United States Patent
`
`Shannon, Sr.
`
`
`[19]
`
`[54]
`
`
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`SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`
`
`
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`COMPUTERIZED EVALUATION OF
`
`
`GENISTONES
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`
`[75]
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`*
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`_
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`J Netlcei
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`l
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`Inventor: Paul T. Shannon, SI}, Macon, Ga.
`l
`_
`_
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`[73] A551gnee3 Dmmond Technologless Inc‘) M3003:
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`Ga~
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`_
`_
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`Thls patent Issued on a Cemmued pres"
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`ecution application filed under 37 CFR
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`
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`
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`1‘53(d)’ and is Subject to the twenty year
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`
`
`
`
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`term provisions of 35 U.S.C.
`patent
`
`154(a)(2)‘
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`[21] APPL Ne‘: 08/7823889
`Filed:
`Jan. 10, 1997
`[22]
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`[51]
`Int. CL6 ...................................................... .. B44B 5/00
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`[52] U.S. Cl.
`.............................. .. 702/35; 364/507; 356/30
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`[58] Field of Search ................................... .. 364/525, 507;
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`356/30, 31, 303, 306, 317, 318, 128, 148,
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`237; 702/35
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`[56]
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`3,947,120
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`
`
`References Cited
`U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
`
`
`3/1976 Bar—Issac et al.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`....................... .. 356/30
`
`
`
`
`
`
`OTHER PUBLICATIONS
`“Code V®’=> product Brochure, Optical Research ASSOCi_
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ales, pasadenai California ©1993.
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`
`Leworslryi K.’ <<Tnree_DirnenSi0nal Modeling prngrarn
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`
`Simplifies Optomechanical Design,” reprint from Laser
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`
`
`
`Focus World, pennwell publishing Company’ Mar. 1995.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Hayfor-d) M_ er al_, «A Building_BlOCk Approach to Opti_
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`
`Cal_De/Sign Software,” reprint from phamm-CS SpeCr,,a®,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Lanrin publishing CO, Inc.’ May 1996
`
`
`
`
`
`Abernathy, M., “Noii—Sequential Raytraciiig: Enlightened
`Software for Illumination Engineering,” Optics and Photo-
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`nics News, Nov. 1996, pp. 22-26.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`US005966673A
`
`
`
`[11] Patent Number:
`
`
`
`
`
`
`[45] Date of Patent:
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`*0ct. 12, 1999
`
`“Illumination Design With LightTools,” Product Brochure,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Optical Research Associates, Pasadena, California, Dec.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1996.
`
`Gilbertsoii, A. et al., “What Tolkowsky Really Said,” Rapu-
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`
`
`
`
`
`
`port Diamond Report, Jan. 10, 1997, pp. 35 and 37.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“ASAP 5.0 for Windows,” Promotional Circular, Breault
`
`
`
`
`
`Research Organization, Tucson, Arizona, ©1996.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“GLAD—General Laser Analysis and Design Software,”
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Product Brochure, Focus Software, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.
`“I/ensVlEWTM,” Promotional Circular, Focus Software,
`
`
`
`
`
`lne_ Tucson Arizona
`
`
`
`“Light Tools ” Product Brochure Optical Research Associ-
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ates’ Pasadena, California.
`
`
`
`“OPTICAD®,” Product Brochure, Focus Software, Inc.,
`
`
`
`
`
`Tucson, Arizona.
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`“OSLO Version 5,” Promotional Circular, Sinclair Optics,
`
`
`
`Fairporta New York
`.
`“ZEMAX Optical Design Program,” Product Brochure,
`
`
`
`
`
`Focus Software) Inc“ Tucson, Arizona_
`
`
`
`
`
`“ZEMAX Optical Design Software,” Promotional Circular,
`
`
`
`
`
`Focus Software, Inc., Tucson, Arizona.
`
`
`
`
`
`.
`.
`
`
`
`.
`Primary Exammer—Thomas Peeso
`Attorney, Agent, or Fzrm—Sterne, Kessler, Goldstein & Fox
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
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`
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`
`
`P~L~L~C~
`
`[57]
`
`ABSTRACT
`
`
`
`Asystem and method for computerized grading of the cut of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`a gemstone. The system includes a gemstone model and an
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`illumination model. The gemstone model defines the cut of
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`the gemstone in three dimensions with reference to the
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`facets of the gemstone. The illumination model defines light
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`pI‘O_]€CICd onto the gemstone. The method .1I1Cl1l(lCS the steps
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`of determmmgla beam Of llght refracted mt0 the gemstone
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`from the illumination model for at least. one of the facets,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`tracing reflections of the beam of light within the gemstone,
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`and measuring at least one light beam refracted out oflthe
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`gemstone model. The measurements of the refracted light
`
`
`
`
`
`are used to eVa1uate the gemstone
`
`74 Claims, 56 Drawing Sheets
`
`
`
`
`
`
`704
`
`203
`
`ma GEMSTONE TO
