 94-l970w
`[2] (radio-noise emissions). An information
`fechnologi equipment (ITE) that falls into the
`Class of unintentional radiators that uses digi-
`tal techniques and generates and uses timing
`Signals or pulses at a rate in excess of 9000
`pulses per second.
`C63.4-1991
`
`[analog
`(DDA)
`digital differential analyzer
`computers). A special-purpose digital com-
`puter consistlng of many computing elements.
`all operating in parallel, that performs integra-
`tion by means of a suitable integration code on
`incremental quantities and that can be pro-
`grammed for the solution of differential equa-
`tions
`in a manner
`similar
`to an analog
`computer.
`165-1977
`
`digital image. An image that has been converted
`into an array of pixels. each of which has an
`associated value called its gray level. Note: A
`digital image may be referred to as an image
`when the intended meaning is clear from the
`context. Syn: digitized image. See also:
`digitization.
`610.4—l99O
`
`digital line link [digital line path). A digital link
`that comprises a digital
`line section or a
`number
`of
`tandem-connected digital
`line
`sections.
`1007-1991
`
`line section. A digital section imple-
`digital
`mented on a single type of manufactured
`transmission medium.
`such as
`symmetric
`cable pair, coaxial, or fiber.
`1007-1991
`
`digital link. The method of digital transmission
`of a digital signal of specified rate between two
`digital distribution frames
`(or equivalent).
`Notes: (1) a digital link comprises one or more
`digital sections and may include multiplexing
`or clemultiplexing, with the rule that the digital
`signal exiting the link must not differ
`in
`information content from the signal entering
`the link.
`(2) The term may be qualified to
`indicate the transmission medium used.
`for
`example, “digital satellite link." (3) 'l‘he term
`always applies to the combination of “forward"
`and “return“ directions of transmission, unless
`stated othe1'wise.(4) The term digital path is
`sometimes used to describe one or more digital
`links connected in tandem. especially between
`equipment at which the signals of the specified
`rate originate and terminate.
`1007-1991
`
`digital logic elements (analog computers). In
`an analog computer, a number of digital func-
`tional modules, consisting of logic gates. regis-
`ters. ilip—ilops, timers, etcetera, all operating in
`parallel. either synchronously or asynchro-
`nously. and whose inputs and outputs are
`interconnected. according to a “logic program."
`via patch cards, on a patch board.
`165- 1977
`
`digitally controlled function generator (analog
`computers). A hybrid component using DAC's
`and DAM's
`to insert
`the
`linear
`segment
`approximation values to the desired arbitrary
`function. The values are stored in a self-
`contained digital
`core memory, which is
`accessed by the DAC's and DAM‘s at digital-
`computer speeds (microseconds).
`165-1977
`
`4/7
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`DOJ EX. 1026
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`

`
`logical operator
`
`logic level
`
`from one storage element
`action of a pulse.
`
`to another by the
`194-1977
`
`that represents a
`logical operator. A symbol
`logical operation to be performed on the
`associated operands. Syn:
`logic operator;
`logical connective.
`610.1
`logical parent segment.
`(A) In a hierarchical
`database,
`a parent
`segment
`in a logical
`database. See also: physical parent segment.
`(B) A segment that is pointed to by a logical
`child segment. establishing a parent/ child
`relationship
`between
`the
`logical
`parent
`segment and some physical segment. Note: A
`logical parent segment may also be a physical
`parent segment.
`610.5-1990
`logical product. The result obtained from the
`AND operation. Syn: logic product.
`610.1
`
`logical record (software). A record independent
`of its physical environment. Note: Portions of
`the same logical
`record may be located in
`different physical records. and several logical
`records or parts of logical records may be
`located in one physical record.
`610.5—1990
`logical schema. A schema that defines a data
`model.
`610.5-1990
`
`logical
`a
`in
`segment. A segment
`logical
`logical
`database. See also:
`logical child;
`parent: logical twin.
`610.5-1990
`
`logical shift (mathematics of computing]. A
`shift that affects all positions in a register,
`word. or numeral. including the sign position.
`For example, +23l.702 shifted two places to
`the left becomes 213170.200. Note: A logical
`shift may be applied to the multiple-precision
`representation of a number. Syn: logic shift;
`nonarithmetic
`shift.
`Contrast
`with:
`arithmetic shift.
`610.1
`logical structure. See: data structure.
`6105-1990
`
`logical sum. The result obtained from the OR
`operation. Syn: logic sum.
