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`Grunenthal GmbH Exhibit 2029
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`Rosellini V. Grunenthal GmbH
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`IPR2016-00471
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`Grunenthal GmbH Exhibit 2029
`Rosellini v. Grunenthal GmbH
`IPR2016-00471
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`MORE Dli'lAlLED CONSIDER/\'flONS ON ‘l5lNGERl‘RINTING’
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`4i
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`known material is not easily identified by visual comparison; (ii) the main
`features of the powder XRD patterns resemble each other significantly,
`but with some small differences.
`In case (ii), visual comparison tends to focus on the main features of
`resemblance between the patterns, and the small differences are often
`overlooked. However, small differences between powder XRD patterns
`can represent real and significant structural differences. Thus, if the dif-
`ferences are ignored, there is the risk that two materials that have gen-
`uinely different structures will be wrongly assigned as the same. in such
`cases, the two structures may indeed share some structural features in
`common, but it is nevertheless crucial to establish the reasons for the
`small differences between their powder XRD patterns. Relevant issues in
`this regard include su_perstructures, subtle differences of symmetry, differ-
`ences in the occupancy of a component Within the structure (e.g. a solvent
`molecule) and differing degrees of disorder. An illustrative e.\'amplel147l
`is shown in Figure 1.11.
`With regard to Visual comparison, it is important to emphasise that the
`appearance of an experimental powder XRD pattern can be influenced
`by several factors that are not related to the actual crystal structure of the
`material, but which originate instead from features of the ii1struinenta—
`tion and/or the mode of data collection, as well as from features relating
`to the microstructural characteristics of the powder sample itself (eg. the
`size, shape and orientational distribution of the crystallites in the pow
`der). Thus, as in case (i) above, powder XRD patterns recorded for two
`samples with the same crystal structure may actually look quite different
`as a result of differences in some of these other factors, which include
`the following:
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`(i) Peale midi/75: As discussed in Section l.6.4, the peak shapes and
`peak widths in a powder XRD pattern depend, it-ztcr tilia, on the
`crystallinity of the sample, and significant peak broadening"; can
`arise when the crystalline domain size is small. l"urtherinore, peak
`shapes and peak widths depend on features of the instrumentation
`and the data-collection procedure. If the powder XRD patterns of
`two samples with the same crystal structure have significantly dif»
`ferent peak widths, the visual appearance may differ substantially,
`especially in regions of the pattern i_n which there is significant
`peak overlap.
`Pet:/2 i/2Ie71s1'i‘.ies: if the powder sample exhibits 'pri:ferrt-d orienta--
`tion‘ (Le. a non—r:1ndom distribution of orientations of the crystal-
`lites within a powder; see Section 1.6.2), the relative intensities of
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