`BUILD DATA MODEL I
`BE EVALUATED
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`lLLUMlNATF §TONE
`lLLUM|\lATlON
`WIT‘-J AN f
`MODEL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`212
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`‘RACE THE
`LIGHT WITHIN THE
`
`
`. PROPAGATION or I
`STONE AND EXITING
`THE STONE
`
`
`
`
`
`EXVTING THE
`GEMSTONE
`DETERMNE LIGHI /‘ 216
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BASED ON UGHT
`EXITING THE STONE
`GRADE GEMSTONE f 22°
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 1 of 95
`
`GIA EXHIBIT 1011
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 1 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
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`
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`
`
`FIG. 1
`
`Page 2 of 95
`
`
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 2 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`204
`
`BUILD DATA MODEL
`
`
`
`FOR GEMSTONE TO
`
`
`BE EVALUATED
`
`
`
`
`
`ILLUMINATE STONE
`
`
`WITH AN
`ILLUMINATION
`MODEL
`
`
`
`
`208
`
`
`
`TRACE THE
`
`
`
`212
`
`PROPAGATION OF
`LIGHT WITHIN THE
`
`
`
`STONE AND EXITING
`
`
`
`THE STONE
`
`
`
`216
`
`
`
`
`DETERMINE LIGHT
`EXITING THE
`
`GEMSTONE
`
`
`
`220
`GRADE GEMSTONE
`
`
`BASED ON LIGHT
`
`
`EXITING THE STONE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 2
`
`
`
`Page 3 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 3 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`304
`
`BUILD DATA / -
`
`
`STRUCTURE
`
`
`308
`
`
`
`CREATE MAP OF
`STONE
`
`
`CONSTRUCT
`CAMERA MODEL
`
`
`312
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`316
`CREATE ZONE MAP
`
`
`
`FOR EACH CAMERA f
`
`320
`
`
`
`DEFINE OPTICAL
`
`
`PROPERTIES OF
`
`GEMSTONE J
`
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`
`
`
`DISPERSION
`INDICES
`
`
`324
`
`
`FIG. 3(a)
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 4 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`
`Sheet 4 of 56
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`
`
`ILLUMINATION
`MODEL
`
`
`304
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ILLUMINATE STONE
`USING
`
`ILLUMINATION
`MODEL
`
`
`
`
`308
`
`
`
`MODEL
`
`
`PROPAGATION OF
`
`
`LIGHT THROUGH
`
`
`THE GEMSTONE
`MODEL
`
`
`
`
`EVALUATE THE
`LIGHT OUTPUT
`
`
`
`
`FROM THE MODEL
`
`
`
`
`
`GRADE THE STONE
`BASED ON THE
`
`
`LIGHT OUTPUT
`
`
`
`
`
`336
`
`
`
`340
`
`
`
`344
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 3(b)
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 5 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 5 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GEMSTONE
`MODEL
`
`
`
`£4
`
`
`
`CAMERAMODEL
`
`flfi
`
`
`ILLUMINATION
`MODEL
`
`
`
`Q
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GRADER
`
`
`
`E
`
`O O
`
`'45»
`
`
`FIG. 4
`
`
`
`Page 6 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 6 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`502
`
`
`
`
`
`NEXT FACET
`
`
`
`504
`
`
`
`
`EXTRACT FACET
`
`VERTICES
`
`
`505
`
`
`EXTRACT FACET
`
`TYPE
`
`
`508
`
`
`
`
`EXTRACT FACET
`LAYER
`
`
`
`51°
`
`
`
`COMPUTER FACET
`512
`
`
`
`
`
`DOMAIN
`
`514
`
`
`
`COMPUTER
`
`NORMAL VECTOR
`
`
`FOR FACET PLANE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`516
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE FACET
`
`LOCAL
`
`COORDINATE
`SYSTEM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`520
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 5
`
`
`
`Page 7 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`Sheet 7 of 56
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`602
`
`
`
`
`
`START
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`N EXT FAC ET
`
`
`
`
`604
`
`
`
`606
`
`
`
` FACET IN
`
`
`
`
`
`CROWN?
`
`YES
`
`
`CREATE ZONE
`
`608
`
`
`
`LINK ZONE TO
`610
`
`
`
`FACET
`
`
`
`
`512
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`END
`
`614
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 6
`
`
`
`Page 8 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 8 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`
`
`START
`
`
`
`702
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CREATE CAMERA
`
`ARRAY
`
`
`
`
`
`
` 704
` DEFINE LOCAL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BUILD CAMERA-
`
`
`SPECIFIC COPY OF
`
`
`
`
`MASTER ZONE
`
`
`
`
`
`LIST FOR EACH
`
`CAMERA
`
`708
`
` 710
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 7
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`/ 706
`COORDINATE
`
`
`
`SYSTEM FOR
`
`
`EACH CAMERA
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 9 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 9 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 8
`
`
`
`Page 10 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`Sheet 10 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`902
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`
`904
`
`
`
`
`
`
`WHICH FACETS
`
`
`ARE VISIBLE TO
`
`
`CAMERA
`
`
`
`COMPUTE ZONE
`AREA FOR EACH
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`ZONE AND TOTAL
`
`
`
`ZONE AREA FOR
`CAMERA
`
`
`906
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE
`
`
`
`
`PERCENTAGE OF
`
`
`
`TOTAL ZONE AREA
`
`OCCUPIED BY
`EACH ZONE
`
`
`
`908
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`910
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 9
`
`
`
`Page 11 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`Sheet 11 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`/
`
`at
`
`K 1000
`
`
`FIG. 10
`
`
`
`Page 12 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`Sheet 12 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 11
`
`
`
`Page 13 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`Sheet 13 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`1202
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1204
`
`
`
`
`
`
`GET DISPERSON
`
`CONSTANTS FOR
`
`GEMSTONE
`
`
`MATERIAL
`
`
`
`
`FOR DISPERSION
`
`
`
`
`COMPONENTS
`
`
`
`
`
`1208
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE INDICES
`OF REFRACTION
`FOR EACH
`
`
`
`DISPERSON
`COMPONENT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1210
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 12
`
`
`
`1206
`
`
`
`ASSIGN
`
`
`WAVELENGTHS
`
`
`
`Page 14 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`Sheet 14 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
` 1304
`
`METHOD
`
`START
`
`
`ILLUMINATE
`
`
`MODEL
`
`
`
`1302
`
`
`
`GET FACET SELECTION
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DISPLAY
`GET SCREEN
`
`PICK POINT
`
`
`
`
`GRADE
`
`
`
` ‘ UTOMATIC?
`
`
`
`
`
`GRAD E
`
`
`CAME RA
`
`
`
`DATA
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`1312
`
`1314
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`IS
`
`POINT IN
`
`A FACET?
