throbber
UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE
`
`BEFORE THE PATENT TRIAL AND APPEAL BOARD
`
`TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION,
`Petitioner,
`
`v.
`
`BLITZSAFE TEXAS, LLC,
`Patent Owner
`
`
`
`Case IPR2016-00418
`Patent 8,155,342
`
`PETITIONER'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER'S
`RESPONSE TO PETITION
`
`
`
`

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`TOYOTA'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
`Case IPR2016-00418
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`
`TABLE OF CONTENTS
`
`I. 
`
`II. 
`
`INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 1 
`
`CLAIMS 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-
`111, 113, 115, AND 120 ARE INVALID BY THE INSTITUTED
`GROUNDS ............................................................................................................................... 1 
`
`1. 
`
`Clayton Discloses "Audio Generated By The Portable
`Device" .........................................................................................................1 
`
`III. 
`
`CLAYTON IS PRIOR ART TO THE '342 PATENT ............................................................ 8 
`
`1. 
`
`Blitzsafe's Priority Documents and Drafts Do Not Support
`The "Audio Generated By The Portable Device" Limitation
`of The '342 Patent Claims ............................................................................8 
`
`CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................... 16 
`
`IV. 
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`
`ii
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`UPDATED PETITIONER'S EXHIBITS LIST
`
`Description
`U.S. Patent No. 8,155,342 ("the '342 patent")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0181963 ("Clayton")
`U.S. Provisional Application No.
`60/651,963
`("Clayton
`Provisional")
`U.S. Patent No. 6,559,773 ("Berry")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2003/0215102 ("Marlowe")
`U.S. Patent No. 6,421,305 ("Gioscia")
`Claim Construction Ruling in Marlowe Patent Holdings LLC v.
`DICE Electronics, LLC et al., 3:10-cv-01199 (D. NJ) and Marlowe
`Patent Holdings LLC v. Ford Motor Company, 3:10-cv-07044 (D.
`NJ)
`U.S. Patent Application No. 11/475,847 ("the '847 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 11/071,667 ("the '667 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 10/732,909 ("the '909 application")
`U.S. Patent Application No. 10/316,961 ("the '961 application")
`Highlighted '342 Patent (Showing the New Matter)
`Infringement
`Plaintiff's Disclosure of Asserted Claims and
`Contentions, served in Blitzsafe Texas, LLC v. Toyota Motor Corp.
`et al., 2-15-cv-01277 (E.D. TX)
`File History of the '342 Patent
`1999 ID3v2.3 Metadata Standard (1999)
`Declaration of Dr. Thomas Matheson
`Canadian Patent Application Publication No. CA 2347648
`("Kandler")
`International Publication No. WO 01/67266 A1 ("Lau")
`U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2001/0028717 ("Ohmura")
`Bluetooth ESDP for UPnP (2001)
`Universal Plug and Play Device Architecture (2000)
`Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
`A2DP 1.0 Protocol
`Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 9) in IPR2016-00419
`
`iii
`
`
`
`Exhibit
`1001
`1002
`1003
`
`1004
`1005
`1006
`1007
`
`1008
`1009
`1010
`1011
`1012
`1013
`
`1014
`1015
`1016
`1017
`
`1018
`1019
`1020
`1021
`1022
`1023
`1024
`
`

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`TOYOTA'S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
`Case IPR2016-00418
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`1025
`1026
`1027
`
`Decision on Request for Rehearing (Paper 15) in IPR2016-00419
`Deposition Transcript of Ira Marlowe
`Reply Declaration of Dr. Thomas Matheson
`
`
`
`iv
`
`

`
`
`I.
`
`INTRODUCTION
`
`Petitioner Toyota Motor Corporation (“Toyota” or “Petitioner”) timely
`
`submits this “Petitioner's Reply to Patent Owner Response” (“Reply”) in response
`
`to the “Patent Owner’s Response” (Paper 20) filed by Blitzsafe Texas, LLC
`
`(“Blitzsafe” or "Patent Owner") on September 30, 2016. Petitioner respectfully
`
`requests entry and consideration of this Reply, and a final determination that
`
`claims 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-111, 113,
`
`115, and 120 ("Challenged Claims") are invalid and canceled.
