`
`FORM 10-K
`
`(Annual Report)
`
`Filed 02/19/16 for the Period Ending 12/31/15
`
`
`Address
`LILLY CORPORATE CTR
`DROP CODE 1112
`INDIANAPOLIS, IN 46285
`3172762000
`Telephone
`0000059478
`CIK
`LLY
`Symbol
`2834 - Pharmaceutical Preparations
`SIC Code
`Biotechnology & Drugs
`Industry
`Sector Healthcare
`Fiscal Year
`12/31
`
`http://www.edgar-online.com
`© Copyright 2016, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
`Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use.
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 1
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`United States
`Securities and Exchange Commission
`Washington, D.C. 20549
`Form 10-K
`Annual report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
`for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015
`Commission file number 001-06351
`
`Eli Lilly and Company
`
`An Indiana corporation
`
`I.R.S. employer identification no. 35-0470950
`
`Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
`(317) 276-2000
`Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act:
` Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
`Title of Each Class
` New York Stock Exchange
`Common Stock (no par value)
` New York Stock Exchange
`7 1/8% Notes Due June 1, 2025
` New York Stock Exchange
`6.77% Notes Due January 1, 2036
`Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Exchange Act: None
`Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. Yes þ
`No o
`Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o
`No þ
`Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the
`preceding 12 months, and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ
`No o
`Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File
`required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
`Registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ
`No o
`Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
`the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in the definitive proxy statement incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
`Form 10-K. þ
`Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting
`company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act.
`(Check one):
`
` Smaller reporting company o
` Non-accelerated filer o
` Accelerated filer o
`Large accelerated filer þ
`Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act: Yes o
`No þ
`Aggregate market value of the common equity held by non-affiliates computed by reference to the price at which the common equity was last sold as
`of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter (Common Stock): approximately $81,473,000,000
`Number of shares of common stock outstanding as of February 12, 2016 : 1,106,093,485
`Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement to be filed on or about March 21, 2016 have been incorporated by reference into Part III of this report.
`
`1
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 2
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`Eli Lilly and Company
`Form 10-K
`For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
`Table of Contents
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Business
` Risk Factors
` Unresolved Staff Comments
` Properties
`Legal Proceedings
`
` Mine Safety Disclosures
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Market for the Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity
`Securities
`
` Selected Financial Data
` Management's Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition
` Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
` Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
` Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
` Controls and Procedures
` Other Information
`
`
`
`
`
`
` Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance
` Executive Compensation
` Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
` Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
` Principal Accountant Fees and Services
` Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
`
`
`
`Page
`
`4
`19
`24
`25
`25
`26
`
`27
`
`29
`30
`53
`54
`110
`110
`111
`
`112
`112
`113
`113
`113
`113
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`Part I
`
`Item 1.
`Item 1A.
`Item 1B.
`Item 2.
`Item 3.
`Item 4.
`
`Part II
`
`Item 5.
`
`Item 6.
`Item 7.
`Item 7A.
`Item 8.
`Item 9.
`Item 9A.
`Item 9B.
`
`Part III
`
`Item 10.
`Item 11.
`Item 12.
`Item 13.
`Item 14.
`Item 15.
`
`
`2
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 3
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`Forward-Looking Statements
`T his Annual Report on Form 10-K includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section
`21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). Forward-looking statements include all statements that do not relate solely to historical
`or current facts, and can generally be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “believe,” “will,” “expect,” “project,” “estimate,” “intend,”
`“anticipate,” “plan,” “continue,” or similar expressions.