`610.1
`
`610.1
`l°Eical symbol. See: logic symbol.
`hglcal trace. An execution trace that records
`only branch or jump instructions. See also:
`execution
`trace;
`retrospective
`trace;
`subroutine trace; symbolic trace; variable
`trace.
`61012-1990
`
`Contrast with: character type; enumeration
`type; integer type: real type.
`610.12-1990
`logical variable. See: switching variable. 610.1
`logical view. See: external schema;
`logical
`database.
`610.5-1990
`
`logic board (power-system communication].
`An assembly of decision-making circuits on a
`printed—circuit mounting board. See: digital.
`599—1985w
`logic comparison. See: logical comparison.610. l
`
`logic decision. See: logical comparison. 610.1
`logic design (electronic computation). (A) The
`planning of a computer or data-processing
`system prior to its detailed engineering design.
`(B) The synthesizing of a network of logic
`elements to perform a specified function.
`(C)
`The result of (A) and (B) above.
`frequently
`called the logic of the system, machine. or
`network.
`162-1963
`
`logic diagram [1] (digital computers). A dia-
`gram representing the logic elements and their
`interconnections without necessarily express-
`ing construction or engineering details.
`182-1968. [2]
`(2) (graphic symbols for logic diagrams). A
`diagram that depicts
`the two-state device
`implementation of logic functions with logic
`symbols and supplementary notations, show-
`ing details of signal flow and control, but not
`necessarily the point-to—point wiring. 91-1978
`(3) (mathematics of computing). A graphical
`representation. of a systems logic elements and
`their interconnections. Syn: logical diagram.610.1
`logic difference. See: logical difference. 610.1
`logic element (electronic digital computers). A
`combinatlonal logic element or sequential logic
`element.
`162-1963
`1007- 1991
`
`logic errors. See: error. logical.
`logic function (1) (graphic symbols for logic
`functions). A definition of the relationships
`that holdvamong a set of input and output logic
`variables.
`»
`91-1984
`(2)
`[mathematics
`computing).* See:
`switching function.
`610.1
`*Deprecated.
`
`of
`
`for
`(subroutines
`(1)
`truth value
`1031031
`1 represents a logical
`CAMACL The symbol
`truth value which can be either true or false.
`'
`758-1979
`
`logic instruction (computing systems]. An.
`instruction that executes an operation that is
`defined in symbolic logic. such as AND. OR,
`NOR.
`[85]
`
`in a
`“E1081 twin segment. A twin segment
`1°E1cal database. Contrast with: physical twin
`iwgment.
`610.5-1990
`1°El°Bl type. A data type whose members can
`gssume only logical values (usually TRUE and
`ALSE) and can be operated on only by logical
`°1’°1'at0rS.
`such as AND, OR,
`and NOT.
`
`logic level (graphic symbols for logic func-
`tions). Any level within one or two overlapping
`ranges of values of a physical quantity used to
`represent the logic states. Note: A logic variable
`may be equated to any physical quantity for
`which two distinct ranges of values can be
`defined.
`In IEEE Std 91-1984.
`these distinct
`ranges of values are referred to as logic levels
`
`5/7
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`DOJ EX. 1026
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`

`
`mode transformer
`
`modulation
`
`wave from one mode of propagation to another.
`14'/~1979
`
`mode transformer. See: mode transducer.
`
`mode voltage. See: glow voltage.
`mode volume [fiber optics). The number of
`bound modes that an optical waveguide is
`capable of supporting; for V5, approximately
`given by V2/2 and [Va/2[g/(g + 2)),
`respec-
`tively,
`for step index and power—law profile
`waveguides. where g is the profile parameter,
`and V is normalized frequency. See: effective
`mode
`volume: mode;
`normalized
`fre-
`quency; power~19.w index profile; step index
`profile; V number.
`812-1984
`modification (software). (A) A change made to
`software. (B) The process of changing software.
`See: software.
`729- 1983
`
`transient recovery voltage
`modified circuit
`(power
`switchgear). The circuit
`transient
`recovery voltage modified in accordance with
`the normal-frequency recovery voltage and the
`assymetry of the current wave obtained on a
`particular
`interruption. Note: This voltage
`indicates
`the
`severity
`of
`the
`particular
`interruption with respect to rccovery—voltagc
`phenomena.
`C37. 100-1 981
`modified impedance relay (power switchgear).
