IEEE 100
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of
`IEEE Standards Terms
`
`Seventh Edition
`
`TQ DELTA, LLC
`
`Exhibit 2001
`
`ARRIS v. TQ DELTA
`1PR2016«~O0428
`
`©|EEE
`
`Published by
`»
`_
`Standards Information Network
`
`Page 1 of 9
`
`

`
`Introduction
`
`IEEE standards establish an authoritative common language that defines quality and sets technical criteria.
`By guaranteeing consistency and conformity through open consensus, IEEE standards add value to prod-
`ucts, facilitate trade, drive markets, and ensure safety. That’s why leading companies, organizations, and
`industries around the globe rely on them.
`
`Critical components of this common language are the terms and definitions that are at the foundation of
`the vastibody of IEEE standards. In the past decade alone, hundreds of terms——describing the latest tools,
`techniques, and best practices—have been addedvto the lexicon of IEEE standards.
`
`In this newly updated Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms, professional experts and stu-
`dents alike will gain an in-depth understanding and appreciation for the breadth of coverage of IEEE
`standards terms and definitions not found in any other single source.
`
`The seventh edition of IEEE 100 has been revised to include nearly 35 000 technical terms and definitions
`from over 800 standards—covering areas such as power and energy, communications, information tech—
`nology, and transportation systems. In addition to an extensive list of widely used acronyms and abbre-
`viations, this new edition also contains detailed abstracts of each term’s associated standard(s). What’s
`more, all definitions are augmented by a combination of indispensable information, including:
`
`6660
`
`Preferred and popular usage of each term
`Variations in meanings among different technical specialties
`Cross-indexing to related works
`Key explanatory notes for further term clarification
`
`In preparing this latest edition of the Dictionary, we realized that the standards community desired more
`than just a compilation of IEEE standardized terms and definitions. They needed an authoritative resource
`created by the organization that develops and produces the standards from which the terms and definitions
`are derived—the IEEE. In addition, we determined the Dictionary needed to be not only user friendly,
`but also rich in information. In other words, it needed to be the Authoritative Dictionary 0fIEEE Standards
`Terms.
`
`Susan K. Tatiner
`
`Director, IEEE Standards Publishing Programs
`
`IEEE Standards Project Editors for the seventh edition:
`Kim Breitfelder
`Don Messina
`
`Additional assistance was provided by the IEEE Standards editorial staff.
`
`Page 2 of 9
`
`

`
`How to Use This Dictionary
`
`The terms defined in the Dictionary are listed in letter-by-letter alphabetical order. Spaces are ignored in
`this style of alphabetization, so cable value will come before cab signal. Descriptive categories associated
`with the term in earlier editions of the Dictionary will follow the term in parentheses. New categories
`appear after the definitions (see Categories, below), followed by the designation of the standard or stan-
`dards that include the definition. If a standard designation is followed by the letter s, it means that edition
`of the standard was superseded by a newer revision and the term was not included in the revision. If a
`designation is followed by the letter w, it means that edition of the standard was withdrawn and not
`replaced by a revision. A bracketed number refers to the non-IEEE standard sources given in the back
`of the book.
`
`Abstracts of the current set of approved IEEE standards are provided in the back of the book. It should
`be noted that updated information about IEEE standards can be obtained at any time from the lEEE
`Standards World Wide Web site at http://standards.ieee.org/.
`»
`
`Categories
`
`The category abbreviations that are used in this edition of the Dictionary are defined below. This infor-
`' mation is provided to help elucidate the context of the definition. Older terms for which no category could
`be found have had the category StdJO0 assigned to them. Note that terms from sources other than IEEE
`standards, such as the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) or the National Fire Protection Association,
`may not be from the most recent editions; the reader is cautioned to check the latest editions of all sources
`for the most up—to—date terminology.