`In particular, information appearing under “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
`of Operations” includes forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements inherently involve many risks and uncertainties that could cause
`actual results to differ materially from those projected in these statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or
`belief as to future results or events, it is based on management's current plans and expectations, expressed in good faith and believed to have a
`reasonable basis. However, we can give no assurance that any such expectation or belief will result or will be achieved or accomplished. The
`following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated:
`•
`the timing of anticipated regulatory approvals and launches of new products;
`• market uptake of recently launched products;
`•
`competitive developments affecting current products;
`•
`the expiration of intellectual property protection for certain of our products;
`•
`our ability to protect and enforce patents and other intellectual property;
`•
`the impact of actions of governmental and private payers affecting pricing of, reimbursement for, and access to pharmaceuticals;
`•
`regulatory compliance problems or government investigations;
`•
`regulatory actions regarding currently marketed products;
`•
`unexpected safety or efficacy concerns associated with our products;
`•
`issues with product supply stemming from manufacturing difficulties or disruptions;
`•
`regulatory changes or other developments;
`•
`changes in patent law or regulations related to data-package exclusivity;
`•
`litigation involving past, current or future products as we are largely self-insured;
`•
`unauthorized disclosure or misappropriation of trade secrets or other confidential data stored in our information systems, networks, and
`facilities, or those of third parties with whom we share our data;
`changes in tax law;
`changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation;
`asset impairments and restructuring charges;
`changes in accounting standards promulgated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and the Securities and Exchange Commission;
`acquisitions and business development transactions and related integration costs;
`information technology system inadequacies or operating failures;
`reliance on third-party relationships and outsourcing arrangements; and
`the impact of global macroeconomic conditions.
`
`•
`•
`•
`•
`•
`•
`•
`•
`
`Investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. You should carefully read the factors described in the “Risk Factors”
`section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a description of certain risks that could, among other things, cause our actual results to differ from
`these forward-looking statements.
`All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report and are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements
`included in this report. Except as is required by law, we expressly disclaim any obligation to publicly release any revisions to forward-looking
`statements to reflect events after the date of this report.
`
`3
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 4
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`Part I
`Item 1. Business
`Eli Lilly and Company (the “company” or “registrant” or "Lilly") was incorporated in 1901 in Indiana to succeed to the drug manufacturing business
`founded in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly. We discover, develop, manufacture, and market products in two business segments—
`human pharmaceutical products and animal health products.
`The mission of our human pharmaceutical business is to make medicines that help people live longer, healthier, more active lives. Our vision is to
`make a significant contribution to humanity by improving global health in the 21st century. Most of the products we sell today were discovered or
`developed by our own scientists, and our success depends to a great extent on our ability to continue to discover, develop, and bring to market
`innovative new medicines.
`Our animal health business, operating through our Elanco division, develops, manufactures, and markets products for both food animals and
`companion animals. Elanco food animal products help the food industry produce an abundant supply of safe, nutritious and affordable food. Elanco
`companion animal products help pets live longer, healthier, happier lives.
`We manufacture and distribute our products through facilities in the United States (U.S.), Puerto Rico, and 14 other countries. Our products are sold
`in approximately 125 countries.
`Human Pharmaceutical Products
`Our human pharmaceutical products include:
`Endocrinology products , including:
`•
`Humalog ® , Humalog Mix 75/25 ™ , and Humalog Mix 50/50 ™ , insulin analogs for the treatment of diabetes
`•
`Humulin ® , human insulin of recombinant DNA origin for the treatment of diabetes
`•
`Trajenta ® , for the treatment of type 2 diabetes
`•
`Jentadueto ® , a combination tablet of linagliptin (Trajenta) and metformin hydrochloride for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
`•
`Jardiance ® , for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (approved in the U.S., Europe, and Japan in 2014)
`•
`Trulicity ® , for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (approved in the U.S. and Europe in 2014 and Japan in 2015)
`• Glyxambi ® , a combination tablet of linagliptin and empagliflozin (Jardiance) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (approved in the U.S. in
`2015)
`Synjardy ® , a combination tablet of empagliflozin and metformin hydrochloride for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (approved in the U.S. and
`Europe in 2015)
`Basaglar ® (insulin glargine injection), a long-acting human insulin analog for the treatment of diabetes (launched in Japan in 2015 and in
`Europe in 2015 under the trade name Abasaglar ® ). Basaglar was also approved in the U.S. in 2015; under an agreement settling patent
`litigation with Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC (Sanofi) regarding Sanofi's insulin glargine product, we will have the ability to launch Basaglar in the
`U.S. on December 15, 2016. Under the terms of the agreement, Sanofi has granted us a royalty-bearing license so we can manufacture and
`sell Basaglar in the Kwikpen ™ device globally.
