`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`BLITZSAFE TEXAS, LLC,
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`Case IPR2016-00418
`Patent 8,155,342
`
`PETITIONER'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER'S
`RESPONSE TO PETITION
`
`
`
`
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`TOYOTA'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
`Case IPR2016-00418
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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`I.
`
`II.
`
`INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1
`
`CLAIMS 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-
`111, 113, 115, AND 120 ARE INVALID BY THE INSTITUTED
`GROUNDS ............................................................................................................................... 1
`
`1.
`
`Clayton Discloses "Audio Generated By The Portable
`Device" .........................................................................................................1
`
`III.
`
`CLAYTON IS PRIOR ART TO THE '342 PATENT ............................................................ 8
`
`1.
`
`Blitzsafe's Priority Documents and Drafts Do Not Support
`The "Audio Generated By The Portable Device" Limitation
`of The '342 Patent Claims ............................................................................8
`
`CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 16
`
`IV.
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`
`ii
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`UPDATED PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS LIST
`
`Description
`U.S. Patent No. 8,155,342 ("the '342 patent")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0181963 ("Clayton")
`U.S. Provisional Application No.
`60/651,963
`("Clayton
`Provisional")
`U.S. Patent No. 6,559,773 ("Berry")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0215102 ("Marlowe")
`U.S. Patent No. 6,421,305 ("Gioscia")
`Claim Construction Ruling in Marlowe Patent Holdings LLC v.
`DICE Electronics, LLC et al., 3:10-cv-01199 (D. NJ) and Marlowe
`Patent Holdings LLC v. Ford Motor Company, 3:10-cv-07044 (D.
`NJ)
`U.S. Patent Application No. 11/475,847 ("the '847 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 11/071,667 ("the '667 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 10/732,909 ("the '909 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 10/316,961 ("the '961 application")
`Highlighted '342 Patent (Showing the New Matter)
`Infringement
`Plaintiff's Disclosure of Asserted Claims and
`Contentions, served in Blitzsafe Texas, LLC v. Toyota Motor Corp.
`et al., 2-15-cv-01277 (E.D. TX)
`File History of the '342 Patent
`1999 ID3v2.3 Metadata Standard (1999)
`Declaration of Dr. Thomas Matheson
`Canadian Patent Application Publication No. CA 2347648
`("Kandler")
`International Publication No. WO 01/67266 A1 ("Lau")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001/0028717 ("Ohmura")
`Bluetooth ESDP for UPnP (2001)
`Universal Plug and Play Device Architecture (2000)
`Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
`A2DP 1.0 Protocol
`Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 9) in IPR2016-00419
`
`iii
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`
`
`Exhibit
`1001
`1002
`1003
`
`1004
`1005
`1006
`1007
`
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
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`1014
`1015
`1016
`1017
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`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
`1023
`1024
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`
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`TOYOTA'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`1025
`1026
`1027
`
`Decision on Request for Rehearing (Paper 15) in IPR2016-00419
`Deposition Transcript of Ira Marlowe
`Reply Declaration of Dr. Thomas Matheson
`
`
`
`iv
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`
`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Petitioner Toyota Motor Corporation (“Toyota” or “Petitioner”) timely
`
`submits this “Petitioner's Reply to Patent Owner Response” (“Reply”) in response
`
`to the “Patent Owner’s Response” (Paper 20) filed by Blitzsafe Texas, LLC
`
`(“Blitzsafe” or "Patent Owner") on September 30, 2016. Petitioner respectfully
`
`requests entry and consideration of this Reply, and a final determination that
`
`claims 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-111, 113,
`
`115, and 120 ("Challenged Claims") are invalid and canceled.
`
`II. CLAIMS 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-
`111, 113, 115, AND 120 ARE INVALID BY THE INSTITUTED
`GROUNDS
`1. Clayton Discloses "Audio Generated By The Portable
`Device"
`
`In its Patent Owner's Response (Paper 20), Blitzsafe alleges only one
`
`distinction over the prior art: "Clayton does not teach or disclose an integration
`
`subsystem that receives 'audio generated by the portable device.'" Paper 20 at 1.
