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`
`Topic highlights include:
`
`I SysDB: the EOS system database that holds state, statuses,
`and variables
`
`I Multichassis Link Aggregation {MLAG}: for linking a port-
`channel to multiple switches instead ofjust one
`
`I Latency Analyzer {LANZ): the interface-buffer troubleshoot-
`ing tool with a reporting granularity of one millisecond
`
`I VM Tracer: for adding, changing, and removing VLANS
`without human interaction
`
`I Zero~Touch Provisioning {ZTP}: for remote switch
`configuration
`
`I Hardware advantages: including merchant silicon, low-
`Iatency networking, and power consumption
`
`I Gotchas: issues with Arista switches or systems
`
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`

`
`Arista Warrior
`
`Gary A. Donahue
`
`

`
`Arista Warrior
`by Gary A. Donahue
`Copyright © 2013 Gary Donahue. All rights reserved.
`Printed in the United States of America.
`Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.
`
`O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are
`also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/
`institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.
`Editors: Mike Loukides and Meghan Blanchette
`Proofreader: Kiel Van Horn
`Indexer: Angela Howard
`Production Editor: Kristen Borg
`Copyeditor: Absolute Services, Inc.
`Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
`Interior Designer: David Futato
`Illustrator: Robert Romano
`
`October 2012:
`
`First Edition
`
`Revision History for the First Edition:
`
`2012-10-03
`
`First release
`
`See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781449314538 for release details.
`
`Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly
`Media, Inc. Arista Warrior, the image of an African Harrier-Hawk, and related trade dress are trademarks
`of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
`Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
`trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trade­
`mark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.
`
`While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume
`no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained
`herein.
`
`ISBN: 978-1-449-31453-8
`[LSI]
`
`

`
`For my mother
`Joyce A. Grier
`November 18, 1931 – July 20, 2012
`http://www.gad.net/mother
`We all miss you.
`
`

`
`

`
`Table of Contents
`
`Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
`
`1. Why Arista?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
`A Brief History of Arista 1
`Key Players 1
`The Needs of a Data Center 4
`Data Center Networking 5
`The Case for Low Latency 6
`Network-Based Storage 6
`Arista Delivers 7
`Hardware 7
`EOS 7
`Bash 7
`SysDB 8
`MLAG 8
`VARP 8
`LANZ 8
`VM Tracer 8
`ZTP 9
`Email 9
`Event Scheduler 9
`TCP Dump 9
`Event Handler 9
`Event Monitor 10
`Extending EOS 10
`CloudVision 10
`
`2. Buffers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
`
`3. Merchant Silicon. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
`
`v
`
`

`
`The Debate 23
`Arista and Merchant Silicon 24
`Arista Product ASICs 25
`
`4. Fabric Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
`
`5. Arista Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
`Power 39
`Airflow 40
`Optics 41
`EOS 42
`Top-of-Rack Switches 43
`One-Gigabit Switches 43
`Ten-Gigabit Switches: 7100 Series 44
`Ten-Gigabit Switches: 7050 Series 47
`Chassis Switches 51
`Arista 7500 Series 51
`
`6.
`
`Introduction to EOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
`SysDB 58
`Using EOS 59
`
`7. Upgrading EOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
`
`8. LLDP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
`
`9. Bash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
`
`10. SysDB. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
`
`11. Python. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
`
`12. MLAG. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
`MLAG Overview 107
`Configuring MLAG 109
`MLAG ISSU 123
`
`13. Spanning Tree Protocol. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
`MST 128
`MST Terminology 146
`Why Pruning VLANs Can Be Bad 149
`
`vi
`
`|
`
`Table of Contents
`
`

`
`Spanning Tree and MLAG 151
`
`14. First Hop Redundancy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
`VRRP 155
`Basic Configuration 157
`Miscellaneous VRRP Stuff 166
`VARP 167
`Configuring VARP 170
`
`15. Routing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
`RIP 177
`OSPF 179
`BGP 181
`So What? 182
`
`16. Access Lists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
`Basic IP ACLs 188
`Advanced IP ACLs 192
`MAC ACLs 196
`Applying ACLs 197
`
`17. Quality of Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
`Configuring QoS 203
`Configuring Trust 203
`Configuring Defaults 204
`Mapping 206
`Interface Shaping 208
`Shaping tx-queues 209
`Prioritizing tx-queues 209
`Showing QoS Information 213
`Petra-Based Switches 214
`Trident-Based Switches 218
`FM4000-Based Switches 219
`In Conclusion 222
`
`18. Aboot. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
`
`19. Email. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
`
`20. LANZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
`
`21. sFlow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
`
`Table of Contents
`
`|
`
`vii
`
`