`Forteo ® , for the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and men at high risk for fracture and for glucocorticoid-induced
`osteoporosis in men and postmenopausal women
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`4
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 5
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`•
`•
`•
`
`Evista ® , for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and for the reduction of the risk of invasive breast
`cancer in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and postmenopausal women at high risk for invasive breast cancer
`Humatrope ® , for the treatment of human growth hormone deficiency and certain pediatric growth conditions
`Axiron ® , a topical solution of testosterone, applied by underarm applicator, for replacement therapy in men for certain conditions associated
`with a deficiency or absence of testosterone
`Neuroscience products , including:
`•
`Cymbalta ® , for the treatment of major depressive disorder, diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia,
`and chronic musculoskeletal pain due to chronic low back pain or chronic pain due to osteoarthritis
`Zyprexa ® , for the treatment of schizophrenia, acute mixed or manic episodes associated with bipolar I disorder, and bipolar maintenance
`Strattera ® , for the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
`Prozac ® , for the treatment of major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and panic disorder
`Amyvid ® , a radioactive diagnostic agent for positron emission tomography imaging of beta-amyloid neuritic plaques in the brains of adult
`patients with cognitive impairment who are being evaluated for Alzheimer's disease and other causes of cognitive decline
`Oncology products , including:
`•
`Alimta ® , for the first-line treatment, in combination with another agent, of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) for patients with
`non-squamous cell histology; for the second-line treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC; as monotherapy for the maintenance
`treatment of advanced non-squamous NSCLC in patients whose disease has not progressed immediately following chemotherapy
`treatment; and in combination with another agent, for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma
`Erbitux ® , indicated both as a single agent and with another chemotherapy agent for the treatment of certain types of colorectal cancers;
`and as a single agent, in combination with chemotherapy, or in combination with radiation therapy for the treatment of certain types of head
`and neck cancers
`Cyramza ® , for the treatment of various cancers, with approvals as follows:
`◦
`approved in 2014 in the U.S. and the European Union (EU), and in Japan in 2015, both as a single agent and in combination with
`another agent as a second-line treatment of advanced or metastatic gastric cancer
`approved in 2014 in the U.S., and in the EU in 2016, in combination with another agent as a second-line treatment of metastatic
`NSCLC
`approved in 2015 in the U.S., and in the EU in 2016, as a second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer
`◦
`• Gemzar ® , for the treatment of pancreatic cancer; in combination with other agents, for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, NSCLC,
`and advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer; and in the EU for the treatment of bladder cancer
`Portrazza ™ , approved in 2015 in the U.S. for use in combination with other agents as a first-line treatment of metastatic squamous NSCLC,
`and approved in 2016 in the EU for use in combination with other agents as a first-line treatment for epidermal growth factor receptor
`expressing squamous NSCLC
`Cardiovascular products , including:
`•
`Cialis ® , for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and benign prostatic hyperplasia
`
`◦
`
`•
`
`5
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 6
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`•
`
`Effient ® , for the reduction of thrombotic cardiovascular events (including stent thrombosis) in patients with acute coronary syndrome who
`are managed with an artery-opening procedure known as percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), including patients undergoing
`angioplasty, atherectomy, or stent placement
`ReoPro ® , for use as an adjunct to PCI for the prevention of cardiac ischemic complications
`•
`Animal Health Products
`Our products for food animals include:
`•
`Rumensin ® , a cattle feed additive that improves feed efficiency and growth and also controls and prevents coccidiosis
`•
`Posilac ® , a protein supplement to improve milk productivity in dairy cows
`Paylean ® and Optaflexx ® , leanness and performance enhancers for swine and cattle, respectively
`•
`Tylan ® , an antibiotic used to control certain diseases in cattle, swine, and poultry
`•
`• Micotil ® , Pulmotil ® , and Pulmotil AC ® , antibiotics used to treat respiratory disease in cattle, swine, and poultry, respectively
`•
`Coban ® , Monteban ® , and Maxiban ® , anticoccidial agents for use in poultry
`•
`Surmax ® (sold as Maxus ® in some countries), a performance enhancer for swine and poultry
`•
