IEEE 802.lla—l999
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`IEEE 802.11:-1999 or 802.11: was an amendment to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local network specifications that defined requirements for an orthogonal fiequency division
`nnrltiplming (OFDM) comnnrnication systern It was originally designed to support wireless comrmrnication in the unlicensed national information infiastructure (U-NII)
`bands (in the 5-6 (51-12 frequency range) as regulated in the United States by the Code ofFederal Regulations, Title 47, Section 15.407.
`
`Originally describedas clause 17 ofthe 1999 specification, it is now defined in clause 18 ofthe 2012 qaedfication andprovides protocols that allow transmission and
`reception ofdata at rates of 1.5 to 54Mbit/s. It has seen widespread worldwide implementation, particularly within the corporate workspace. While the original amendment
`is no longervalid, the term "802.lla" is still usedbywireless access point (cards androuters) manufacturers to describe interoperability oftheir systems at 5.8 GHZ, 54
`Mbit/s (54 x 10‘ bits per second).
`
`802.11 is a set ofIEEE standards that govern wireless networking transmission methods. They are commonly usedtoday in their 802.lla, 802.1lb, 802.11g, 802.1ln and
`802. llac versions to provide wireless connectivity in the home, oflice and some commercial establishments.
`
`Contents
`
`1 Description
`2 Regulatoryissues
`3 Timing and cmnpatibility ofproducts
`4 Technical description
`5 See also
`6 References
`
`Description
`
`The802.llaamendmenttaotheoriginal standardwasratifiedin1999.The802.llastandardusesthesamecoreprotocolastheoriginalstandard,operatesin5GHzband,
`andusesa 52-subcarria orthogonal
`rmrltiplexing (OFDM) withamaximum raw data rate of54M'bit/s,whichyieldsrealisticnetachievablethroughput
`inthemid-20 Mbit/s. The data rate isreducedto48, 36, 24, 18, 12, 9 then6Mbit/s ifrequired 802.1laoriginallyhad 12/13 non-overlapping channels, 12 that canbe used
`indoorand4/5 ofthe llthatcanbeusedinoutdoorpointtopointconfigurations.Recentlymanycountriesoftheworldareallowingoperationinthe5.47to5.725GHz
`BandasasecoridaryuserIsingasharingmethodderivedin802.llILThiswilladdanother 12/13Cham|elstotheoverall5GHzbandenab1ingsig1iflcantoverallwire1ess
`network capadty enabling thepossrhility of24+ chamiels insome countries. 802.l1a isnot interoperable with 802.1lb as theyoperatieonseparate bands, exceptifudng
`equipmentthathasadualbandcapability.MostentupriseclassAccessPoinlshavedualbandcapabi1ity
`
`Usingthe 5 GI-Izbandgives 802.llaa significant advantage, sincethe2.4GHzbandisheavilyusedtothepointofbeing crowded Degadationcansedbysuchconflicts
`cancausefiequentdroppedconnectionsanddegradationofservice. Howeventhislnghcanierfiequencyalsobringsaslightdisadvantage:Theeflectiveoverallrangeof
`802.lla is sligItlylessthanthatof802.llh/g; 802.1lasigia1scannotpenetrateasfirasfl|osefor802.llbbecauseflieyamabsmbedmmereadilybywal1smdodterwlid
`objedsmflieirpathmdbecmsethepathlossmsignalsumgflrispropmfimalmflwsquareofthesiyIalfi'equency.0ntheotherhand, 0FDMhasfirndamenta1propagation
`advantageswheninahighmultipathenvironment, suchasanindoorofiice, andthehigherfiequencies enablethebuilding ofsmallerantennaswithhigherRFsyst7emgain
`which cormteractthe disadvantage ofahigherbandofoperation Theincreasedmnnberofusablechannels (4to8timesasmanyinFCC countries)andthenearabsence of
`other interfiering systems (microwave ovens, cordless phones, baby monitors) give 802.l1a significant aggegate bandwidth and reliability advantages over 802.1lb/g.
`
`Regulatory issues
`
`Diiferent countries have different regulatory support, although a 2003 World Radiotelecornrnnnicatiorns Conference improved worldwide standards coordination 802.lla is
`now approvedbyregulations intheUnited States andJapan,but inotherareas, suchasthe EuropeanUnion, ithadto waitlongerforapproval. Europeanregnlatorswere
`considering the use ofthe European I-IIPERLAN standard, but in rnid-2002 cleared 802.lla for use in Europe. In flre U.S., a mid—2003 FCC decision may open more
`spectrumto 802.11: channels.
`
`Timing and compatibility of products
`
`802.11a products started shipping late, lagging 802.llb products due to 5 GHz components beingmore dificulttzo manufacture. First generationproductperformance was
`poor andplagued with problems. When second generationproducts started shipping, 802.113 was not widely adoptedin the consumer space prirnarilybecause the less-
`expensive 802.llb was already widely adopted However, 802.lla later saw significant penetration into enterprise network environment, despite the
`cost
`disadvantages, particularly for businesses which required increased capacity and reliability over 802.l1b/g-only networks.
`
`“With the arrival ofless expensive early 802.llgproducts on themarket, whichwere backwards—compatible with 802.111), the bandwidth advantage ofthe 5 GHz 802.l1a
`was eliminated Mannfacturas of802_11a equipmentrespondedto the lack ofmarket success by significantly improving the implementations (current-generation 802.lla
`technologyhasrangecharacteristicsnearlyidenticaltothoseof802.1lb),andbymakingtedmologythatcanusemorethanonebandastandard
`
`Dual—band, ordual-mode Access Points andNetworkInterface Cards (NICs) that canantomatically handlea andblg, arenow common inallthe markets, andvery close in
`price to b/g- only devices.
`
`Technical description
`
`Ofthe 52OFDMsuhcarriers,48arefordataand4arepilotsubcarrierswithacarriu'separationof0.3l25MHz(20hdHz/64).EachofthesesubcarrierscanbeaBPSIQ
`QPSK, 16-QAMor64—QAM. Thetotal bandwidthis20Ml-Izwithanoccupiedbandwidthof 16.6 MHz. Symho1(hn'at‘ionis4microsecomk, which includesaguard
`intervalof0.8microseconds.TheactualgenerationanddecodingoforthogonalcomponentsisdoneinbasebandusingDSPwhichisthenupconvertedto5GHzatthe
`transmitter.Eachofthe subcarrierscouldberepresentedasacomple'xmnnbu'.ThetimedomainsigtalisgeneratedbytakinganInvaseFastFouriu'nansfmm(IFFI).
`Correspondinglythereceiverdownconverts,samplesat20MHzanddoesanFFTtoretrievetheoriginalcoeficients.TheadvantagesofusingOFDMincludereduced
`multipath eifects inreception and increased spectral eficimcy.
`_
`M1crosoft, Ex. 1015
`
`Microsoft V. Bradium, IPR2016-00449
`
`Microsoft, Ex. 1015
`Microsoft v. Bradium, IPR2016-00449
`
`