`
`
`YES
`HIGHLIGHT
`
`SELECTED FACET
`
`
`
`
`1318
`
`
`
`
`DIFF
`LIGHT
`
`
`DIFF/CONICULAR
`
`
`
`
`
`1316
`
`
`E/SF:“'CU‘
`
`
`COMP'aTE FACET
`
`||-LU INATION
`
`VECTORS
`
`
`1330
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1332
`
`
`
`
`1334
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`AND INTERNAL
`
`
`REFRACTIONS TO
`
`
`
`YES
`
`1340
`
`
`FIG. 13(a)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SELECT A
`
`
`
`LIGHT VECTOR
`
`COMPUTE PASS THRU
`
`
`
`
`
`VISIBILITY POINT IN
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FACET PLANE z
`
`1320
`
`
`
`
`LIGHT VECTOR
`
`
`
`TOUCH
`
`FACET?
`
`YES
`1324
`
`REFRACT LIGHT
`
`
`
`
`VECTOR INTO MODEL
`1326
`
`
`IS LAST
`LIGHT
` PROCESS REFLECTIONS
`CAMERAS YES
`IS LAST
`VECTOR?
`
`
`
`LIGHT
`
`
`
`VECTOR?
`
`
`SELECTA LIGHT
`
`
`VECTOR
`
`
`
`
`
`1336
`VECTOR INTO MODEL
`
`
`
`PROCESS REFLECTIONS AND
`
`
`
`INTERNAL REFRACTIONS TO
`
`
`CAMERAS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1338
`
`
`
`
`
`1333
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 15 of 95
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`

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`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`
`
`Sheet 15 of 56
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`AUTOMATIC
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`SELECT A
`
`FACET
`
`
`
`
`S 1360
`
`
`YES
`
`
`1386
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EXIT
`
`ILLUMINATION
`LOOP
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1362
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SELECT A
`LIGHT
`COMPUTE FACET
`
`DIFF / CONICULAR
`ILLUMINATION
`
`
`
`
`
`
`LIGHT VECTOR
`VECTORS
`
`
`COM PUTE PASS THRU
`
`
`
`
`
`VISIBILITY POINT IN
`
`
`
`FACET PLANE
`
`
`
`
`sELECT A LIGHT
`
`VECTOR
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1374
`
`1375
`
`
`
`
`1378
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`REFRACT LIGHT
`
`
`
`
`VECTOR INTO MODEL
`DOES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`LIGHT VECTOR 1380
`TOUCH
`
`
`
`
`FACET’?
` PROCESS REFLECTIONS AND
`
`
`
`INTERNAL REFRACTIONS TO
`
`
`
`CAMERAS
`
`
`
`
`REFRACT LIGHT
`
`
`VECTOR INTO MODEL
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1382 IS LAST
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`PROCESS REFLECTIONS
`
`IS LAST
`AND INTERNAL
`
`
`LIGHT
`REFRACTIONS TO
`
`VECTOR?
`CAMERAS
`
`
`
`
`
`LIGHT
`VECTOR?
`
`
`FIG. 13(b)
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 16 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`Sheet 16 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`1411
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SELECT A BEAM
`
`
`COMPONENT
`
`
`
`
`START
`
`
`
`
`
`1402
`
`
`
`1404
`
`
`
`
`TRANSLATE LIGHT
`
`
`VECTOR TO FACET LOCAL
`
`
`COORDINATE SYSTEM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1406
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE DIRECTION
`
`
`COSINES FOR LIGHT
`
`
`
`
`VECTOR
`
`1412
`
`1414
`
`
`COMPUTE ANGLE OF
`
`
`REFRACTION
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE REFRACTED
`
`
`DIRECTION COSINES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1408
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE ANGLE OF
`
`
`INCIDENCE WITH FACET
`
`
`
`NORMAL
`
`
`ANGLE OF DEVIATION
`
`
`
`COMPUTE REFRACTED
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1410
`
`
`COMPUTE FACET AREA
`
`
`
`
`
`TRANSLATE DIRECTION
`
`
`COSINES TO GLOBAL
`
`
`COORDINATE SYSTEM
`
`
`
`I415
`
`
`1418
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1420
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE BEAM
`
`INTENSITY
`
`COMPONENTS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`IS
`SELECTED
`BEAM
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPUTE BEAM
`
`
`POLARIZATION
`
`
`
`COMPUTE BEAM
`
`AMPLITUDE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`No
`
`IS
`
`LAST
`
`DISPERSION
`
`
`BUFFER
`
` Yes
`
`
`
`DONE
`
`1436
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 14
`
`
`
`1428
`
`COMPUTE DISPI
`
`
`
`BEAM INTENSITY
`
`
`COMPONENTS
`
`1430
`
`COMPUTE DISP.
`
`BEAM
`POLARIZATION
`
`1432
`
`COMPUTE DISP.
`
`
`
`BEAM AMPLITUDE
`
`
`
`Page 17 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`
`Sheet 17 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`
`START L:1502
`1504
`
`
`
`
` 1505
`
`
`
`
` NExT BEAM
`f
` 1508
`
`
`
`
`
`NEXT FACET
`~/T
`
`
`
`
`
`
`(
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`BEAM PARALLEL TO
`
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`PROJECT REFLECTION BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`
`INTO RECEIVING FACET PLANE
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1512
`
`
`
`\/T 1514
`
`
`
`BOUNDING
`
`
`BOX OVERLAP?
`
`
`
`YES
`
`N0
`
`1515
`
`No
`
`
`BEAM
`
`
`
`AMPLITUDE f
`
`< MIN?
`
`
`
`NO
`
`PROJECT REFLECTION ONTO PLANE OF
`
`
`
`
`RECEIVING FACET
`
`
`
`1516
`
`
`
`No
`
`
`NON—ZERO OVERLAP’?
`
`
`
`
`1518
`
`
`
`CREATE REFLECTED LIGHT BEAM
`
`
`
`
`152
`
`0
`
`
`NO
`
`INCIDENT ANGLE <
`
`
`CRITICAL ANGLE?