`
`Configuring sFlow 258
`Showing sFlow Information 259
`
`22. VM Tracer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
`CDP Weirdness 273
`
`23. Scheduler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
`
`24. TCP Dump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
`Unix 287
`EOS 292
`
`25. Zero-Touch Provisioning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
`Cancelling ZTP 301
`Disabling ZTP 302
`Booting with ZTP 305
`
`26. event-handler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
`Description 311
`Configuration 313
`
` 317
`27. Event Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Using Event Monitor 317
`ARP 318
`MAC 321
`Route 323
`Advanced Usage 327
`Configuring Event Monitor 329
`
`28. Extending EOS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
`
`29. CloudVision. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
`Description 341
`Configuring and Using CloudVision 342
`Groups 352
`Monitoring CloudVision 360
`
` 365
`30. Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
`Performance Monitoring 365
`Tracing Agents (Debugging) 368
`Useful Examples 375
`Turn It Off! 376
`
`viii
`
`|
`
`Table of Contents
`
`

`
`Arista Support 377
`
`31. Aristacisms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
`Marketing Glossary 379
`Arista-Specific Configuration Items 380
`There is no duplex statement in EOS 380
`Watch out for those comments! 381
`Some routing protocols are shut down by default 383
`Trunk groups 383
`Management VRF 386
`And Finally… 389
`
`Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
`
`Table of Contents
`
`|
`
`ix
`
`

`
`

`
`Preface
`
`The examples used in this book are taken from my own experiences, as well as from the
`experiences of those with or for whom I have had the pleasure of working. Of course,
`for obvious legal and honorable reasons, the exact details and any information that might
`reveal the identities of the other parties involved have been changed.
`Who Should Read This Book
`This book is not an Arista manual. I will not go into the details of every permutation of
`every command, nor will I go into painful detail of default timers, or counters, or pri­
`orities, or any of that boring stuff. The purpose of this book is to get you up and running
`with an Arista switch, or even a data center full of them. What’s more, this book aims
`to explain Arista-specific features in great detail; however, it may not go into such detail
`on other topics such as explaining VLANs, routers, and how to configure NTP, since
`I’ve covered those topics at length in Network Warrior. I will go into detail if a topic is
`being introduced here that wasn’t covered in Network Warrior, such as Multiple Span­
`ning Tree (MST), or VRRP. Where possible, I have concentrated on what makes Arista
`switches great. In short, if you want to learn about networking, pick up Network War­
`rior. If you want to know why Arista is stealing market share from all the other net­
`working equipment vendors, buy this book.
`This book is intended for use by anyone familiar with networking, likely from a Cisco
`environment, who is interested in learning more about Arista switches. Anyone with a
`CCNA or equivalent (or greater) knowledge should benefit from this book, but the
`person who will get the most from this book is the entrenched admin, engineer, or
`architect who has been tasked with building an Arista network. My goal in writing Arista
`Warrior is to explain complex ideas in an easy-to-understand manner. I’ve taught a few
`
`xi
`
`