`
`Categories sorted by abbreviation
`
`AES
`AHDL
`AMR
`AP
`ATL
`BA
`B
`C
`CAS
`CE
`CHM
`COM
`CS
`DA
`DEI
`DESG
`DIS
`ED
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EM
`EMB
`EMC
`GRS
`GSD
`IA
`IE
`II
`IM
`IT
`
`._
`
`‘
`
`.
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`computer—Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`antennas and propagation
`computer—Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer—bus architecture
`broadcast technology
`computer
`circuits and systems
`consumer electronics
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`communications
`control systems
`cornputer—design automation
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`computer— distributed interactive simulation
`electron devices
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`engineering management
`engineering in medicine and biology
`electromagnetic compatibility
`geoscience and remote sensing
`graphic symbols and designations
`industry applications
`industrial electronics
`information infrastructure
`instrumentation and measurement
`information theory
`
`Page 3 of 9
`
`

`
`IVHS
`LEO
`LM
`MAG
`MIL
`MM
`MTT
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`NI
`NIR
`NN
`NPS
`ODM
`OE
`PA
`PE
`PEL
`PQ
`PSPD
`PV
`QUL
`R
`RA
`REM
`RL
`S&P
`SB
`SE
`SMC
`SP
`Std100
`SUB
`SWG
`T&D
`TF
`TRR
`TT
`UPFC
`VT
`
`_
`
`.
`
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and electro—optics
`computer—1oca.l and metropolitan area networks
`magnetics
`military
`computer—rnicroprocessors and microcomputers
`microwave theory and techniques
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association _
`nuclear insrrurnents
`non-ionizing radiation
`neural networks
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platfonns
`oceanic engineering
`computer-«portable applications
`power engineering
`power electronics
`power quality
`power surge protective devices
`photovoltaics
`. quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`‘
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery .
`roadway lighting
`computer—security and privacy
`stationary batteries
`computer—software engineering
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`substations
`power switchgear
`transmission and distribution
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`test technology
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and fiequency control
`vehicular technology.
`
`‘
`
`g
`
`Categories sorted by name
`
`aerospace and electronic systems
`antennas and propagation
`automatic meter reading and energy management
`broadcast technology
`circuits and systems
`communication
`components, hybrids, and manufacturing technology
`computer
`computer——Abbreviated Test Language for All Systems
`computer— Analog Hardware Descriptive Language
`computer—bus architecture
`computer— design, automation
`computer—distributed interactive simulation
`computer-—local and metropolitan area networks
`computer—microprocessors and microcomputers
`computer—optical disk and multimedia platforms
`compute-r—-—portable applications
`computer——-security and privacy
`computer—— software engineering
`consumer electronics
`
`AES
`
`BT
`CAS
`COM
`CHM
`
`ATL
`AHDL
`BA
`DA
`DIS
`LM
`M1\/I
`ODM
`PA
`S&P
`SE
`CE
`
`The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms
`
`vii
`
`Page 4 of 9
`
`

`
`CS
`DEI
`DESG
`EDU
`EEC
`ELM
`EMC
`ED
`EMB
`EM
`GRS
`GSD
`
`IT
`
`IVI-IS
`LEO
`MAG
`
`NEC
`NESC
`NFPA
`
`NPS
`
`OE
`
`PEL
`PE
`Po
`PSPD
`SWG
`QU1;
`
`REM
`SP
`
`Std1OO I
`‘ SB
`SUB
`SMC
`
`TRR
`T&D
`UFFC
`VT
`
`control systems
`dielectrics and electrical insulation
`dispersed energy storage and generation
`education
`electrical equipment and components
`electricity metering
`electromagnetic compatibility
`electron devices
`engineering in medicine and biology
`engineering management
`geoscience and remote sensing
`g;raphic symbols and designations
`industrial electronics
`industry applications
`information infrastructure
`information theory
`instrumentation and measurement
`intelligent vehicle highway systems
`lasers and e1ectro~optics
`magnetics
`microwave theory and techniques
`military
`National Electrical Code
`National Electrical Safety Code
`National Fire Protection Association
`neural networks
`non—ionizing radiation
`nuclear and plasma sciences
`nuclear instrurnents
`oceanic engineering
`photovoltaics
`power electronics
`power engineering
`power quality
`power surge protective devices
`power switchgear
`quantities, units, and letter symbols
`reliability
`roadway lighting
`robotics and automation
`rotating electrical machinery
`signal processing
`Standard 100 legacy data
`stationary batteries
`substations
`systems, man, and cybernetics
`test technology
`time and frequency
`transformers, regulators, and reactors
`transmission and distribution
`ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control
`vehicular technology
`
`viii
`
`Page 5 of 9
`
`

`
`data manipulation language
`
`272
`
`data sequence sensor
`
`data manipulation language (DML) A language used to re-
`trieve, insert, delete, or modify the data in ’a database. Syn-
`onym.‘ database manipulation language. Contrast: data defi-
`nition language. See also: MODEL 204; dBASE; INQUTRE;
`FOCUS; SQL; RAMIS; Datatrieve; DL/I; Easytrieve; NAT-
`URAL.