`
`
`
`NO
`
`1522
`
`YES
`
`
`
`2224
`
`PROPAGATE REFRACTED
`
`LIGHT TO CAMERAS
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`YES
`
`LAST FACET?
`
`
`
`YES
`
`YES
`
`NO
`
`LAST BEAM?
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`LAST BOUNCE?
`
`NO
`
`
`
`END
`
`1525
`
`
`
`1538
`
`
`
`1530
`
`
`
`1532
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 15
`
`
`
`Page 18 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`
`Sheet 18 of 56
`
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`1602
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CREATE X-Y
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`FOR RECEIVING
`
`FACET
`
`1504
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`CREATE X-Y-Z
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`FOR REFLECTION
`
`1505
`
`
`
`
`
`PROJECT
`1608
`
`REFLECTION
`
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`ONTO RECEIVING
`
`
`FACET PLANE
`
`1610
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 16
`
`
`
`Page 19 of 95
`
`

`
`
`U.S. Patent
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 19 of 56
`
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`1702
`
`
`
`
`
`START
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPARE
`
`VERTICES OF
`
`
`PROJECTED
`
`
`
`BOUNDING BOX TO
`
`
`SIDES OF FACET
`
`
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1704
`
`1706
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`COMPARE
`
`VERTICES OF
`
`
`
`FACET BOUNDING
`
`
`
`BOX TO SIDES OF
`
`
`PROJECTED
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1708
`
`
`COMPARE SIDES
`
`
`OF FACET
`
`
`BOUNDING BOX TO
`
`SIDES OF
`PORJECTED
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1710
`
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 17
`
`
`
`Page 20 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 20 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`1802
`
` 1804
`
`
`NEXT VERTEX
`
`/1806
`
`1808
`
`VERTEX
`BETWEEN X
`SIDES?
`
`
`
`VERTEX
`BETWEEN Y
`SIDES?
`
`
`
` INDICATE
`OVERLAP
`
`1812
`
`1814
`
`FIG. 18
`
`
`
`Page 21 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 21 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`1902
`
`1904
`
` FACET X
`
`
`
`
`
`SIDES BETWEEN
`PROJECTION X
`SIDES?
`
`
`
`
` PROJECTION Y
`SIDES BETWEEN
`FACET Y SIDES?
`
`1906
`
`YES
`
` PROJECTION X
`SIDES BETWEEN
`FACET X SIDES?
`
`
`
`
`
`
`1908
`
`INDICATE
`
`
`BOUNDING BOX
`OVERLAP
`
`FACET Y
`SIDES BETWEEN
`PROJECTION Y
`SIDES?
`
`
`
`FIG. 19
`
`
`
`Page 22 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 22 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`FIG. 20
`
`FIG. 21
`
`
`
`Page 23 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 23 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`
`
`2204
`
`2206
`
`2203
`
`
`
`NEXT BEAM COMPONENT _/‘
`
`CONVERT DIRECTION
`COSINES FORM GCS TO
`FACET LCS
`
`
`
`COMPUTE ANGLE OF
`INCIDENCE
`
`COMPUTE ANGLE OF
`REFRACTION
`
`2210
`
`‘/P
`
`CONVERT DIRECTION
`COSINES FROM FACET LCS f
`TO GCS
`
`2212
`
`COMPUTE XSEC INTENSITY
`
`COMPUTE DEGREE OF
`POLARIZATION
`
`2215
`
`T/P
`
`
`2218 LAST BEAM
`COMPONENT?
`
`YES
`
`
`
`NO
`
`COMPUTE ACCUMULATED
`BEAM VOLUME FOR CHILD
`
`AMPLITUDE LESS THAN
`
`BEAM
`
`
`
` DISCARD
`REFRACTED
`
`BEAM
`
`
`IS BEAM
`PROJECTED BELOW
`
`HORIZON?
`
`NO
`
`2220
`
`2222
`
`2226
`
`2228
`
`END
`
`FIG. 22
`
`
`
`Page 24 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 24 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2302
`
`START
`
`
`
`CREATE
`
`REFRACTED BEAM
`
`
` 2304
` 2306
`
`
`
`LOCATE CAMERA
`ILLUMINATED BY
`
`
`
`REFRACTED BEAM
`
`
`
` CAPTURE
`
`REFERACTED
`
`
`
`BEAM DATA USING
`
`CAMERA
`
`2310
`
`FIG. 23
`
`
`
`2308
`
`Page 25 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 25 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2402
`
`START
`
`
`
`DEEFINE VIEWING
`PLANE
`
`2404
`
`2405
`
`2408
`
`2410
`
`
`
`PROJECT
`REFRACTED BEAM
`ONTO VIEWING
`PLANE
`
`DETERMINE
`ANGULAR EXTENT
`OF PROJECTION
`OF WHITE BEAM
`
`COMPARE
`PROJECTION
`ANGLES TO
`CAMERA ANGLES
`
`2412
`
`FIG. 24
`
`
`
`Page 26 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 26 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2504
`
`2502
`
`FIG. 25
`
`
`
`Page 27 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 27 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2602
`
`2504
`
`2606
`
`2608
`
`2610
`
`START
`
`
`
` DETERMINE ZONE
`
`
`
`CORRESPONDING
`TO REFRACTING
`FACET
`
`
`
`
`
`OF DISPERSION
`
`COMPUTE BEAM
`
`
`ENERGY DATA
`
`
`
`
`
`
`UPDATE CAMERA
`ZONE DATA USING
`BEAM DATA
`
`
`
`UPDATE ZONE
`AVERAGE ANGLE
`
`
`
` 2612
`
`FIG. 26
`
`
`
`Page 28 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 28 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2702
`
`2704
`
`2706
`
`DEFINE
`DISPERSION AXIS
`ON VIEWING
`PLANE
`
`COM PUTE PATH
`WIDTH
`
`COMPUTE PATH
`LENGTH
`
`2708
`
`COMPUTE
`INCIDENT FLUX AT
`VIEWING PLANE
`
`2710
`
`2712
`
`FIG. 27
`
`
`
`Page 29 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 29 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2808
`
`E
`
`2804
`
`2808
`
`28(a)
`
`2304
`
`28(b)
`
`2808
`
`2804
`
`2808
`
`2804
`
`286»
`
`2800
`
`l=|(3.12I3
`
`
`
`Page 30 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 30 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`2808
`
`29(a)
`
`2808
`
`
`
`29(b)
`
`FIG. 29
`
`
`
`Page 31 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 31 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`DETERMINE
`SEGMENTS OF
`FACET AND
`PROJECTION OF
`BEAM
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER VERTEX
`OF PROJECTION
`LIES WITHIN FACET
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER VERTEX
`OF FACET LIES
`WITHIN BOUNDARIES
`OF PROJECTION
`
`FIND INTERSECTION
`OF FACET SEGMENT
`AND BEAM SEGMENT
`
`3304
`
`3308
`
`3312
`
`3316
`
`REDRAW SEGMENTS
`
`3320
`
`FIG. 30
`
`
`
`Page 32 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 32 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`3104
`
`FIG. 31
`
`
`
`Page 33 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 33 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`3202
`/V
`GET FIRST AND
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`
`
`
`
`
`TRANSLATE TO
`LOCAL COORDINATE
`SYSTEM OF FACET
`
`ASSIGN VERTICES
`AS ENDPOINTS OF
`SEGMENT
`
`3204
`
`32 8
`0
`
`3210
`
`STORE SEGMENT
`
`DATA
`
`//
`
`3212
`
`GET NEXT VERTEX
`
`3216
`
`Yes
`
`
`ADDITIONAL
`VERTICES
`?