`
`In a related IPR applying the Ohmura reference (US2001/0028717), the Board
`
`interpreted this "audio generated" claim limitation to require that the audio be
`
`decoded on the portable device, and denied institution on this basis. Decision on
`
`Request for Rehearing (Paper 15) in IPR2016-00419 (Ex. 1026) at 5 (August 31,
`
`2016). Citing to this construction, Blitzsafe argues that "Clayton does not teach or
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`disclose decoding audio on a portable device for subsequent wireless transfer to a
`
`car audio video system as required by the claims." Paper 20 at 2. However, as will
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`be set forth below, Clayton plainly discloses an embodiment whereby the
`
`"streaming audio" is "unencoded," i.e., decoded. Ex. 1002 ("Clayton") at ¶55
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`(cited by Institution Decision (Paper 13) at 31). As the sole distinction argued by
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`Blitzsafe over the art is plainly contradicted by the explicit disclosure of Clayton,
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`all of the Challenged Claims are invalid.
`
`a. Clayton Discloses an Embodiment in Which
`Audio Is Streamed as Decoded Audio
`
`In the Institution Decision, the Board cites to paragraph 55 (among others)
`
`of Clayton and concludes that "Clayton's wireless interface 173 (i.e., the claimed
`
`'integration subsystem') also receives the 'audio generated by the portable device,'
`
`via a wireless communication link, for playing on car audio/video system 143, as
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`recited in each of independent claims 49, 73, 97, and 120." Paper 13 at 31.
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`Blitzsafe disagrees and argues that paragraph 55 of Clayton does not disclose
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`decoding in the portable device but instead "explicitly states that the decoding is
`
`performed in the interface." Paper 20 at 15. Blitzsafe's characteriztion of
`
`paragraph 55 is belied by its plain language:
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`In one embodiment, the cellular telephone 142 is suitably-
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`enabled to wirelessly transmit content and command/control
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`signals, encoded or unencoded, via the aforementioned wireless
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`proximity network to the wireless adaptor 173. In turn, the
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`wireless adaptor 173 provides any needed signal conversion or
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`decoding of such content and command/controls for forwarding
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`to the car audio system 143. Thus, the wireless adaptor 173
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`provides an interface that allows the cellular telephone 142 to
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`transmit stored content to the car audio system 143 for content
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`playback by the car radio component.
`
`Ex. 1002 at ¶55.
`
`As can be seen above, Clayton expressly discloses that the streaming audio
`
`may be encoded or unencoded (i.e., decoded). Here, unencoded is synonymous
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`with decoded and, from the perspective of the claimed "integration subsystem,"
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`there is no difference whatsoever between unencoded and decoded content.
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`Matheson Reply Decl. (Ex. 1027) at 4. Despite this, Blitzsafe misinterprets
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`paragraph 55 to require that decoding take place in the wireless adaptor 173,
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`thereby implying that the streaming audio is encoded. Blitzsafe's strained reading
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`ignores the express language of the paragraph, namely, that the wirelessly
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`transmitted content may be unencoded. While Clayton also states that the wireless
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`adaptor 173 provides "any needed" signal conversion or decoding of the content,
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`that certainly does not mandate decoding by the wireless adaptor 173 in every
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`embodiment or in every instance. Rather, decoding is only performed when
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`needed. If the audio is streamed as unencoded/decoded content, there would be no
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`needed audio decoding and the wireless adaptor 173 would only have to perform a
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`digital-to-analog signal conversion/decoding. Id. at 4.
`
`Moreover, the unencoded audio streamed by the portable device according
`
`to Clayton is decoded by the portable device itself. In particular, Clayton discloses
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`that the streaming audio may be audio from MP3 files, e.g., received from a
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`content providing server. Ex. 1002 at ¶¶14, 18, 36, 45, and 50. If "unencoded"
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`audio is wirelessly transmitted from an MP3 file as taught by Clayton, a person
`
`having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the portable device must
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`necessarily decode the MP3 file (e.g., to a digitally-encoded waveform) before
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`wirelessly transmitting it as "unencoded" audio. Ex. 1027 at 5.
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`b. The Clayton Provisional Confirms That The
`"Streaming Audio" Can Be in a Decoded
`Format
`
`Blitzsafe argues that "the Clayton provisional application does not support
`
`the teaching or disclosure of the 'audio generated by the portable device'
`
`limitation." Paper 20 at 17. However, the Clayton Provisional does in fact provide
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`support for at least one claim of Clayton and does in fact disclose the transmission
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`of audio in a .WAV format, i.e., a digitally-encoded waveform. Ex. 1003 at 171,
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`526, 546, 602, and 605; Ex. 1027 at 8-9. Blitzsafe itself has specifically admitted
`
`that a digitally-encoded waveform (which is decoded at the car stereo to the analog
`
`waveform) is "audio generated by the portable device":
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` Paper 20 at 13 (citing Ex. 2001 at Fig. 2).