`(C) 6lO.5-l990w, 610.13-l993w
`data medium A material in or on which data are or may be
`represented. Sea also.‘ data carrier; prerecorded data medium;
`media.
`(C) 610.10-l994w, 610.5-l99OW
`data model (1) A description of data that consists of all entities
`represented in a data structure or database and the relation-
`ships that exist among them. See also: physical data model;
`view; schema; logical data model.
`(C) 610.5-1_990w
`(2) A conceptual representation of the information require-
`ments, data flows, and data relationships for an organization,
`facility, activity, or process.
`(PE/EDPG) 1150-l99lW
`(3) The numeric format in which the Smart Transducer Inter-
`face Module will output or accept data.
`(TM/ST) 14512-1997
`(4) A graphical and textual representation of analysis. that
`identifies the data needed by an organization to achieve its
`mission, functions, goals, objectives, and strategies and to
`manage and rate the organization. A data model identifies the
`entities, domains (attributes), and relationships (associations)
`with other data and provides the conceptual view of the data
`and the relationships among data.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`data mover A system program through which a client appli-
`cation accesses the data on media. A data mover is not part
`of the Media Management System (MIVIS), nor is a’ data
`mover required for operation of the MMS. If a data mover is
`present, the MMS provides appropriate interfaces and facili-
`ties for it to operate.
`(C/SS) 1244.1-2000
`data multiplexer A device that permits two or more data
`sources to share a common transmission medium.
`(C) 610.7-1995
`data name One or more characters used to identify a data ele-
`ment.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`data normalization See: normalization.
`data origin authentication The corroboration that the source
`of data received is as claimed. This service, when provided
`by the (N)-layer, provides the corroboration to an (N+l)-
`entity that the source of the data is the claimed peer (N+ 1)-
`entity.
`(LM/C) 802.10-1992
`data output (semiconductor memory) The outputs whose
`states represent the data read from the memory.
`(TT/C) 662-19805
`Data Overrun Error (DOR) bit A bit in the Bus Error register
`of all S-modules. An S-module sets this bit to indicate that
`the module has received input data from the M-module when
`the S-module was not ready to receive it.
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`DATA packet Any packet other than a HEADER, PACKET
`COUNT, or ACKNOWLEDGE packet.
`
`(TT/C) 1149.5-1995
`datapath (1) A type of Physical Design Exchange Format
`(PDEF) cluster that contains rows and/or columns of cluster,
`cell, skip, and/or spare_cell instances. A PDEF datapath typ-
`ically corresponds to structured logic. See also: column; row.
`(C/DA) 1481-1999
`(2) Signal lines on a bus associated with data.
`(C/MM) 959-l988r
`data phase A period within a transaction used to transfer data.