`
`
`
`
`
`No
`
`FIG. 32
`
`
`
`Page 34 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 34 0f56
`
`5,966,673
`
`3302
`
`3304
`
`3308
`
`331 0
`
`
`
`GET FIRST AND
`
`SECOND VERTICES
`OF FACET
`
`
`
`
`
`TRANSLATE TO
`LOCAL COORDINATE
`SYSTEM
`
`ASSIGN VERTICES
`AS ENDPOINTS OF
`SEGMENT
`
`STORE SEGMENT
`
`DATA
`
`
`
`GET NEXT VERTEX
`
`3316
`
`Yes
`
`//
`
`321 2
`
`ADDITIONAL
`
`VERTICES
`?
`
`
`
`
`
`No
`
`FIG. 33
`
`
`
`Page 35 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 35 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
` 3402
`
`
`EXTRACT
`COORDINATE OF
`VERTEX
`
`
`
`3404
`
`3408
`
`EXPRESS
`COORDINATE AS
`LINEAR EXPRESSION
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER
`GET NEXT FACET
`EXPRESSION
`BOUNDARY
`SEGMENT
`INTERSECTS FACET
`BOU N DARY
`
`
`3416
`
`
`
`“Yes” " INTERSECTION
`
`
`NOTE SEGMENT
`
`ESTABLISH AND
`
`UPDATE RANGE
`
`
`FOR OTHER
`
`COORDINATE
`
`
`3420
`
`No
`
`
`
`3432
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER VERTEX
`
`IS INSIDE OR
`OUTSIDE BOUNDARY
`
`
`
`
`
`FIG. 34
`
`
`
`Page 36 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 36 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`3504
`
`FIG. 35
`
`
`
`Page 37 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 37 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`(18,12)
`
`(18,4)
`
`FIG. 36
`
`
`
`Page 38 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 38 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`X08
`IS
`
`
`
`
`y VALUE <
` MINIMUM OF
`RANGE
`
`
`No
`
`
`
`START
`
`x02
`
`Nm—
`
`X16
`
`
`
`IS
`
`
`y VALUE >
`
`
`MAXIMUM OF
`
`RANGE
`’?
`
`
`X20
`
`?
`
`ASSUME RANGE OF
`
`y IS y VALUE AT
`INTERSECTION OF
`EXPRESSION WITH
`I=IRsT SEGMENT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`y VALUE BECOMES
`NEW MAXIMUM FOR
`RANGE
`
`y VALUE BECOMES
`NEW MINIMUM FOR
`RANGE
`
`FIG. 40
`
`FIG. 37
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 39 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 39 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`x02
`
`X04
`
`X08
`
`X12
`
`X24
`
`Yes
`
`
`
`SUBSTITUTE X INTO
`EXPRESSION OF
`SEGMENT AND
`
`
`
`
`
`SOLVE FOR y
`
`
`
`EXTRACT
`COORDINATE OF
`VERTEX
`
`
`
`
`
`
`EXPRESS
`COORDINATE AS
`LINEAR EXPRESSION
`
`
`
`SEGMENT
`
`GET FIRST
`
`GET NEXT SEGMENT
`
` DETERMINE
`MINIMUM AND
`
`MAXIMUM X VALUE
`FOR SEGMENT
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`SET RANGE OF y
` IS x
`
`VALUES TO y VALUE
`VALUE OF
`AT INTERSECTION
`COORDINATE
`OF EXPRESSION
`WITHIN RANGE
`WITH SEGMENT
`
`?
`
`Yes
`
`
`
`Page 40 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 40 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`x 02
`
`X04
`
`
`
`DETERMINE
`WHETHER NEW
`
`
`
`VALUE OF y IS
`WITHIN, ABOVE, OR
`BELOW RANGE OF y
`
`
`
`
`
`REDEFINE RANGE
`
`
`OF y VALUES
`ACCORDINGLY
`
`
`
`X12
`
`X16
`
`Yés
`
`
`
`WAS
`
`THERE AN
`INTERSECTION
`
`
`
`
`
`X24
`
`VERTEX NOT WITHIN
`BOUNDARY
`
`
`
`
`
`VERTEX WITHIN
`BOUNDARY
`
`
`
`IS y
`VALUE WITHIN
`DETERMINED RANGE
`?