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`According to Blitzsafe, Case 2 above falls within the scope of the claims
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`because audio is transmitted in a decoded format (i.e., as a "digitally-encoded
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`waveform" such as a .WAV format). Paper 20 at 12 and Ex. 2001 at ¶55.
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`c. Clayton Discloses Another Embodiment in
`Which Audio is Streamed via the Bluetooth
`A2DP Protocol
`
`In another embodiment, Clayton discloses audio streaming via any of the
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`Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP), the Serial Port Profile (SPP), or the
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`Personal Area Network (PAN) profile of the Bluetooth standard. Ex. 1002 at ¶62.
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`Blitzsafe argues that none of these profiles streams "audio generated by the
`
`portable device" because the portable device does not perform any decoding.
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`Paper 20 at 13-15. Blitzsafe specifically singles out the A2DP profile, and argues
`
`that the portable device implementing this profile does not decode the audio. Id.
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`However, as Blitzsafe was made fully aware in a related IPR, the A2DP profile
`
`does in fact require the ability to decode in the portable device prior to streaming
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`audio, in order to ensure interoperability. Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
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`(Ex. 1022) at 70 (citing A2DP 1.0 Protocol (Ex. 1023) at 18-19):
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`A2DP 1.0 Protocol (Ex. 1023) at 19 (cited by Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
`(Ex. 1022) at 70)
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`Since in order to comply with the A2DP standard, the A2DP embodiment of
`
`Clayton necessarily includes a decoder for wireless streaming, this embodiment is
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`structurally indistinct from Blitzsafe's interpretation of the '342 Patent claims
`
`whereby a decoder is required in the portable device. Ex. 1027 at 6-7.
`
`III. CLAYTON IS PRIOR ART TO THE '342 PATENT
`
`1. Blitzsafe's Priority Documents and Drafts Do Not Support
`The "Audio Generated By The Portable Device" Limitation
`of The '342 Patent Claims
`
`Blitzsafe argues that its 2005 continuation-in-part Application No.
`
`11/071,667 ("the '667 Application") (Ex. 2003) provides a constructive reduction
`
`to practice of the Challenged Claims and therefore antedates Clayton. Paper 20 at
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`8
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`19-42. Blitzsafe further argues that drafts of the '667 Application evidence
`
`conception of the claimed subject matter prior to the dates of the Clayton
`
`provisional applications. Id. at 42-44. However, Blitzsafe is incorrect on both
`
`accounts as the '667 Application and its drafts fail to describe the "audio generated
`
`by the portable device over said wireless communication link" claim limitation.
`
`Thus, the priority date of the Challenged Claims cannot be before June 27, 2006,
`
`i.e., the '342 Patent's filing date, and certainly not before December 8, 2005, i.e.,
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`Clayton's non-provisional filing date.
`
`a.
`
`Blitzsafe's Prior Inventorship Evidence
`Discloses No More Than the Prior Art Ohmura
`Reference
`As support for the "audio generated" claim limitation, Blitzsafe and its
`
`expert point to one paragraph of the '667 Application:
`
`The device 635 can be controlled using the control
`[0128]
`panel buttons 620 of the car stereo or video system 610, and
`information from the device 635 is formatted by the interface 630
`and displayed in the display 615 of the car stereo or video system
`610. Additionally, control commands generated at the car stereo
`or car video device 610 are converted by the interface 630 into a
`format (protocol) compatible with the multimedia device 635,
`and are dispatched thereto for execution. A plurality of
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`multimedia devices could be intergrated using the interface 630,
`as well as one or more auxiliary input sources 640. The after-
`market device 635 could comprise any audio, video, or
`telecommunications device, including, but not limited to, a CD
`player, CD changer, digital media player (e.g., MP3 player, MP4
`player, WMV player, Apple iPod, or any other player), satellite
`radio (e.g., XM, Sirius, Delphi, etc.), video device (e.g., DVD
`player), cellular telephone, or any other type of device or
`combinations thereof. Additionally, one or more interfaces could
`be connected to the interface 630 (“daisy-chained”) to allow
`multiple products to be integrated. The device 600 could include
`one or more of the circuits disclosed in FIGS. 3 a-3 d and
`modified depending upon the type of the after-market device 635.
`Ex. 2003 at ¶128 (cited by Paper 20 at 25-26 and Ex. 2001 at 38).
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`As an initial matter, missing is any suggestion that the communicated audio
`
`is "audio generated by the portable device." The "audio generated" language first
`
`appears in the '342 Patent, and not before.