`(C/BA) 10857-1994. 896.3-l993w, 896.4-1993w
`data processing (1) The systematic performance of operations
`upon data, such as data manipulation, merging, sorting, and
`computing. Synonym: information processing. See also: me-*
`chanical data processing; business data processing; office au-
`tomation; distributed data processing; integrated data pro-
`
`(2) (emergency and standby power) Pertaining to any op-
`eration or combination of operations on data.
`(IA/PSE) 446-19875
`data processing cycle See.‘ processing cycle.
`data processing system A system, including computer systems
`and associated personnel,
`that perfonns input, processing,
`storage output, and control functions to accomplish a se-
`quence of operations on data. See also: information system.
`(C) 6102-1987, 610.10-l994w
`data processor* (1) (A) A processor capable of performing
`operations on data. For example: a desk calculator or tabu-
`lating machine, or a computer. (B) A person who operates a
`computer.
`(C) 61010-1994
`(2) Any device capable of being used to perform operations
`on data, for example, a desk calculator, tape recorder, analog
`computer, or digital computer.
`(IA/PSE) 446-1987s
`* Deprecated.
`data producer certification The determination by the data pro-
`ducer that data have been verified and validated against doc-
`umented standards of criteria.
`(DIS/C) 1278.3-1996
`data quality See: data integrity.
`data quality objective The qualitative and quantitative state-
`ments that specify the quality of data required to support de-
`cisions for any process requiring radiochemical analysis (ra-
`dioassay).
`(NI) N4-2.23-1995
`data rate (1) The rate at which a data path (e.g., a channel)
`carries data, measured in bits per second.
`(EMB/MIB) 1073.4.1-2000
`(C) 610.7-1995
`(2) See also: transfer rate.
`data reconstruction (date processing) The conversion of a sig-
`nal defined on 21 discrete~time argument to one defined on a
`continuous-time argument.
`(IM) [52]
`data record See: record.
`data recorder The device used to record any type of data.
`(VT) 1475-1999
`data recording The act of recording any type of data.
`(VT) 1475-1999
`data reduction (1) The transformation of raw data into a more
`useful form, for example, smoothing to reduce noise.
`[2]
`(M11)
`(2) (data management) Any technique used to transform
`data from raw data into a more useful form of data. For ex-
`ample, grouping, summing, or averaging related data.
`(C) 610.5-l99OW
`data registry A data dictionary that contains not only dataabout
`data elements in terms of their names, representational fonns,
`and usage in applications, but also substantial data about the
`semantics or meaning associated with the data elements as
`concepts that describe or provide information about real or
`abstract entities. A data registry may contain abstract data
`concepts that do not get directly represented as data elements
`in any application system, but that help in iriforrnation inter-
`change and reuse both from the perspective of human users
`and for machine interpretation of data elements.
`(SCC32) 1489-1999
`data resource A purposely organized body of data that is of
`use to some person or group of people.
`(C) 610.5-l990w
`data retention time See: retention time.
`.
`data rewrite An operation in which data is written into any
`array and that includes one data cycle or at least one data
`change.
`(ED) 1005-1998
`data security The degree to which a collection of data is pro-
`tected from exposure to accidental or malicious alteration or
`destruction. See also: database security; data integrity.
`_
`(C) 610.5-l990w
`data-sensitive fault A fault that causes a failure in response to
`some particular pattern of data. Synonym.‘ pattern-sensitive
`fault. Contrast: program-sensitive fault.
`(C) 61012-1990
`
`Page 6 of 9
`
`

`
`identifier-dependent entity
`
`530
`
`idle symbol
`
`identifier-dependent entity See: dependent entity.
`identifier-independent entity See: independent entity.
`identifiers Names assigned to each of the unique parametric
`data elements in the data file. They cannot be the same as any
`Parametric Data Log (PDL) reserved words. These names can
`be created from any combination of characters with a few
`exceptions:
`a) The space character (i.e., ASCII code 32) may not be used
`unless enclosed in double quotes.
`b) They shall be unique within the file.