`
`II. CLAIMS 49-57, 62-64, 66, 68, 70, 71, 73-80, 94, 95, 97, 99-103, 106, 109-
`111, 113, 115, AND 120 ARE INVALID BY THE INSTITUTED
`GROUNDS
`1. Clayton Discloses "Audio Generated By The Portable
`Device"
`
`In its Patent Owner's Response (Paper 20), Blitzsafe alleges only one
`
`distinction over the prior art: "Clayton does not teach or disclose an integration
`
`subsystem that receives 'audio generated by the portable device.'" Paper 20 at 1.
`
`In a related IPR applying the Ohmura reference (US2001/0028717), the Board
`
`interpreted this "audio generated" claim limitation to require that the audio be
`
`decoded on the portable device, and denied institution on this basis. Decision on
`
`Request for Rehearing (Paper 15) in IPR2016-00419 (Ex. 1026) at 5 (August 31,
`
`2016). Citing to this construction, Blitzsafe argues that "Clayton does not teach or
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`disclose decoding audio on a portable device for subsequent wireless transfer to a
`
`car audio video system as required by the claims." Paper 20 at 2. However, as will
`
`be set forth below, Clayton plainly discloses an embodiment whereby the
`
`"streaming audio" is "unencoded," i.e., decoded. Ex. 1002 ("Clayton") at ¶55
`
`(cited by Institution Decision (Paper 13) at 31). As the sole distinction argued by
`
`Blitzsafe over the art is plainly contradicted by the explicit disclosure of Clayton,
`
`all of the Challenged Claims are invalid.
`
`a. Clayton Discloses an Embodiment in Which
`Audio Is Streamed as Decoded Audio
`
`In the Institution Decision, the Board cites to paragraph 55 (among others)
`
`of Clayton and concludes that "Clayton's wireless interface 173 (i.e., the claimed
`
`'integration subsystem') also receives the 'audio generated by the portable device,'
`
`via a wireless communication link, for playing on car audio/video system 143, as
`
`recited in each of independent claims 49, 73, 97, and 120." Paper 13 at 31.
`
`Blitzsafe disagrees and argues that paragraph 55 of Clayton does not disclose
`
`decoding in the portable device but instead "explicitly states that the decoding is
`
`performed in the interface." Paper 20 at 15. Blitzsafe's characteriztion of
`
`paragraph 55 is belied by its plain language:
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`2
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`In one embodiment, the cellular telephone 142 is suitably-
`
`enabled to wirelessly transmit content and command/control
`
`signals, encoded or unencoded, via the aforementioned wireless
`
`proximity network to the wireless adaptor 173. In turn, the
`
`wireless adaptor 173 provides any needed signal conversion or
`
`decoding of such content and command/controls for forwarding
`
`to the car audio system 143. Thus, the wireless adaptor 173
`
`provides an interface that allows the cellular telephone 142 to
`
`transmit stored content to the car audio system 143 for content
`
`playback by the car radio component.
`
`Ex. 1002 at ¶55.
`
`As can be seen above, Clayton expressly discloses that the streaming audio
`
`may be encoded or unencoded (i.e., decoded). Here, unencoded is synonymous
`
`with decoded and, from the perspective of the claimed "integration subsystem,"
`
`there is no difference whatsoever between unencoded and decoded content.
`
`Matheson Reply Decl. (Ex. 1027) at 4. Despite this, Blitzsafe misinterprets
`
`paragraph 55 to require that decoding take place in the wireless adaptor 173,
`
`thereby implying that the streaming audio is encoded. Blitzsafe's strained reading
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`ignores the express language of the paragraph, namely, that the wirelessly
`
`transmitted content may be unencoded. While Clayton also states that the wireless
`
`adaptor 173 provides "any needed" signal conversion or decoding of the content,
`
`that certainly does not mandate decoding by the wireless adaptor 173 in every
`
`embodiment or in every instance. Rather, decoding is only performed when
`
`needed. If the audio is streamed as unencoded/decoded content, there would be no
`
`needed audio decoding and the wireless adaptor 173 would only have to perform a
`
`digital-to-analog signal conversion/decoding. Id. at 4.