`Imrestor ™ , a biopharmaceutical that restores neutrophil function in peri-parturient dairy cows
`Our products for companion animals include:
`•
`Trifexis ® , a monthly chewable tablet for dogs that kills fleas, prevents flea infestations, prevents heartworm disease, and controls intestinal
`parasite infections
`Comfortis ® , a chewable tablet that kills fleas and prevents flea infestations on dogs
`•
`• Onsior ® , a non-steroidal short-term pain reliever for cats administered orally or by injection
`•
`Interceptor Plus ® , a canine heartworm drug that fights tapeworms in addition to hookworms, roundworms, and whipworms
`• Osurnia ® , a gel formulation treatment for canine ear canal infection or inflammation
`
`6
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 7
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`•
`
`On January 1, 2015, we completed our acquisition of Novartis Animal Health (Novartis AH) in an all-cash transaction for $5.28 billion . Novartis AH
`operates in approximately 40 countries. The combined organization has added several hundred products to our animal health product portfolio,
`expanded our global commercial presence, and augmented our animal health manufacturing and research and development. In particular, it has
`provided Elanco with a greater commercial presence in the companion animal and swine markets, expanded Elanco’s presence in equine and
`vaccines areas, and created an entry into the aquaculture market. Acquired Novartis AH products include:
`Denagard ® , an antibiotic for the control and treatment of respiratory and enteric diseases in swine and poultry
`•
`• Milbemax ™ , a broad-spectrum intestinal wormer which, if given monthly, also offers prevention against heartworm
`•
`Sentinel ® (outside the U.S.), a monthly tablet for the prevention of flea populations, the concurrent prevention of heartworm disease and the
`treatment of roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms in dogs
`Atopica ® , for the treatment of chronic manifestations of atopic dermatitis in dogs and for the symptomatic treatment of chronic allergic
`dermatitis in cats
`Fortekor ® , for the treatment of congestive heart failure in dogs and reduction of proteinurea associated with chronic kidney disease in cats
`•
`Marketing
`We sell most of our products worldwide. We adapt our marketing methods and product emphasis in various countries to meet local customer needs.
`Human Pharmaceuticals—United States
`In the U.S., we distribute human pharmaceutical products principally through independent wholesale distributors, with some sales directly to
`pharmacies. In 2015, 2014, and 2013, three wholesale distributors in the U.S.—AmerisourceBergen Corporation, McKesson Corporation, and
`Cardinal Health, Inc.—each accounted for between 8 percent and 19 percent of our consolidated total revenue. No other distributor accounted for
`more than 10 percent of consolidated total revenue in any of those years.
`We promote our major human pharmaceutical products in the U.S. through sales representatives who call upon physicians and other health care
`professionals. We advertise in medical journals, distribute literature and samples of certain products to physicians, and exhibit at medical meetings.
`In addition, we advertise certain products directly to consumers in the U.S., and we maintain websites with information about our major products. We
`supplement our employee sales force with contract sales organizations as appropriate to leverage our own resources and the strengths of our
`partners in various markets.
`We maintain special business groups to service wholesalers, pharmacy benefit managers, managed care organizations, government and long-term
`care institutions, hospitals, and certain retail pharmacies. We enter into arrangements with these organizations providing for discounts or rebates on
`our products.
`Human Pharmaceuticals—Outside the United States
`Outside the U.S, we promote our human pharmaceutical products primarily through sales representatives. While the products marketed vary from
`country to country, endocrinology products constitute the largest single group in total revenue. Distribution patterns vary from country to country. In
`most countries in which we operate, we maintain our own sales organizations, but in some smaller countries we market our products through
`independent distributors.
`Human Pharmaceutical Marketing Collaborations
`Certain of our human pharmaceutical products are marketed in arrangements with other pharmaceutical companies, including the following:
`• We and Boehringer Ingelheim have a diabetes alliance under which we jointly develop and commercialize Trajenta, Jentadueto, Jardiance,
`Glyxambi, Synjardy, and Basaglar in major markets.
`
`7
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 8
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`•
`
`• We co-promote Cymbalta in Japan with Shionogi & Co. Ltd.
`•
`Through September 30, 2015, Erbitux was marketed in the U.S. and Canada by Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS). Effective October 1, 2015,
`BMS transferred to us all commercialization rights for Erbitux in those two countries. Outside the U.S. and Canada, Erbitux is
`commercialized by Merck KGaA, and we receive royalties from Merck KGaA.