`
`(SCC20) 1545-1999
`identifying relationship A kind of specific (not many-to-many)
`relationship in which every attribute in the primary key of the
`parent entity is contained in the primary key of the child en-
`tity. Contrast: nonidentifying relationship.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`identity (1) The Boolean operation whose result has the value
`1 if and only if all the operands have the same value. Note:
`An identity operation on two operands is called an equiva-
`lence operation. Contrast: nonidentity. See also: identity gate.
`(C) 610.10-1994w
`(2) The inherent property of an instance that distinguishes it
`from all other instances. Identity is intrinsic to the instance
`and independent of the instance’s property values or the clas-
`ses to which the instance belongs.
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`identity element See .- identity gate.
`identity friend or foe (IFF) Equipment used for transmitting
`radio signals between two stations located on ships, aircraft,
`or ground, for automatic identification. Notes: 1. The usual
`basic parts of equipment are interrogators, transpondors, and
`responders. 2. Usually the initial letters of the name (IFF) are
`used instead of the full name. See also.‘ radio transmission.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`identity gate A gate that performs the Boolean operation of an
`identity operation. Synonym.’ identity element.
`(C) 610.10-l994w
`identity operation A Boolean operation whose result is true if
`and only if the operands are all true or all false. Note: An
`identity operation on two operands is the same as an equiv-
`alence operation.
`(C) 1084-l986w
`identity simulation A simulation in which the roles of the par-
`ticipants are investigated or defined; for example, a simulation
`that identifies aircraft based on their physical profiles, speed,
`altitude, and acoustic characteristics.
`(C) 610.3-l989w
`identity-style view A View produced using the identity-style
`modeling constructs.
`'
`(C/SE) 1320.2-1998
`I-display A display used in a conical-scan radar, in which a
`target appears as a complete circle when the radar antenna is
`pointed at it and in which the radius of the circle is propor-
`tional to target range. The incorrect aiming of the antenna
`changes the circle to a segment whose arc length is inversely
`proportional to the magnitude of the pointing error, and the
`position of the segment indicates the direction in which the
`antenna should be moved to restore correct aiming.
`
`‘A
`
`I-display
`
`_
`(AES) 686-1997
`
`IDL See: idle.
`idle (1) A signal condition where no transition occurs on the
`transmission line.
`It
`is used to define the time between
`(LM/C) 610.7-1995 ‘
`packets.
`
`'
`
`(2) (software) Pertaining to a system or component that is
`operational and in service, but not in use. See also; down;
`busy; up.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`(3) A signal condition where no transition occurs on the trans-
`mission line, that is used to define the end of a frame and
`ceases to exist after the next L0 or H] transition on the At-
`tachment Unit Interface (AUI) or Media Independent Inter-
`face (MII) circuits. An IDL always begins with a HI signal
`level. A driver is required to send the IDL signal for at least
`2 bit times and a receiver is required to detect IDL within 1.6
`bit times.
`(C/LM) 8023-1998
`(4) (Idle..Up, ldle-Down) A link control signal indicating that
`the sending entity currently has no traffic pending for the
`entity connected to the other end of the linl<.local area net-
`works.
`(C) 8802-12-1998
`idle bar (rotating machinery) An open circuited conductor bar
`in the rotor of a squirrel-cage motor, used to give low starting
`current in a moderate torque motor. See also: rotor.
`
`(PE) [9]
`idle channel code A repetitive pattern (code) to identify an idle
`channel. In some situations this code can produce a signal on
`a channel.
`(COM/TA) 1007-199lr
`idle channel noise (1) The short-term average noise level as
`measured according to IEEE Std 743-1984’. The measurement
`for PTS may be made with fiat or C-message weighting. The
`measurements are made at any analog or digital interface with
`the far end terminated in the appropriate code or imped-
`ance(s).
`(COM/"l"A) 973-l990w
`(2) Noise present on a channel with the distant end terminated
`and no input signal.
`(COM/I‘A) 1007-199lr
`‘idle character A control character that is sent when there is no
`information to be sent.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`idle circuit (telephone loop performance) The condition of a
`transmission channel
`in the talk state when no signal
`is
`present.