`An impedance form of distance relay for which
`the operating characteristic of the distance
`unit on an R—X diagram is a circle having its
`center displaced from the origin. Note: It may
`be described by the equation:
`
`ZZ~2K1Zcos (e— on) = K§—K§
`
`where K1. K2 and on are constants and 6 is the
`phase angle by which the input Voltage leads
`the input current.
`C87.100-1981
`modified
`index of
`refraction [radiwwave
`propagation). In the troposphere, the sum of
`the refractive index at a given height h above
`the mean local surface and the ratio of this
`height to the geometrical mean radius of the
`Earth.
`211-1990
`
`modified inherent transient recovery voltage
`(transient recovery voltage) (power switch-
`gear). The TRV (transient recovery voltage) that
`results from the interaction of a circuit (that
`produces the inherent transient recovery volt-
`age) and the impedance (capacitors. resistors.
`etc.) of an interrupting device without the mod
`ifying effects of an arc and its voltage. Modify-
`ing impedances. such as capacitors and resis-
`tors. are sometimes included as part of a
`switching device to modify the TRV.
`C37.04E~1985w. C87.4D—l985W.
`C37.1OOB-1986w
`
`(A) To change the contents of a data-
`modify.
`(B) To change the logical structure of a
`base.
`database. See also: alter.
`610.5-1990
`
`modular (software). Composed of discrete pa;-tS_
`See also: modular decomposition: rnoduja,
`programming.
`610.12—1990
`modular constraint. See: grid constraint.
`6 10 . 6~ 199 1
`modular decomposition (software). The pro.
`cess of breaking a system into components to
`facilitate design and development; an element
`of modular programming. Syn: modulariza.
`tion. See also: cohesion; coupling; demodu.
`larizatlon; factoring: functional decomposi.
`tion; hierarchical decomposition; pflCkag.
`ing.
`610.12-1990
`modular programming (software). A software
`development technique in which software is
`developed as a collection of modules. See also,-
`data
`structure-centered
`design;
`input.
`process-output; modular
`decomposition;
`object-oriented design;
`rapid prototyping;
`stepwise refinement;
`structured design;
`transaction analysis; transform analysis.
`6l0.12~1990
`
`modularity (software). The degree to which a
`system or computer program is composed of
`discrete components such that a change to one
`component has .minimal
`impact on other
`components. See also: cohesion; coupling.
`6lO.12—l990_ §
`modulnrization. See: modular decomposition.-
`6 1 0. 1 2- 1990
`
`modulated 12.51‘ pulse (MOD 12.51") (linear
`waveform distortion]. A burst of color subcar-
`rier frequency of nominally 3.58 MHz. The
`envelope of the burst is sin" shaped with a.
`HAD of nominally 1.56 us. The MOD 12.5T
`pulse consists of a luminance and a chromi-
`nance component. The envelope of the fre-
`quency spectrum consists of two parts, namely
`signal energy concentrated in the luminance
`region below 0.6 MHz and in the chrominance.
`region from roughly 3 MHz to 4.2 MHz.
`"
`511-1979
`
`'
`
`ii
`_.......il A
`1))...
`lllllllllll
`
`llli...
`
`Modulated 12.5T Pulse
`
`Envelope of Frequency Spectrum of Modulated l2.5T
`Pulse
`Modulated 12.5T Pulse
`
`(A) (Car
`modulation (1) (data transmission).
`rier). (i) The process by which some characterf :
`
`6/7
`
`DOJ EX. 1026
`
`

`
`modulation contrast
`
`module accelerated aging
`
`istic of a carrier is varied in accordance with a
`modulating wave.
`(ii) The variation of some
`characteristic of a carrier. (B) (Signal transmis-
`sion system).
`(i) A process whereby certain
`characteristics of a wave, often called the car-
`rier, are varied or selected in accordance with a
`modulating function.
`(ii) The result of such a
`process. See: angle modulation: modulation
`index.
`599-l985w
`(2) (diode-type camera tube]. The ratio of the
`difference between the maximum and mini-
`mum signal currents divided by the sum. To
`avoid ambiguity, the optical input image inten-
`sity shall be assumed to be sinusoidal in the
`direction of scan.
`503~1978w
`(3) (fiber optics). A controlled variation with
`time of any property of a wave for the purpose
`of transferring information.
`812-1984
`[4] (overhead-power~line corona and radio
`noise). The process by which some character-
`istic of a carrier is varied in accordance with a
`modulating signal.