`Effient is co-promoted with us by Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. (Daiichi Sankyo) in the U.S., Brazil, Mexico, and certain other countries. Through
`the end of 2015, we also co-promoted Effient with Daiichi Sankyo in major European markets. Effective January 2016, Daiichi Sankyo is
`exclusively promoting Effient in major European markets; however, the economic results for these countries will continue to be shared in the
`same proportion as under the previous arrangement. We retain sole marketing rights in Canada, Australia, Russia, and certain other
`countries. Daiichi Sankyo retains sole marketing rights in Japan and certain other countries.
`For additional information, see Item 8, "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data—Note 4, Collaborations and Other Arrangements."
`Animal Health Products
`Our Elanco animal health business unit employs field salespeople throughout the U.S. and has an extensive sales force outside the U.S. Elanco
`sells its products primarily to wholesale distributors. Elanco promotes its products primarily to producers and veterinarians for food animal products
`and to veterinarians for companion animal products. Elanco also advertises certain companion animal products directly to pet owners in markets
`where it is consistent with allowable promotional practices.
`Competition
`Our human pharmaceutical products compete globally with products of many other companies in highly competitive markets. Our animal health
`products compete globally with products of animal health care companies as well as pharmaceutical, chemical, and other companies that operate
`animal health businesses.
`Important competitive factors for both human pharmaceutical and animal health products include effectiveness, safety, and ease of use; price and
`demonstrated cost-effectiveness; marketing effectiveness; and research and development of new products, processes, and uses. Most new
`products that we introduce must compete with other branded or generic products already on the market or products that are later developed by
`competitors. If competitors introduce new products or delivery systems with therapeutic or cost advantages, our products can be subject to
`decreased sales, progressive price reductions, or both.
`We believe our long-term competitive success depends upon discovering and developing (either alone or in collaboration with others) or acquiring
`innovative, cost-effective human pharmaceutical and animal health products that provide improved outcomes and deliver value to payers, and
`continuously improving the productivity of our operations in a highly competitive environment. There can be no assurance that our research and
`development efforts will result in commercially successful products, and it is possible that our products will become uncompetitive from time to time
`as a result of products developed by our competitors.
`Generic Pharmaceuticals
`One of the biggest competitive challenges we face is from generic pharmaceuticals. In the U.S. and the EU, the regulatory approval process for
`human pharmaceuticals (other than biological products (biologics)) exempts generics from costly and time-consuming clinical trials to demonstrate
`their safety and efficacy, allowing generic manufacturers to rely on the safety and efficacy of the innovator product. Therefore, generic
`manufacturers generally invest far less than we do in research and development and can price their products much lower than our branded
`products. Accordingly, when a branded non-biologic human pharmaceutical loses its market exclusivity, it normally faces intense price competition
`from generic forms of the product. Public and private payers typically encourage the use of generics as alternatives to brand-name drugs in their
`healthcare programs. Laws in the U.S. generally allow, and in many cases require, pharmacists to substitute generic drugs that have been rated
`under government procedures to be essentially equivalent to a brand-name drug. Where substitution is mandatory, it must be made unless the
`prescribing physician expressly forbids it. In many countries outside the U.S., intellectual property protection is weak, and we must compete
`
`8
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 9
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`with generic or counterfeit versions of our products. Many of our animal health products also compete with generics.
`Biosimilars
`Several of our current products, including Cyramza, Erbitux, Trulicity, and Portrazza, and many of the new molecular entities (NMEs) in our research
`pipeline are biologics. Competition for Lilly’s biologics may be affected by the approval of follow-on biologics, also known as biosimilars. A biosimilar
`is a subsequent version of an an approved innovator biologic that, due to its physical/structural similarity to the original product, is approved based
`on an abbreviated data package that relies in part on the full testing required of the originator product. Globally, governments have or are developing
`regulatory pathways to approve biosimilars as alternatives to innovator-developed biologics, but the patent for the existing, branded product must
`expire in a given market before biosimilars may enter that market. The extent to which a biosimilar, once approved, will be substituted for the
`innovator biologic in a way that is similar to traditional generic substitution for non-biologic products, is not yet entirely clear, and will depend on a
`number of regulatory and marketplace factors that are still developing.