`(COM/TA) 820-l984r
`Idle Interrupts Enabled IIE bit A bit in the Slave Status reg-
`ister of every S—module that is set to indicate that the S-mod-
`ule may generate an interrupt during S-idlestates.
`('I'I'/C) 1149.5-1995
`idle packet Four consecutive null bytes, which usually contain
`no information. Idle packets are used to fill the space between
`RamLink packets. They may be used to convey an interrupt
`request.
`(C/MM) 1596.4—1996
`idle period (gas tube) That part of an alternating-voltage cycle
`during which a certain arc path is not carrying current.
`(ED) [45]. [84]
`idler circuit (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocalwaveguide
`components) (parametric device) A portion of a parametric
`device that chiefly determines the behavior of the device at
`an idler frequency. See also: parametric device.
`(MIT) 457-l982w
`idler frequency (nonlinear, active, and nonreciprocal wave-
`guide components) (parametric device) A sum frequency
`(or difference frequency) generated within the parametric de-
`vice other than the input, output, or pump frequencies that
`requires specific circuit consideration to achieve the desired
`device performance. See also: parametric device.
`(MTT) 457-l98‘2w
`‘
`idle slave See: slave.
`idle state (1) Any Link Layer Controller state the name of which
`begins with the uppercase letters IDLE. Such states in the
`MTM-Bus Master Link Layer Controller are called M-idle
`states and in the MTM-Bus Slave Linlc Layer Controller are
`called S-idle states.
`("IT/C) 11495-1995
`(2) The inactive (nontransmitting) state of a serial link trans-
`mitter. The output of an inactive transmitter shall presdht a
`high impedance to a bidirectional serial
`(EMB/MIB) 1073.4.1-2O0O
`‘ idle symbol (1) A symbol that is not inside a packet, and is
`therefore not protected by a CRC. Idle symbols serve to keep
`links running and synchronized when no other data are being
`
`Page 7 of 9
`
`

`
`signal-to-interference ratio
`
`1051
`
`signed
`
`plitude by at least 50 dB with a 1010 Hz notch filter.
`(COM/TA) 973-l990w
`signal-to-interference ratio The ratio of the magnitude of the
`signal to that of the interference or noise. Note: The ratio may
`be in terms of peak values or root-mean-square values and is
`often expressed in decibels. The ratio may be a function of
`the bandwidth of the system. See also: signal.
`(IE) [43]
`signal-to-noise ratio (1) (video magnetic-tape recording sys-
`tems) The ratio of the peak-to-peak amplitude of the video
`luminance signal from blanking level to reference white level
`(100 IRE units), 714 rnegavolts (mV) to the root-mean-square
`(rms) amplitude of the random noise, expressed in decibels.
`SNR = 20log,0 QEN
`A
`where
`Ev = peak-to-peak amplitude of the maximum video
`luminance component (714 mV)
`EN = rrns amplitude of random noise.
`Notes: 1. Unless otherwise specified, the definition for signal-
`to-noise is as defined here.
`(ET) 618-1984w
`(2) (camera tubes) The ratio of peak-to-peak signal output
`current to root-mean-square noise in the output current. Nate:
`Magnitude is usually not measured in tubes where the signal
`output is taken from target. See also: camera tube; television.
`(PE/EEC) [119]
`(3) (television transmission) The signal-to-noise ratio at any
`point is the ratio in decibels of the maximum peak-to-peak
`voltage of the video television signal, including synchroniz-
`ing pulse, to the root-mean-square voltage of the noise. Note.‘
`The signal-to-noise ratio is defined in this way because of the
`difficulty of defining the root-mean-square value of the video
`signal or the peak-to-peak value of random noise. See also.’
`television.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`(4) (mobile communication) The ratio of a specified speech-
`energy spectrum to the energy of the noise in the same spec-
`trum. See also: television.