`
`Moreover, the unencoded audio streamed by the portable device according
`
`to Clayton is decoded by the portable device itself. In particular, Clayton discloses
`
`that the streaming audio may be audio from MP3 files, e.g., received from a
`
`content providing server. Ex. 1002 at ¶¶14, 18, 36, 45, and 50. If "unencoded"
`
`audio is wirelessly transmitted from an MP3 file as taught by Clayton, a person
`
`having ordinary skill in the art would understand that the portable device must
`
`necessarily decode the MP3 file (e.g., to a digitally-encoded waveform) before
`
`wirelessly transmitting it as "unencoded" audio. Ex. 1027 at 5.
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`4
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`b. The Clayton Provisional Confirms That The
`"Streaming Audio" Can Be in a Decoded
`Format
`
`Blitzsafe argues that "the Clayton provisional application does not support
`
`the teaching or disclosure of the 'audio generated by the portable device'
`
`limitation." Paper 20 at 17. However, the Clayton Provisional does in fact provide
`
`support for at least one claim of Clayton and does in fact disclose the transmission
`
`of audio in a .WAV format, i.e., a digitally-encoded waveform. Ex. 1003 at 171,
`
`526, 546, 602, and 605; Ex. 1027 at 8-9. Blitzsafe itself has specifically admitted
`
`that a digitally-encoded waveform (which is decoded at the car stereo to the analog
`
`waveform) is "audio generated by the portable device":
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`5
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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` Paper 20 at 13 (citing Ex. 2001 at Fig. 2).
`
`According to Blitzsafe, Case 2 above falls within the scope of the claims
`
`because audio is transmitted in a decoded format (i.e., as a "digitally-encoded
`
`waveform" such as a .WAV format). Paper 20 at 12 and Ex. 2001 at ¶55.
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`6
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`c. Clayton Discloses Another Embodiment in
`Which Audio is Streamed via the Bluetooth
`A2DP Protocol
`
`In another embodiment, Clayton discloses audio streaming via any of the
`
`Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP), the Serial Port Profile (SPP), or the
`
`Personal Area Network (PAN) profile of the Bluetooth standard. Ex. 1002 at ¶62.
`
`Blitzsafe argues that none of these profiles streams "audio generated by the
`
`portable device" because the portable device does not perform any decoding.
`
`Paper 20 at 13-15. Blitzsafe specifically singles out the A2DP profile, and argues
`
`that the portable device implementing this profile does not decode the audio. Id.
`
`However, as Blitzsafe was made fully aware in a related IPR, the A2DP profile
`
`does in fact require the ability to decode in the portable device prior to streaming
`
`audio, in order to ensure interoperability. Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
`
`(Ex. 1022) at 70 (citing A2DP 1.0 Protocol (Ex. 1023) at 18-19):
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`
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`A2DP 1.0 Protocol (Ex. 1023) at 19 (cited by Petition (Paper 1) of IPR2016-01476
`(Ex. 1022) at 70)
`
`Since in order to comply with the A2DP standard, the A2DP embodiment of
`
`Clayton necessarily includes a decoder for wireless streaming, this embodiment is
`
`structurally indistinct from Blitzsafe's interpretation of the '342 Patent claims
`
`whereby a decoder is required in the portable device. Ex. 1027 at 6-7.
`
`III. CLAYTON IS PRIOR ART TO THE '342 PATENT
`
`1. Blitzsafe's Priority Documents and Drafts Do Not Support
`The "Audio Generated By The Portable Device" Limitation
`of The '342 Patent Claims
`
`Blitzsafe argues that its 2005 continuation-in-part Application No.