`

`MCS index
`
`13
`16
`
`mu-:\o~1u1
`
`See also
`
`I List of WLAN channels
`I OFDM system eompuison table
`I Spectral efliciency comparison table
`
`802.11 network PHY standards
`
`Stream data ratem
`
`6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54
`
`400 ns GI ; 7.2, 14.4, 21.7, 28.9, 43.3, 57.8, 65, 72.2 I31
`800 ns GI : 6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 39, 52, 58.5, 65 [C1
`
`400 ns GI: 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150 I31
`800 ns GI: 13.5, 27, 40.5, 54, 81, 108, 121.5, 135 [C1
`
`400 15 G1 ; 7.2, 14.4, 21.7, 28.9, 43.3, 57.8, 65, 72.2, 86.7, 96.3 I31
`800 us GI ; 6.5, 13, 19.5, 26, 39, 52, 58.5, 65, 78, 86.7 [C1
`
`400 ns GI: 15, 30,45, 60, 90, 120, 135, 150,180,200 [91
`800m GI: 13.5, 27, 40.5, 54, 81, 108, 121.5, 135, 162, 180 [C1
`
`400 ns GI : 32.5, 65, 97.5, 130, 195, 260, 292.5, 325, 390, 433.3 [3]
`800 ns GI : 29.2, 58.5, 87.8, 117, 175.5, 234, 263.2, 292.5, 351, 390
`[C]
`
`400 ns GI ; 65, 130, 195, 260, 390, 520, 585, 650, 780, 866.7 I31
`800 ns GI : 58.5, 117, 175.5, 234, 351, 468, 702, 780 [C1
`
`Up to 6,912 (6.75 Gbitls) [51
`
`NU1O
`
`35
`
`115
`
`~1\]on0on
`
`I-0 |—| “.2.a
`
`
`
`N)V-08EBao
`
`Est.
`
`E
`
`8000
`
`Up to 100,000 (100 Gbit/s)
`
`Z EM
`°FDMt““g1°
`
`I A1 A2 IEEE 802.lly-2008 extended opention of802.1la to the licensed 3.7 GHz band. Increasedpower limits allow a range up to 5,000 m. As of2009, it is only bein
`licensed in the United States by the FCC.
`. 31 32 33 34 35 3‘ Assumes shoxt guard interval (SGI) enabled
`. Cl C2 C3 C4 C5 “Assumes shun guard interval (SGI) dfiabled.
`
`References
`
`l "Ofl'icial IEEE 8021lworking group project tjmelincs" June 2, 2014 Retrieved 2014-06-03
`2 'Wi-Fi CERTIFIED n: Longe|'—Range, Faster-Throughput, Multimedia-Grade W1-Fi® Netwmks"
`
`M-Fi Alliance Septanber 2009
`
`3 "802 lln Delivers Bum Range" M-F1‘ Planet 2007-05-31
`
`,
`.
`Microsoft EX 1015
`
`Microsoft V. Bradium, IPR2016-00449
`
`Microsoft, Ex. 1015
`Microsoft v. Bradium, IPR2016-00449
`
`

`

`4  "IEEE 802 11ac: What Does it Mean for Test?" (PDF)  LitePoint  October 2013
`5  "WiGig and IEEE 802 11ad For Multi­Gigabyte­Per­Second WPAN and WLAN" (PDF)  Tensorcom Inc
`
`General
`
`"802.11a­1999 High­speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band" (PDF). 1999­02­11. Retrieved 2007­09­24.
`
`Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEEE_802.11a­1999&oldid=740398108"
`
`Categories:  IEEE 802.11
`
`This page was last modified on 20 September 2016, at 20:37.
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`
`Microsoft, Ex. 1015
`Microsoft v. Bradium, IPR2016-00449
`
`