`
`classes on Arista switches, and I see trepidation and fear of the unknown in students
`when the class begins. By the end of the class, I have students asking when Arista will
`go public, and if I can get them Arista T-shirts (I don’t know, and I can’t, but thanks for
`your emails!). I hope you will find this book similarly informative.
`As I wrote in Network Warrior, I have noticed over the years that people in the computer,
`networking, and telecom industries are often misinformed about the basics of these
`disciplines. I believe that in many cases, this is the result of poor teaching or the use of
`reference material that does not convey complex concepts well. With this book, I hope
`to show people how easy some of these concepts are. Of course, as I like to say, “It’s easy
`when you know how,” so I have tried very hard to help anyone who picks up my book
`understand the ideas contained herein.
`Let’s be brutally honest, most technology books suck. What drew me to O’Reilly in the
`first place is that almost all of them don’t. From the feedback I’ve received over the years
`since first writing Network Warrior, it has become clear to me that many of my readers
`agree. I hope that this book is as easy to read as my previous works.
`My goal, as always, is to make your job easier. Where applicable, I will share details of
`how I’ve made horrible mistakes in order to help you avoid them. Sure, I could pretend
`that I’ve never made any such mistakes, but anyone who knows me will happily tell you
`how untrue that would be. Besides, stories make technical books more fun, so dig in,
`read on, and enjoy watching me fail.
`This book is similar in style to Network Warrior, with the obvious exception that there
`is no (well, very little, really) Cisco content. In some cases I include examples that might
`seem excessive, such as showing the output from a command’s help option. My as­
`sumption is that people don’t have Arista switches sitting around that they can play with.
`This is a bit different than the Cisco world, where you can pick up an old switch on the
`Internet for little money. Arista is a relatively new company, and finding used Arista
`switches will probably be tough. Hopefully, by including more of what you’d see in an
`actual Arista switch, this book will help those curious about them.
`Lastly, I’d like to explain why I wrote this book. I don’t work for Arista, I don’t sell Arista
`gear, and Arista has not paid me to write this book. Some time ago, a client had me do
`a sort of bake-off between major networking equipment vendors. We brought in all the
`big names, all of whom said something to the effect of, “We’re usually up against Arista
`in this space!” Because every one of the other vendors inadvertently recommended
`Arista, we contacted them, got some test gear, and went out to visit their California
`office.
`I’ve been in IT for almost 30 years, and I’ve been doing networking for 25. I’m jaded,
`I’m grouchy, and I distrust everything I read. I’ve seen countless new ideas reveal them­
`selves as a simple rehashing of something we did with mainframes. I’ve seen countless
`IT companies come and go, and I’ve been disappointed by more pieces of crappy
`
`xii
`
`| Preface
`
`

`
`hardware with crappy operating systems than most people can name. I’ve been given
`job offers by the biggest names in the business, and turned them all down. Why? Because
`big names mean nothing to me aside from the possibility of another notch added to my
`resume.
`Nothing impresses me, nothing surprises me, and nothing gets past me. But when I
`walked out of Arista after three days of meeting with everyone from the guys who write
`the code to the CEO and founders themselves, I was impressed. Not only impressed, but
`excited! I’m not easily sold, but I walked out of there a believer, and in the short years
`since that first introduction, nothing has caused me to change my perception of Arista
`and their excellent equipment.
`When I started writing, there were no Arista books out there. I felt that I could write
`one that people would enjoy, while doing justice to the Arista way of doing things. As
`you read this book, I hope that you’ll get a feel for what that way is.
`Though I’m obviously a fan, these devices are not perfect. I’ll show you where I’ve found
`issues, and where there might be gotchas. That’s the benefit of me not being paid by
`Arista—I’ll tell it like it is. To be honest though, in my experience, Arista would tell you
`the very same things, which is what first impressed me about them. That’s why I wrote
`this book. It’s easy for me to write when I believe in the subject matter.
`Enough blather—let’s get to it!
`Conventions Used in This Book
`The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
`Italic
`Used for new terms where they are defined, for emphasis, and for URLs
`
`(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:87)(cid:75)
`Used for commands, output from devices as it is seen on the screen, and samples
`of Request for Comments (RFC) documents reproduced in the text
`
`(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:70)
`Used to indicate arguments within commands for which you should supply values
`
`(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:71)
`Used for commands to be entered by the user and to highlight sections of output
`from a device that have been referenced in the text or are significant in some way
`
`Indicates a tip, suggestion, or general note
`
`Preface
`
`|
`
`xiii
`
`

`
`Indicates a warning or caution
`
`Using Code Examples
`This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in this
`book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permis­
`sion unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a
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`into your product’s documentation does require permission.
`We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title,
`author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Arista Warrior by Gary A. Donahue. Copy­
`right 2013 Gary A. Donahue, 978-1-449-31453-8.”
`If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,
`feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.
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`xiv
`
`| Preface
`
`

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