`
`11/071,667 ("the '667 Application") (Ex. 2003) provides a constructive reduction
`
`to practice of the Challenged Claims and therefore antedates Clayton. Paper 20 at
`
`8
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
`Case IPR2014-00280
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`19-42. Blitzsafe further argues that drafts of the '667 Application evidence
`
`conception of the claimed subject matter prior to the dates of the Clayton
`
`provisional applications. Id. at 42-44. However, Blitzsafe is incorrect on both
`
`accounts as the '667 Application and its drafts fail to describe the "audio generated
`
`by the portable device over said wireless communication link" claim limitation.
`
`Thus, the priority date of the Challenged Claims cannot be before June 27, 2006,
`
`i.e., the '342 Patent's filing date, and certainly not before December 8, 2005, i.e.,
`
`Clayton's non-provisional filing date.
`
`a.
`
`Blitzsafe's Prior Inventorship Evidence
`Discloses No More Than the Prior Art Ohmura
`Reference
`As support for the "audio generated" claim limitation, Blitzsafe and its
`
`expert point to one paragraph of the '667 Application:
`
`The device 635 can be controlled using the control
`[0128]
`panel buttons 620 of the car stereo or video system 610, and
`information from the device 635 is formatted by the interface 630
`and displayed in the display 615 of the car stereo or video system
`610. Additionally, control commands generated at the car stereo
`or car video device 610 are converted by the interface 630 into a
`format (protocol) compatible with the multimedia device 635,
`and are dispatched thereto for execution. A plurality of
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`multimedia devices could be intergrated using the interface 630,
`as well as one or more auxiliary input sources 640. The after-
`market device 635 could comprise any audio, video, or
`telecommunications device, including, but not limited to, a CD
`player, CD changer, digital media player (e.g., MP3 player, MP4
`player, WMV player, Apple iPod, or any other player), satellite
`radio (e.g., XM, Sirius, Delphi, etc.), video device (e.g., DVD
`player), cellular telephone, or any other type of device or
`combinations thereof. Additionally, one or more interfaces could
`be connected to the interface 630 (“daisy-chained”) to allow
`multiple products to be integrated. The device 600 could include
`one or more of the circuits disclosed in FIGS. 3 a-3 d and
`modified depending upon the type of the after-market device 635.
`Ex. 2003 at ¶128 (cited by Paper 20 at 25-26 and Ex. 2001 at 38).
`
`As an initial matter, missing is any suggestion that the communicated audio
`
`is "audio generated by the portable device." The "audio generated" language first
`
`appears in the '342 Patent, and not before.
`
`The absence of any disclosure in the '667 Application of a wireless
`
`transmission of "audio generated by the portable device" is notable. Blitzsafe has
`
`emphatically argued and analyzed this limitation as the basis for distinguishing
`
`over the prior art across multiple different IPRs of the '342 Patent. See, e.g., Paper
`
`10
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`20 at 2; Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 9) in IPR2016-00419 (Ex.
`
`1024) at p. 21; Patent Owner's Preliminary Response (Paper 11) in IPR2016-01476
`
`at pp. 2-3 and 22. Indeed, Blitzsafe argued to this Board that Ohmura's disclosure
`
`of audio streaming over Bluetooth from a portable device (such as a CD player, an
`
`MP3 player, etc.) to a car stereo in response to a play instruction (Ex. 1019 at FIG.
`
`2 and ¶¶ 85-88 and 205) does not meet the "audio generated" claim requirement
`
`because the reference lacks an explicit disclosure of decoding in the portable
`
`device for wireless streaming. Ex. 1024 at p. 21. The Board agreed with Blitzsafe
`
`and denied rehearing on this basis. Ex. 1025 at pp. 5-6.
`
`Tellingly, Blitzsafe and its expert decline to offer any explanation or
`
`analysis of this claim limitation with reference to the '667 Application. This is
`
`because the '667 Application discloses no more than Ohmura as relates to audio
`
`over a wireless link, and in fact provides much less detail than Ohmura. For
`
`example, while Ohmura specifies that the car stereo plays the Bluetooth-
`
`transmitted audio immediately without storing it (Ex. 1019 at ¶205), the '667
`
`Application makes only a sparse mention of Bluetooth as a possible
`
`communication means. Ex. 2003 at ¶126. Certainly, there is no mention
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`whatsoever in the '667 Application of any decoding in the portable device prior to
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`Bluetooth transmission. Ex. 1027 at 10-12.