`
`
`
`Page 41 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 41 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`START
`
`
`
`IS FIRST VERTEX
`INSIDE AND SECOND
`VERTEX OUTSIDE
`
`
`
`No
`
`IS SECOND VERTEX
`INSIDE AND FIRST
`VERTEX OUTSIDE
`?
`
`No
`
`4106
`
`
`ARE BOTH
`
`VERTICES
`
`OUTSIDE
`'?
`
`
`
`YES
`
`Yes
`
`4122
`
`Yes
`
`4124
`
`4126
`
`
`
` 4104
`
`
`
`POINTS
`
`DETERMINE
`INTERSECTION
`POINT
`
`DETERMINE
`INTERSECTION
`POINT
`
`DETERMINE
`INTERSECTION
`
`
`
`4132
`
`/-4134
`
`4136
`
`ASSIGN
`INTERSECTION AS
`
`NEW VERTEX 2
`
`ASSIGN
`INTERSECTION AS
`NEW VERTEX 1
`
`ASSIGN
`INTERSECTION AS
`NEW VERTICES
`
`4140
`
`4150
`
`REPEAT FOR EACH
`SEGMENT FOR
`WHICH THERE IS AN
`INTERSECTION
`
`REPEAT FOR
`VERTICES OF
`OPPOSITE
`BOUNDARY
`
`FIG. 41
`
`
`
`Page 42 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 42 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`GET FIRST SEGMENT OF
`
`OPPOSITE BOUNDARY
`
`Yes
`COMPUTE INTERSECTION
`OF SEGMENT IN QUESTION
`AND CURRENT SEGMENT
`OF OPPOSITE BOUNDARY
`
`No
`
`DONE
`
`ASSUME 1ST
`
`
`INTERSECTION IS
`CLOSEST POINT TO
`
`VERTICES OF
`
`SEGMENT IN
`QUESTION
`
`
`DETERMINE WHETHER
`SECOND INTERSECTION IS
`CLOSER THAN CLOSEST
`POINT TO FIRST AND/OR
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`
`
`
`2ND
`
`INTERSECTION
`“’Ye5-
`
`
`
`DEFINE 2ND
`
`INTERSECTION AS
`CLOSEST VERTEX
`
`TO FIRST AND/OR
`
`
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`
`
`
`*‘Yesr
`
`DETERMINE WHETHER
`N-‘ITH INTERSECTION IS
`CLOSER THAN CLOSEST
`POINT TO FIRST AND/OR
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`DEFINE N—1TH
`INTERSECTION AS
`CLOSEST VERTEX
`TO FIRST AND/OR
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`
`
`
`DEFINE NTH
`
`INTERSECTION AS
`CLOSEST VERTEX
`TO FIRST AND/OR
`SECOND VERTICES
`
`
`
`NTH INTERSECTION
`
`DETERMINE WHETHER NTH
`INTERSECTION IS CLOSER
`THAN CLOSEST POINT TO
`FIRST AND/OR SECOND
`VERTICES
`
`FIG. 42
`
`
`
`Page 43 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 43 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`FP1
`
`PP1
`
`PS1
`
`\
`
`PP2
`
`PP4
`
`FIG. 43
`
`
`
`Page 44 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 44 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`FP1
`
`PP1
`
`PS1
`
`\
`
`PP2
`
`\ 4404
`
`FS2
`
`FP2
`
`L
`
`PP3
`
`PP4
`
`FIG. 44
`
`
`
`Page 45 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 45 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
` 4508
`
`FIND SEGMENT
`
`
`
`CLOSEST TO FIRST
`SEGMENT
`
`
`
`IS THE
`
`
`
`FIND SEGMENT
`
`CLOSESTTOLAST
`
`
`
`BOUNDARY
`FOUNDSEGMENT
`CLOSED
`
`
`?
`
`Yes
`
`DONE
`
`FIG. 45
`
`
`
`Page 46 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 46 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`FIND FIRST
`SEGMENT OF
`OVERLAP
`BOUNDARY
`
`GET A NEXT
`SEGMENT OF THE
`OVERLAP
`BOUNDARY
`
`ASSUME FIRST
`SEGMENT IS
`CLOSEST
`
`GET NEXT SEGMENT
`OF OVERLAP
`BOUNDARY
`
`COMPUTE DISTANCE
`FROM NEXT
`SEGMENT AND
`
`FIG. 46
`
`
`
`Page 47 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 47 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
` NEXT SEGMENT CLOSER
`
`THAN PREVIOUS SEGMENT
`
`
`
` REDEFINE CURRENT
`SEGMENT AS
`CLOSEST
`
`No
`
`
`
` ANYMORE
`SEGMENTS
`
`NO
`
`
`
`
`ASSIGN ORDER OF
`
`VERTICES AND
`UPDATE LINKED LIST
`
`
`
`
`
`IS
`
`OVERLAP
`BOUNDARY
`CLOSED
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Page 48 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 48 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`4802
`
`4804
`
`4806
`
`4808
`
`4810
`
`4812
`
`4814
`
`4816
`
`COMPUTE FLUX
`DENSITY FOR EACH
`ZONE AND EACH
`CAMERA
`
`COMPUTE
`ABSOLUTEFLUX
`DENSHY
`
`(BRHUANCB
`
`COMPUTE
`ABSOLUTE
`
`mSPER$ON(HRE)
`
`COMPUTE
`ABSOLUTE
`REFRACTKNJCOUNT
`
`(SCWTKLAHON)
`
`COMPUTE SCALED
`BRILLIANCE, FIRE,
`AND SCINTILLATION
`
`DISPLAY GRADE
`INFORMATION
`
`FIG. 48
`
`
`
`Page 49 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12, 1999
`
`Sheet 49 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`N EXT CAMERA
`
`4902
`
`4904
`
`4906
`
`N EXT ZO N E
`
`4908
`
`ZONE VISIBLE?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`
`FLUX DENISTY
`
`4910
`
` 4914
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`FLUX DENISTY
`
`FOR CAMERA
`
`4916
`
`4920
`
`NO
`
`LAST CAM E RA?