`(VT) [37]
`(5) (sound recording and reproducing system) The ratio of
`the signal power output to the noise power in the entir_e pass
`band.
`191-l953w
`(6) (digital delay line) Ratio of the peak amplitude of the
`output doublet to the maximum peak of any noise response
`(or signal) outside of the doublet interval. (Includes over-
`shoot.)
`(UFFC) [22]
`(7) (speech quality measurements) In decibels of a speech
`signal, the difference between its speech level and the noise
`level.
`297-l.969W
`(8) (overhead-power-line corona and radidnoise) The ratio ‘
`of the value of the signal to that of the noise. Notes: 1. This
`ratio is usually in terms of measured peak values in the case
`of impulse noise and in terms of the root-mean-square (rms)
`values in the case of random noise. 2. Where there is a. pos-
`sibility of ambiguity, suitable definitions of the signal and
`noise should be associated with this term; as, for example,
`peak signal to peak noise ratio, rrns signal to rrns noise ratio,
`peak-to-peak signal to peak-to-peak noise ratio, etc. In mea-
`surements of transmission line noise in the AM frequency
`range, the ratio of average station signal level to quasi-peak
`line noise level is generally used. 3. This ratio often may be
`expressed in decibels (dB). 4. This ratio may be afunction of
`the bandwidth of the transmission or measuring system.
`(PE/T&D/AP/ANT) 539-1990, 599-1985w, 145-1993
`(9) The ratio of a signal to the noise.
`.
`(IM/WM&A) 1057-l994w
`(10) The ratio of relative power of the usable signal to the
`noise present, expressed in decibels.
`.
`(C) 6107-1995, 610.10-1994-w
`(11) The ratio in dB of the power of a single- or multiple-
`tone test signal to the power of the background noise (after a
`D Filter) not related to the application of the test signal, plus
`all spurious signals resulting from the application of the test
`signal, except for 2nd-order and 3rd-order intermodulation
`(IMD) distortion.
`(COM/TA) 743-1995
`
`’
`
`(12) “Signal“ refers to peak signal and “noise" refers to mis
`noise.
`(NPS) 325-1996
`(13) In radar, the ratio of the power corresponding to a. spec-
`ified target measured at some point in the receiver to the noise
`power at the same point in the absence of the received signal.
`(ABS) 686-1997
`signal-to-total-distortion ratio (S/TD) The ratio in dB of the
`power of a single or multiple-tone test signal to the power of
`all spurious signals (after a D Filter) resulting from the ap-
`plication of the test signal plus the power fiom background
`noise.
`(COM/TA) 743-1995
`signal transfer characteristic (diode-type camera tube) The
`relationship between the input image irradiance incident on
`the camera tube and the resulting output current signal. It is
`presented as a plot of the logarithm of the output signal as a
`function of the logarithm of the input signal.
`(ED) 503-1978w
`signal-transfer point (telephone switching systems) A switch-
`ing entity where common channel signaling facilities are in-
`terconnected.
`(COM) 312-l977w
`signal transition distortion The deviation from the ideal time
`between signal transitions of a signal on a serial communi-
`cation link. Contributing factors to signal transition distortion
`include clock oscillator frequency differences, variations in
`transmitter delay times and rise/fall times, and phase shifts
`introduced by cables. For a 1 Mb /s Manchester-encoded sig-
`nal, the ideal times between transitions are 500 ns and 1 us.
`A transition is defined as the time that a differential signal
`passes through 0 V.
`(EMB/MEB) 1073.4.l-2000
`signal transmission system See.‘ carrier.
`signal, TV waveform See: TV waveform signal.
`signal, unit-impulse See: unit-impulse signal.
`signal, unit-ramp See.’ unit-ramp signal.
`signal, unit-step See: unit-step signal.
`signal wave A wave Whose shape conveys some intelligence,
`message, or effect.
`[53]
`signal winding (input winding) (saturable reactor) A control
`winding to which the independent variable (signal wave) is
`applied.