`Biosimilars may present both competitive challenges and opportunities. For example, with our partner Boehringer Ingelheim we have developed
`Basaglar, a new insulin glargine product which has the same amino acid sequence as the product currently marketed by a competitor. Our product
`has launched in the EU and Japan, and can be launched in the U.S. on December 15, 2016.
`U.S. Private Sector Payer Consolidation
`In the U.S. private sector, consolidation and integration among healthcare providers is also a major factor in the competitive marketplace for human
`pharmaceuticals. Health plans and pharmaceutical benefit managers have been consolidating into fewer, larger entities, thus enhancing their
`purchasing strength and importance.
`Payers typically maintain formularies which specify coverage (the conditions under which drugs are included on a plan's formulary) and
`reimbursement (the associated out-of-pocket cost to the consumer). Formulary placement can lead to reduced usage of a drug for the relevant
`patient population due to coverage restrictions, such as prior authorizations and formulary exclusions, or due to reimbursement limitations which
`result in higher consumer out-of-pocket cost, such as non-preferred co-pay tiers, increased co-insurance levels, and higher deductibles.
`Consequently, pharmaceutical companies compete for formulary placement not only on the basis of product attributes such as efficacy, safety
`profile, or patient ease of use, but also by providing rebates. Price is an increasingly important factor in formulary decisions, particularly in treatment
`areas in which the payer has taken the position that multiple branded products are therapeutically comparable. These downward pricing pressures
`could negatively affect our future consolidated results of operations.
`
`Patents, Trademarks, and Other Intellectual Property Rights
`Overview
`Intellectual property protection is critical to our ability to successfully commercialize our life sciences innovations and invest in the search for new
`medicines. We own, have applied for, or are licensed under, a large number of patents in the U.S. and many other countries relating to products,
`product uses, formulations, and manufacturing processes. In addition, as discussed below, for some products we have additional effective
`intellectual property protection in the form of data protection under pharmaceutical regulatory laws.
`The patent protection anticipated to be of most relevance to human pharmaceuticals is provided by national patents claiming the active ingredient
`(the compound patent), particularly those in major markets such as the U.S., various European countries, and Japan. These patents may be issued
`based upon the filing of international patent applications, usually filed under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). Patent applications covering the
`compounds are generally filed during the Discovery Research Phase of the drug discovery process, which is described in the “Research and
`Development” section below. In general, national patents in each relevant country are available for a period of 20 years from the filing date of the
`PCT application, which is often years prior to the launch of a commercial product. Further patent term adjustments and restorations may extend the
`original patent term:
`
`9
`
`Lilly Ex. 2001 pg. 10
`Sandoz v. Lilly IPR2016-00318
`
`
`
`•
`
`•
`
`•
`
`Patent term adjustment is a statutory right available to all U.S. patent applicants to provide relief in the event that a patent is delayed during
`examination by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
`Patent term restoration is a statutory right provided to U.S. patents that claim inventions subject to review by the U.S. Food and Drug
`Administration (FDA). A single patent for a human pharmaceutical product may be eligible for patent term restoration to make up for a
`portion of the time invested in clinical trials and the FDA review process. Patent term restoration is limited by a formula and cannot be
`calculated until product approval due to uncertainty about the duration of clinical trials and the time it takes the FDA to review an application.
`There is a five-year cap on any restoration, and no patent may be extended for more than 14 years beyond FDA approval. Some countries
`outside the U.S. also offer forms of patent term restoration. For example, Supplementary Protection Certificates are sometimes available to
`extend the life of a European patent up to an additional five years. Similarly, in Japan, Korea, and Australia, patent terms can be extended
`up to five years, depending on the length of regulatory review and other factors.
`Loss of effective patent protection for human pharmaceuticals typically results in the loss of effective market exclusivity for the product, which can
`result in severe and rapid decline in sales of the product. However, in some cases the innovator company may be protected from approval of generic
`or other follow-on versions of a new medicine beyond the expiration of the compound patent through manufacturing trade secrets, later-expiring
`patents on methods of use or formulations, or data protection that may be available under pharmaceutical regulatory laws. The primary forms of