`
`For the same reason that this Board found Ohmura lacking in showing the
`
`"audio generated… over said wireless communication link" claim limitation, so too
`
`must the Board find with respect to the '667 Application. Ex. 1027 at 10-12; see,
`
`e.g., MPEP 2138.05(I) ("[t]he written description must be sufficient, when the
`
`entire specification is considered, such that the 'necessary and only reasonable
`
`construction' that would be given it by a person skilled in the art is one that clearly
`
`supports each positive limitation"), quoting Hyatt v. Boone, 146 F.3d at 1354-55,
`
`47 USPQ2d at 1130-1132 (Fed. Cir. 1998); see also MPEP 715.07.
`
`b. Blitzsafe's Reduction to Practice Evidence Does
`Not Show Possession of the Claimed Invention
`
`Evidence of a constructive reduction to practice must comply with the
`
`written description requirement of 35 U.S.C. 112(a)/first paragraph. MPEP
`
`2138.05(I). To satisfy this requirement, an application of which benefit is sought
`
`"must describe the claimed invention in sufficient detail that one skilled in the art
`
`can reasonably conclude that the inventor had possession of the claimed
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`invention." MPEP 2163(I), citing Moba, B.V. v. Diamond Automation, Inc., 325
`
`F.3d 1306, 1319, 66 USPQ2d 1429, 1438 (Fed. Cir. 2003).
`
`However, the '667 Application fails to convey to one of ordinary skill in the
`
`art that Ira Marlowe had possession in 2005 of "audio generated… over said
`
`wireless communication link." Ex. 1027 at 10-12. As noted above, the '667
`
`Application and its drafts do not describe "audio generated… over said wireless
`
`communication link," and the "audio generated" language was later added in the
`
`'342 Patent. Indeed, Mr. Marlowe could not explain during his deposition what is
`
`meant by "audio generated," could not answer whether "any of those inventions [in
`
`the '667 Application] include the feature of audio generated by the portable
`
`device," and could not point to any particular support for this feature in the '667
`
`Application. Ex. 1026 (103:23-104:19). For example:
`
`Q.
`
`Do any of the inventions that you just referred to that
`
`are described… or claimed in the '667 application, do any of
`
`those inventions include the feature of audio generated by the
`
`portable device?
`
`MR. LAMBRIANAKOS: Objection, relevancy and calls for
`
`a legal conclusion.
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`Q.
`
`He's not instructing you not to answer, he made his
`
`objection.
`
`A.
`
`I'm not an attorney, I can't make a legal conclusion.
`
`Id. at 103:23-104:10.1
`
`If the inventor himself cannot explain or point to any disclosure in the '667
`
`Application of "audio generated… over said wireless communication link," then it
`
`goes without saying that this earlier application fails to convey that he had
`
`possession of this critical claim limitation.
`
`Furthermore, to comply with the written description requirement when an
`
`explicit limitation in a claim “is not present in the written description whose
`
`benefit is sought it must be shown that a person of ordinary skill would have
`
`understood, at the time the patent application was filed, that the description
`
`requires that limitation” (emphasis added). Hyatt, 146 F.3d at 1353, 47 USPQ2d
`
`at 1131, quoted by MPEP 2163(II)(A)(3)(b). Despite this requirement, Blitzsafe
`
`and both of its Declarants (the inventor Ira Marlowe and Blitzsafe's expert Dr.
`
`
`1 Mr. Marlowe's inability to answer basic questions on conception and reduction to
`practice was particularly exacerbated by excessive speaking objections raised by
`Blitzsafe's counsel throughout his deposition, as evidenced by the cited testimony.
`See, e.g., Ex. 1026 at 35:7-13, 33:9-13, 51:2-4, 52:17-53:18, 103:23-104:19.