`
`YES
`
`4922
`
`FIG. 49
`
`
`
`Page 50 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 50 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`5002
`
`START
`
`NExT RING OF
`__j+ CAMERAS
`
`NEXT ZONE TYPE
`
`5004
`
`5006
`
`NEXT CAMERA IN f 5008
`RING
`
`
`
`GET FLUX DENSITY
`FOR ZONE TYPE f
`
`5010
`
`5012
`
` LAST
`
`CAMERA IN
`RING?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`FLUX DENSITY FOR
`ZONE TYPE FOR ALL
`CAMERAS IN RING
`
`5014
`
`5016
`
`NO
`
`LAST ZONE
`TYPE?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL AND
`AVERAGE FLUX
`DENSITY FOR RING
`
`OF CAMERAS
`
`5018
`
`5020
`
`
`
` LAST
`
`RING OF
`CAMERAS?
`
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`5022
`
`5024
`
`
`YES
`
`COM PUTE TOTAL
`FLUX DENSITY
`FOR CAMERA
`
`
`
`
`
`END
`
`FIG. 50
`
`
`
`Page 51 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 51 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`5102
`
`START
`
`NEXT RING OF
`CAMERAS
`
`NEXT ZONE TYPE
`
`5104
`
`5106
`
`1
`5 O8
`
`5110
`
`5112
`
`NEXT CAMERA IN
`RING
`
`GET DISPERSION
`FOR ZONE TYPE
`
`
`
` LAST
`
`CAMERA IN
`RING?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`DISPERSION FOR
`ZONE TYPE FOR ALL
`CAMERAS IN RING
`
`NO
`
`
`LAST ZONE
`
`TYPE?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL AND
`AVERAGE
`DISPERSION FOR
`
`RING OF CAMERAS
`
`5114
`
`5116
`
`5118
`
`5120
`
`
`
` LAST
`
`RING OF
`CAMERAS?
`
`
`
`
`NO
`
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`DISPERSION FOR
`
`GEMSTONE
`
`5122
`
`5124
`
`END
`
`FIG. 51
`
`
`
`Page 52 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 52 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`5202
`
`START
`
`.
`
`.-——{———+
`
`NEXT RING OF
`CAMERAS
`
`NEXT ZONE TYPE
`
`NEXT CAMERA IN
`RING
`
`GET REFRACTION
`COUNT FOR ZONE
`TYPE
`
`5204
`
`5206
`
`5208
`
`5210
`
`5212
`
`
`
` LAST
`CAMERA IN
`
`RING?
`
`YES
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`RERACTION COUNT FOR
`ZONE TYPE FOR ALL
`
`CAMERAS IN RING
`
`NO
`
`LAST ZONE
`TYPE?
`
`YES
`
`5214
`
`5216
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL AND
`AVERAGE REFRACTION ‘/‘52I8
`COUNT FOR RING OF
`CAMERAS
`
`5220
`
`
`
`NO
`
` LAST
`RING OF
`
`CAMERAS?
`
`YES
`
`5222
`
`
`
`COMPUTE TOTAL
`REFRACTION COUNT f
`FOR GEMSTONE
`
`5224
`
`END
`
`FIG. 52
`
`
`
`Page 53 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 53 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`ESTABLISH RANGE
`
`AND RESOLUTION
`
`FOR GEMSTONE
`
`MODEL
`
`FOR EACH MODEL,
`DETERMINE
`
`ATTRIBUTE
`
`MEASUREMENTS
`
`SELECT MAXIMUM
`
`MEASUREMENTS AS
`
`MAXIMUM
`
`ATTRIBUTE VALUES
`
`FIG. 53
`
`
`
`Page 54 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 54 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`DEFINE
`PROPORTION
`PARAMETERS
`
`ESTABLISH RANGES
`FOR PROPORTION
`PARAMETERS
`
`ESTABLISH
`RESOLUTION WITHIN
`RANGES
`
`TRACE LIGHT FOR
`EACH PERMUTATION
`AND MEASURE
`ATTRIBUTES
`
`RECORD MAXIMUM
`ATTRIBUTE VALUES
`
`FIG. 54
`
`
`
`Page 55 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 55 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`SET UP MODEL FOR
`PERMUTATION
`
`LIGHT ATTRIBUTES
`
`PERFORM TRACING
`FOR MODEL
`
`MEASURE OUTPUT
`
`
`
` IS AN
`ATTRIBUTE
`MAX
`
`YS
`
`RECORD ATTRIBUTE
`
`VAULE AS MAX
`
`O
`
`
`
` ANOTHER
`PERMUTATION
`
`’?
`
`0
`
`Terminator
`
`FIG. 55
`
`
`
`Page 56 of 95
`
`

`
`U.S. Patent
`
`Oct. 12,1999
`
`Sheet 56 of 56
`
`5,966,673
`
`Corn uter S stem 5600
`
`Display 5606
`
` pmcesso,5504
`l
`
`Graphics
`Subsystem
`5603
`
`Main Memory 5608
`
`@
`
`@ f
`
`Secondary Memory 5610
`
`Bus 5606
`
`Hard Disk Drive 5612
`
`I nterface 5620
`
`Removable Storage Drive 5614
`
`Removable Storage
`Unit 5618
`
`Removabie Storage
`Unit 5622
`
`Peripheral
`DeViCe5
`
`5632
`Interface 5624
`
`User—lnterface
`5630
`
`Communications
`
`Communications Path 5626
`
`FIG. 56
`
`
`
`Page 57 of 95
`
`

`
`5,966,673
`
`1
`SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR
`COMPUTERIZED EVALUATION OF
`GEMSTONES
`
`BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
`
`1.0 Field of the Invention
`
`This invention relates generally to gemstones, and more
`particularly to a computer-based system and method for
`evaluation of a gemstone by modeling light propagating
`through the gemstone.