`539- 1990
`(5)
`(broadband local area networks). The
`method whereby information is superimposed
`onto a RF‘ carrier to transport signals through
`a communications channel.
`802.7-1989
`
`modulation contrast (Cm) [diode~type camera
`tube). The ratio of the difference between the
`peak and the minimum values of irradiance to
`the sum of the peak and the minimum value of
`irradiance of an image or specified portion of
`an image. equation
`503-1978w
`
`modulation index (angle modulation with a
`sinusoidal modulating
`function)
`(data
`transmission]. The ratio of
`the frequency
`deviation of
`the modulated wave
`to
`the
`frequency of the modulating function. Note:
`The modulation index is numerically equal to
`the phase deviation expressed in radians.
`599—l985W
`
`modulation threshold (illuminating engineer-
`ing]. In the case of a square wave or sine wave
`grating. manipulation of luminance differences
`can be specified in terms of modulation and
`the threshold may be called the modulation
`threshold.
`
`modulation = l
`max + Lmin
`Periodic patterns that are not sine wave can be
`Specified in terms of the modulation of the fun-
`damental sine wave component. The number of
`Periods or cycles per degree of visual angle rep-
`resents the spatial frequency.
`[126]
`
`modulation transfer function (MTF) or R°[N].
`[diode-type camera tube). R0(N), the modulus
`of the optical transfer function (OTF). is synon-
`ym01lS with the sine amplitude response. That
`15» the response of the imaging sensor to sine-
`Wave images. When the modulation transfer
`functions or MTP‘s of a linear sensor's compo-
`nents are known. the overall system MTF can
`
`be found by multiplying the individual compo-
`nent MTFS together.
`503-1978w
`module
`(1)
`(FASTBUS module)
`(FASTBUS
`acquisition and control]. Any FASTBUS
`device that can be housed in a FASTBUS crate,
`that can connect to a crate segment and that
`conforms with the mandatory specifications in
`IEEE Std 960-1986 for a FASTBUS module.
`960-1986
`(2) (accident monitoring instrumentation).
`Any assembly of interconnected components
`which
`constitutes
`an identifiable
`device.
`instrument, or piece of equipment. A module
`can be removed as a unit. and replaced with a
`spare. It has definable performance character-
`istics which permit it to be tested as a unit. A
`module could be a card, a drawout circuit
`breaker. or other subassembly of a larger
`device. provided it meets the requirements of
`this definition.
`497-1981
`(3) (cable penetration fire stop qualification
`test). An opening in a fire resistive barrier so
`located and spaced from adjacent modules
`(openings) that its respective cable penetration
`fire stop’s performance will not affect the per-
`formance of cable penetration fire stops in any
`adjacent module. A module may take on any
`shape to permit the passage of cables from one
`or any number of raceways.
`581-1978w
`(4) (nuclear power generating station). Any
`assembly of interconnected components that
`constitutes an identifiable device, instrument.
`or piece of equipment. A module can be discon-
`nected, removed as a unit. and replaced with a
`spare. It has definable performance character-
`istics that permit it to be tested as a unit. A
`module could be a card, a drawout circuit
`breaker, or other subassembly of a larger
`device. provided it meets the requirements of
`this definition.
`308-1980, 603-1991, 622B-1988
`(5) (software). (A) A program unit that is dis-
`crete and identifiable with respect to compil-
`ing, combining with other units. and loading:
`for example. the input to, or output from, an
`assembler. compiler, linkage editor. or execu-
`tive routine. (B) A logically separable part of a
`program. Note: The terms‘ “modu1e." “compo-
`nent." and “unit" are often used interchange-
`ably or defined to be sub-elements of one
`another in different ways depending upon the
`context. The relationship of these terms is not
`yet standardized.
`61012-1990
`(6) (STEbus). A plug—in unit consisting of one
`or more boards that contains at least one bus
`interface conforming to IEEE Std 1000-1987.
`which plugs into the backplane.
`1000-1987
`(7)
`[MULTIBUS®). A basic functional unit
`within an agent.
`1296-1987
`®MUL'l‘lBUS is a registered trademark oflntel Corporation.
`(8) (NuBus®). See: board (5).
`1196-1987
`®NuBus is a registered trademark of Texas instruments. lnc.
`
`accelerated aging (advanced life
`module
`conditioning)
`(nuclear power generating
`
`7/7
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`DOJ EX. 1026