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`The absence of any disclosure in the '667 Application of a wireless
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`transmission of "audio generated by the portable device" is notable. Blitzsafe has
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`emphatically argued and analyzed this limitation as the basis for distinguishing
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`over the prior art across multiple different IPRs of the '342 Patent. See, e.g., Paper
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`10
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`20 at 2; Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 9) in IPR2016-00419 (Ex.
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`1024) at p. 21; Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 11) in IPR2016-01476
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`at pp. 2-3 and 22. Indeed, Blitzsafe argued to this Board that Ohmura's disclosure
`
`of audio streaming over Bluetooth from a portable device (such as a CD player, an
`
`MP3 player, etc.) to a car stereo in response to a play instruction (Ex. 1019 at FIG.
`
`2 and ¶¶ 85-88 and 205) does not meet the "audio generated" claim requirement
`
`because the reference lacks an explicit disclosure of decoding in the portable
`
`device for wireless streaming. Ex. 1024 at p. 21. The Board agreed with Blitzsafe
`
`and denied rehearing on this basis. Ex. 1025 at pp. 5-6.
`
`Tellingly, Blitzsafe and its expert decline to offer any explanation or
`
`analysis of this claim limitation with reference to the '667 Application. This is
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`because the '667 Application discloses no more than Ohmura as relates to audio
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`over a wireless link, and in fact provides much less detail than Ohmura. For
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`example, while Ohmura specifies that the car stereo plays the Bluetooth-
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`transmitted audio immediately without storing it (Ex. 1019 at ¶205), the '667
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`Application makes only a sparse mention of Bluetooth as a possible
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`communication means. Ex. 2003 at ¶126. Certainly, there is no mention
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`whatsoever in the '667 Application of any decoding in the portable device prior to
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`Bluetooth transmission. Ex. 1027 at 10-12.
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`For the same reason that this Board found Ohmura lacking in showing the
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`"audio generated… over said wireless communication link" claim limitation, so too
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`must the Board find with respect to the '667 Application. Ex. 1027 at 10-12; see,
`
`e.g., MPEP 2138.05(I) ("[t]he written description must be sufficient, when the
`
`entire specification is considered, such that the 'necessary and only reasonable
`
`construction' that would be given it by a person skilled in the art is one that clearly
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`supports each positive limitation"), quoting Hyatt v. Boone, 146 F.3d at 1354-55,
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`47 USPQ2d at 1130-1132 (Fed. Cir. 1998); see also MPEP 715.07.
`
`b. Blitzsafe's Reduction to Practice Evidence Does
`Not Show Possession of the Claimed Invention
`
`Evidence of a constructive reduction to practice must comply with the
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`written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. 112(a)/first paragraph. MPEP
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`2138.05(I). To satisfy this requirement, an application of which benefit is sought
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`"must describe the claimed invention in sufficient detail that one skilled in the art
`
`can reasonably conclude that the inventor had possession of the claimed
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`invention." MPEP 2163(I), citing Moba, B.V. v. Diamond Automation, Inc., 325
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`F.3d 1306, 1319, 66 USPQ2d 1429, 1438 (Fed. Cir. 2003).
`
`However, the '667 Application fails to convey to one of ordinary skill in the
`
`art that Ira Marlowe had possession in 2005 of "audio generated… over said
`
`wireless communication link." Ex. 1027 at 10-12. As noted above, the '667
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`Application and its drafts do not describe "audio generated… over said wireless
`
`communication link," and the "audio generated" language was later added in the
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`'342 Patent. Indeed, Mr. Marlowe could not explain during his deposition what is
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`meant by "audio generated," could not answer whether "any of those inventions [in
`
`the '667 Application] include the feature of audio generated by the portable
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`device," and could not point to any particular support for this feature in the '667
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`Application. Ex. 1026 (103:23-104:19). For example:
`
`Q.
`
`Do any of the inventions that you just referred to that
`
`are described… or claimed in the '667 application, do any of
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`those inventions include the feature of audio generated by the
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`portable device?
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`MR. LAMBRIANAKOS: Objection, relevancy and calls for
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`a legal conclusion.
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`Q.
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`He's not instructing you not to answer, he made his
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`objection.
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`A.
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`I'm not an attorney, I can't make a legal conclusion.
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`Id. at 103:23-104:10.1
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`If the inventor himself cannot explain or point to any disclosure in the '667
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`Application of "audio generated… over said wireless communication link," then it
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`goes without saying that this earlier application fails to convey that he had
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`possession of this critical claim limitation.