`2.0 Related Art
`
`Very few subjects have plagued the diamond industry
`more than the subject of cut. The basis for conventional cut
`grading of gemstones was established in 1919 by Marcel
`Tolkowsky, an industrious Antwerp diamond cutter. In his
`mathematical dissertation entitled “Diamond Design, A
`Study of the Reflection and Refraction of Light
`in a
`Diamond,” Tolkowsky cstablishcd mathcmatically an opti-
`mal brilliant cut for a diamond that is still widely used today.
`The Tolkowsky cut defined certain dimensions (that is, table
`diameter, crown height and pavilion depth) of the diamond
`as percentages of its girdle diameter. Thus, the Tolkowsky
`cut is scalable, and so can be used for a different sizes of this
`style of cut.
`Although Tolkowsky’s cut represented a milestone in the
`industry, it is based upon a two-dimcnsional profilc, and so
`does not account for three-dimensional reflective and refrac-
`
`the Tokowsky model doesn’t
`tive effects. Furthermore,
`account for differences or variations in facet types, sizes or
`positions, or assymetries present in some cuts.
`Further, Tolkowsky apparently relied upon a single inci-
`dent light ray to create the Tolkowski cut. This lighting
`model, therefore, has some shorfalls due to the fact that an
`actual gcmstonc is normally illuminatcd from a myriad of
`directions. Despite the shortcomings of the Tolkowsky cut,
`it is still in use today. Many gemstone cut grades continue
`to be based on deviations from the proportions of the
`Tolkowsky cut.
`SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
`
`The present invention is directed toward a system and
`method for modeling and evaluating the propagation of light
`through an optical system. More specifically, in a preferred
`embodiment, the present invention provides a system and
`method for evaluating properties of a gemstone using a
`gemstone model. A key feature of the invention is that it
`provides a computer-based system and method for evaluat-
`ing and grading the cut of a gemstone which can be used for
`determining an ideal or near-ideal c11t. Thus, the invention
`can be used to grade the cut of an existing cut stone or to
`determine ideal dimensions for a stone to be cut.
`
`Data describing the stone to be evaluated is collected into
`a data set. The data in the data set includes the material
`
`characteristics of the stone. This data also includes geometri-
`cal cut data, such as information regarding an existing cut or
`a proposed cut. The cut data can include, for example,
`without limitation, data regarding the number,
`type and
`placements of facets, and cut dimensions (e.g., pavillion,
`crown and table percentages). The data set represents a
`thrcc-dimcnsional model of a gcmstonc with an cxisting or
`proposed cut.
`According to the invention, an illumination model com-
`prised of one or more light sources is used to “illuminate”
`the stone. Light beams from the light sources are traced or
`modeled as they enter the stone, are reflected among the
`
`10
`
`15
`
`30
`
`40
`
`45
`
`2
`various facets inside the stone, and exit the stone. One or
`more attributes of the light exiting the stone is measured to
`determine the quality of the cut. These attributes can include,
`for example,
`intensity, dispersion, scintillation, and other
`attributes.
`
`Preferably, numerous measurements of the exiting light
`are taken at a plurality of points surrounding the crown of
`the stone. As a result, the light exiting the stone is evaluated
`at various viewing angles and from various locations on the
`model. Attributes of the light exiting the stone are measured
`and these measurements are used to evaluate the cut of the
`gemstone.
`One advantage of the present invention is that the grade
`of a gemstone can be detennined based on the propagation
`of light within the gemstone.
`Another advantage of the present invention is that an
`accurate measure of composite brilliance for a gemstone is
`obtained.
`
`Further features and advantages of the present invention,
`as well as the structure and operation of various embodi-
`ments of the present invention, are described in detail below
`with reference to the accompanying drawings.
`BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
`
`The present invention is described with reference to the
`accompanying drawings.
`In the drawings,
`the left-most
`digit(s) of a reference number identifies the drawing in
`which the reference number first appears.
`FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a scenario where a light
`beam is refracted into a gemstone and is reflected off of a
`facet within the gemstone.
`FIG. 2 is an operational flow diagram illustrating a
`process for evaluating a gemstone according to one embodi-
`ment of the invention.
`
`FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are an operational flow diagram
`illustrating an example process for evaluating and grading a
`gemstone according to one embodiment of the invention.
`FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example archi-
`tecture for the system according to one embodiment of the
`invcntion.
`
`FIG. 5 is an operational flow diagram depicting one
`process for performing facet extraction according to a pre-
`ferred embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating one example process for
`building a master zone list according to a preferred embodi-
`ment of the invention.
`
`FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for
`creating a camera model according to one embodiment of
`the invention.
`
`FIG. 8 depicts an example arrangement of cameras
`according to one embodiment of the present invention.
`FIG. 9 is a flowchart depicting an example process for
`building a camera-specific copy of the master zone list for a
`camera according to one embodiment of the invention.
`FIG. 10 depicts an example spherical diffuse illumination
`model.
`
`60
`
`65
`
`FIG. 11 depicts an example conicular illumination model.
`FIG. 12 is a flowchart depicting one process for comput-
`ing the indices of refraction for various dispersion compo-
`nents according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
`FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) are a flowchart describing an
`example process for illuminating a gemstone model accord-
`ing to one embodiment of the invention.
`FIG. 14 is a flowchart describing a global coordinate
`system representation of the light vector according to one
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`
`
`Page 58 of 95
`
`

`
`5,966,673
`
`3
`FIG. 15 is a flowchart illustrating one process for reflect-
`ing light within the gemstone model according to a preferred
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`4
`FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a possible
`scenario where a vertex of a beam projection lies within the
`boundaries of a facet.
`
`FIG. 16 is a flowchart depicting an example process for
`creating the bounding boxes according to a preferred
`embodiment of the invention.
`
`FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for
`comparing the projected bounding box to the facet bounding
`box according to a preferred embodiment