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`Richard Stern) have provided no showing whatsoever that a person of ordinary
`
`skill in the art would have understood that the '667 Application requires "audio
`
`generated… over said wireless communication link." Ex. 1027 at 10-12. Instead,
`
`Dr. Stern points only to the aforementioned single paragraph in the '667
`
`Application that is unrelated to "audio generated" by a portable device, let alone
`
`over a wireless communication link. Ex. 2003 at ¶128 (cited by Paper 20 at 25-26
`
`and Ex. 2001 at 38). Thus, Blitzsafe has failed to meet its evidentiary burden to
`
`antedate the Clayton reference.
`
`c.
`
`Blitzsafe's Prior Conception Evidence Does Not
`Show Conception of "Audio Generated… Over
`Said Wireless Communication Link"
`"[E]stablishing conception requires evidence that the inventor actually made
`
`the invention and understood the invention to have the features that comprise the
`
`inventive subject matter at issue." MPEP 2138.04(III), citing Invitrogen,Corp. v.
`
`Clontech Laboratories, Inc., 429 F.3d 1052, 1064, 77 USPQ2d 1161, 1169 (Fed.
`
`Cir. 2005). In other words, "[t]here must be a contemporaneous recognition and
`
`appreciation of the invention for there to be conception." Id., citing Silvestri v.
`
`Grant, 496 F.2d 593, 596, 181 USPQ 706, 708 (CCPA 1974); see also MPEP
`
`715.07.
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`Blitzsafe's prior conception evidence, i.e., drafts of the '667 Application,
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`plainly lacks any appreciation or understanding by Mr. Marlowe of decoded or
`
`generated audio over a wireless communication link. Ex. 1027 at 12. Rather,
`
`these drafts - like the '667 Application - have only a single passing reference to
`
`Bluetooth as a possible communication means, with no suggestion of any decoding
`
`in the portable device prior to Bluetooth transmission. See, e.g., Ex. 2005 at p. 56.
`
`Notably, Mr. Marlowe admitted that he apparently does not even understand this
`
`claim feature during his deposition:
`
`Q. Do you understand the concept of audio generated as used in
`
`this [Inter Partes] Review?
`
`A. I can't say I do.
`
`Ex. 1026 at 33:5-8.
`
`Rather than prove prior conception, the evidence of record only
`
`demonstrates that the inventor did not and apparently does not to this day
`
`appreciate the "audio generated" claim limitation.
`
`IV. CONCLUSION
`For the reasons set forth above and in the Petition, Toyota respectfully
`
`requests that the Challenged Claims be invalidated.
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`TOYOTA ET AL.’S REPLY TO PATENT OWNER’S RESPONSE
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`Sughrue Mion, PLLC
`CUSTOMER NUMBER: 23373
`Date: December 29, 2016
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`/William H. Mandir /
`William H. Mandir
`Registration No. 32,156
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`CERTIFICATION UNDER 37 CFR § 42.24(d)
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`Under the provisions of 37 CFR §42.24(d), the undersigned hereby certifies
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`that the word count for the foregoing Petitioner Reply to Patent Owner Response
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`totals 2,818, which is less than the 5,600 allowed under 37 CFR §42.24(c)(2). The
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`word count was prepared using Microsoft Word 2016.
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`
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`Dated: December 29, 2016
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`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`/Fadi N. Kiblawi/
`Fadi N. Kiblawi
`Registration No. 61,973
`
`
`
`

`
`
`
`CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
`
`The undersigned certifies that a copy of the attached PETITIONER'S
`
`REPLY TO PATENT OWNER'S RESPONSE in Case IPR2016-00418 and this
`
`Certificate of Service are being served on December 29, 2016 by electronic mail
`
`upon the following:
`
`Peter Lambrianakos
`Alfred Fabricant
`plambrianakos@brownrudnick.com
`afabricant@brownrudnick.com
`
`Date: December 29, 2016
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Respectfully submitted,
`
`
`
`
` /Fadi N. Kiblawi/
`Fadi N. Kiblawi
`Registration No. 61,973

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