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`Furthermore, to comply with the written description requirement when an
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`explicit limitation in a claim “is not present in the written description whose
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`benefit is sought it must be shown that a person of ordinary skill would have
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`understood, at the time the patent application was filed, that the description
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`requires that limitation” (emphasis added). Hyatt, 146 F.3d at 1353, 47 USPQ2d
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`at 1131, quoted by MPEP 2163(II)(A)(3)(b). Despite this requirement, Blitzsafe
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`and both of its Declarants (the inventor Ira Marlowe and Blitzsafe's expert Dr.
`
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`1 Mr. Marlowe's inability to answer basic questions on conception and reduction to
`practice was particularly exacerbated by excessive speaking objections raised by
`Blitzsafe's counsel throughout his deposition, as evidenced by the cited testimony.
`See, e.g., Ex. 1026 at 35:7-13, 33:9-13, 51:2-4, 52:17-53:18, 103:23-104:19.
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`Richard Stern) have provided no showing whatsoever that a person of ordinary
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`skill in the art would have understood that the '667 Application requires "audio
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`generated… over said wireless communication link." Ex. 1027 at 10-12. Instead,
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`Dr. Stern points only to the aforementioned single paragraph in the '667
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`Application that is unrelated to "audio generated" by a portable device, let alone
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`over a wireless communication link. Ex. 2003 at ¶128 (cited by Paper 20 at 25-26
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`and Ex. 2001 at 38). Thus, Blitzsafe has failed to meet its evidentiary burden to
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`antedate the Clayton reference.
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`c.
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`Blitzsafe's Prior Conception Evidence Does Not
`Show Conception of "Audio Generated… Over
`Said Wireless Communication Link"
`"[E]stablishing conception requires evidence that the inventor actually made
`
`the invention and understood the invention to have the features that comprise the
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`inventive subject matter at issue." MPEP 2138.04(III), citing Invitrogen,Corp. v.
`
`Clontech Laboratories, Inc., 429 F.3d 1052, 1064, 77 USPQ2d 1161, 1169 (Fed.
`
`Cir. 2005). In other words, "[t]here must be a contemporaneous recognition and
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`appreciation of the invention for there to be conception." Id., citing Silvestri v.
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`Grant, 496 F.2d 593, 596, 181 USPQ 706, 708 (CCPA 1974); see also MPEP
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`715.07.
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`Blitzsafe's prior conception evidence, i.e., drafts of the '667 Application,
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`plainly lacks any appreciation or understanding by Mr. Marlowe of decoded or
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`generated audio over a wireless communication link. Ex. 1027 at 12. Rather,
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`these drafts - like the '667 Application - have only a single passing reference to
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`Bluetooth as a possible communication means, with no suggestion of any decoding
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`in the portable device prior to Bluetooth transmission. See, e.g., Ex. 2005 at p. 56.
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`Notably, Mr. Marlowe admitted that he apparently does not even understand this
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`claim feature during his deposition:
`
`Q. Do you understand the concept of audio generated as used in
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`this [Inter Partes] Review?
`
`A. I can't say I do.
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`Ex. 1026 at 33:5-8.
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`Rather than prove prior conception, the evidence of record only
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`demonstrates that the inventor did not and apparently does not to this day
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`appreciate the "audio generated" claim limitation.
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`IV. CONCLUSION
`For the reasons set forth above and in the Petition, Toyota respectfully
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`requests that the Challenged Claims be invalidated.
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`Sughrue Mion, PLLC
`CUSTOMER NUMBER: 23373
`Date: December 29, 2016
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`Respectfully submitted,
`
`/William H. Mandir /
`William H. Mandir
`Registration No. 32,156
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`CERTIFICATION UNDER 37 CFR § 42.24(d)
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`Under the provisions of 37 CFR §42.24(d), the undersigned hereby certifies
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`that the word count for the foregoing Petitioner Reply to Patent Owner Response
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`totals 2,818, which is less than the 5,600 allowed under 37 CFR §42.24(c)(2). The
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`word count was prepared using Microsoft Word 2016.
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`Dated: December 29, 2016
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`Respectfully submitted,
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`/Fadi N. Kiblawi/
`Fadi N. Kiblawi
`Registration No. 61,973
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`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
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`The undersigned certifies that a copy of the attached PETITIONER'S
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`REPLY TO PATENT OWNER'S RESPONSE in Case IPR2016-00418 and this
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`Certificate of Service are being served on December 29, 2016 by electronic mail
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`upon the following:
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`Peter Lambrianakos
`Alfred Fabricant
`plambrianakos@brownrudnick.com
`afabricant@brownrudnick.com
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`Date: December 29, 2016
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`Respectfully submitted,
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` /Fadi N. Kiblawi/
`Fadi N. Kiblawi
`Registration No. 61,973