`(EEC/PE) [119]
`signal word The word or words that designate a degree of safety
`alerting. The words shall always be located in a disfinctive
`panel located in the uppermost portion of a safety sign or
`label.
`(NIR/SCC28) C95.2-1999
`signature (1) Those characteristics of a waveform that help
`identify an event or conditions.
`(SWG/PE) C37.100-1992
`(2) A statement of what the interface to a responsibility “looks
`like." A signature consists of the responsibility name, along
`with a property operator and the number and type of its ar-
`guments, if any. A type (class) may be specified for each
`argument in order to limit the argument values to being in-
`stances of that class.
`(C/SE)‘ 1320.2-1998
`signature analysis A technique for compressing a. sequence of
`logic values output from a circuit under test into a small num-
`ber of bits of data (signature) that, when compared to stored
`data, will indicate the presence or absence of faults in the
`circuit.
`(TT/C) 1149.1-1990
`signature diagnosis (test, measurement, and diagnostic
`equipment) The examination of signature of an equipment
`for deviation from known or expected characteristics and con-
`sequent determination of the nature and location of malfunc-
`tions.
`(lM/WM&A) 194-1977w
`sign bit A binary digit used to indicate the algebraic sign of a
`number.
`(C) 1084-1986w
`sign character A character within a picture specification that
`represents the sign of a data item.'N0te: S, +, and ~ are
`commonly used as sign characters.
`(C) 6lO.5—l99OW
`sign digit (electronic computation) A character used to des-
`ignate the algebraic sign of a number.
`,
`(C) 162-l963w, 1084-l986w
`signed (1) Pertaining to a representation of a number with which
`an algebraic sign is associated.
`(C) 610.5-1990w
`
`Page 8 of 9
`
`

`
`test board
`
`ll66
`
`test event
`
`test board A switchboard equipped with testing apparatus so
`arranged that connections can be made from it to telephone
`lines or central-office equipment for testing purposes.
`(COM) [48]
`test bus interface circuit (TBIC) A circuit module that allows
`an internal analog test bus in an integrated circuit to be iso-
`lated from or connected to the pins in the analog test access
`port (ATAP). See also: analog test access port.
`(CfI‘T) 1149.4-1999
`test bypass A mode of testing whereby the safety group under
`test is designed to permit any one channel or load group to
`be maintained, tested or calibrated during power operation,
`without initiating a protective action of the safety group.
`(PE/NP) 338-1987r
`test cabinet (for a switchgear assembly) An assembly of a
`cabinet containing permanent electric connections, with cable
`connections to a contact box arranged to make connection to
`the secondary contacts on an electrically operated removable
`element, permitting operation and testing of the removable
`element when removed from the housing. It includes the nec-
`essary control switch and closing relay, if required.
`(SWG/FE) C37.l00-1992
`test call (telephone switching systems) A call made to deter-
`mine if circuits or equipment are performing properly.
`(COM) 312-1977w
`test cap A protective structure that is placed over the exposed
`end of the cable to seal the sheath or other covering com-
`pletely against the entrance of dirt, moisture, air, or other
`foreign substances. Note: Test caps are often provided with
`facilities for vacuum treatment, oil filling, or other special
`field operations. See also: live cable test cap.
`‘
`(T&D/PE) [10]
`test case (1) (software) A set of test inputs, execution condi-
`tions, and expected results developed for a particular objec-
`tive, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify
`compliance with a specific requirement.
`(C/Std100) 610.12-1990
`(2) Documentation that specifies inputs, predicted results, and
`a set of execution conditions for a test item.
`.
`(C/SE) 1012-1998, 610.12-1990
`test case generator (software) A software tool that accepts as
`input source code, test criteria, specifications, or data structure
`definitions; uses these inputs to generate test input data; and,
`. sometimes, deterrnines-expected results. Synonyms.‘ test gen-
`erator; test data generator. See also .‘ automated test generator.
`(C) 610.12-1990
`test case specification (1) (software) A document that specifies
`the test inputs, execution co